Special Promotional Programme For Horticulture Development

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Definition of Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture:

Horticulture may be broadly defined as the Science and art of growing fruits, vegetables and flowers and crops like spices condiments and other Plantation Crops.
It is a science of cultivation of Garden Plants.
The word Horticulture in derived from the Latin word Hortus meaning enclosure (garden) and culture – meaning, cultivation,. Thus Horticulture mans culture or cultivation of garden crops.

Branches of Horticulture:

Horticultural Science is the most distinct branch of Agricultural Sciences and call be divided into four different branches as follow.

Main Branches:

Pamology– It deals with cultivation of fruit crops.
Olericulture- It deals with cultivation of Vegetable Crops
Floriculture- It deals with cultivation of ornamental flowers and land scaping.
Fruit and
vegetable preservation- It deals with the principles of fruit and vegetable preservation

Sub Branches:

Plantation and Medicinal plants.
Ornamental Gardening
Landscape gardening and
Nursery plant production

Mission for integrated development of horticulture (MIDH)

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for the holistic Growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew, cocoa and bamboo.
While Government of India (GOI) contributes 85% of total outlay for developmental programmes in all the states except the states in North East and Himalayas, 15% share is contributed by State Governments.
In the case of North Eastern States and Himalayan States, GOI contribution is 100%. Similarly, for development of bamboo and programmes of National Horticulture Board (NHB), Coconut Development Board (CDB), Central Institute for Horticulture (CIH), Nagaland and the National Level Agencies (NLA), GOI contribution will be 100%.

MISSION OBJECTIVES

Main objectives of the Mission are:

Promote holistic growth of horticulture sector, including bamboo and coconut through area based regionally differentiated strategies, which includes research, technology promotion, extension, post harvest management, processing and Marketing, in consonance with comparative advantage of each State/region and its diverse agro-climatic features;
Encourage aggregation of farmers into farmer groups like FIGs/FPOs and FPCs to bring economy of scale and scope.
Enhance horticulture production, augment farmers, income and strengthen nutritional security;
Improve productivity by way of quality germplasm, planting material and water use efficiency through Micro Irrigation.
Support Skill development and create EMPLOYMENT generation opportunities for rural youth in horticulture and post harvest management, especially in the cold chain sector.

National Horticulture Board (NHB)

National Horticulture Board (NHB) was set up by Government of India in April 1984 on the basis of recommendations of the "Group on Perishable Agricultural Commodities", headed by Dr M. S. Swaminathan, the then Member (agriculture), Planning Commission, Government of India.
The NHB is registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act 1860, with its headquarters at Gurgaon.

Aims & Objectives of NHB Schemes

The main objectives of the NHB are to improve integrated development of Horticulture Industry and to help in coordinating, sustaining the production and processing of fruits and vegetables. Detailed objectives of the Board are as under:-

Development of hi-tech commercial horticulture in identified belts and make such areas vibrant with horticultural activity, which in turn will act as hubs for development of horticulture.
Development of modern post-harvest management Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE as an integral part of area expansion projects or as common facility for cluster of projects.
Development of integrated, energy efficient cold chain infrastructure for fresh horticulture produce.
Popularization of identified new technologies / tools / techniques for commercialization / adoption, after carrying out technology and need assessment.
Assistance in securing availability of quality planting material by promoting setting up of scion and root stock banks / mother plant nurseries and carrying out accreditation / rating of horticulture nurseries and need based imports of planting material.
Promotion and market development of fresh horticulture produce.
Promotion of field trials of newly developed/imported planting materials and other farm inputs; production technology; PHM protocols, INM and IPM protocols and promotion of applied R&D programmes for commercialization of proven technology.
Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Horticulture through demonstration and its uses at farmers field level to reduce labour cost and increase the productivity of Horticulture crops.
Promotion of applied R & D for standardizing PHM protocols, prescribing critical storage conditions for fresh horticulture produce, bench marking of technical standards for cold chain infrastructure etc.
Transfer of technology to producers/farmers and service providers such as gardeners, nurserymen, farm level skilled workers, operators in cold storages, work force carrying out post harvest management including processing of fresh horticulture produce and to the master trainers.
Promotion of consumption of horticulture produce and products.
Promoting long distance transport solution for bulk movement of horticulture produce through rail etc.
Carrying out studies and surveys to identify constraints and develop short and long term strategies for systematic development of horticulture and providing technical Services including advisory and consultancy services.

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture in North East and Himalayan States

Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Technology Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture in North East and Himalayan States has been renamed as Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan States (HMNEH) during 2010-11.
The scheme is being implemented in a mission mode with an end-to-end approach which includes development and introduction of high yielding varieties and technologies, expansvion of area, post harvest handling and management, marketing, value addition and processing of horticulture produce with following four Mini Missions, namely:

Mini Mission I – Research: Coordinated and implemented by Indian Council of Agricultural Research. This Mini Mission concentrates on technology generation appropriate to the region. Major components under MM-I are supply of basic seed and planting material, technology standardization, refinement, on farm demonstration and training.
Mini Mission ii – Production and Productivity : Coordinated by Department of Agriculture & Cooperation and implemented by State Departments of Horticulture/ Agriculture. This mini mission aims at increasing production and productivity of Horticulture crops by adoption of improved production Technologies.
Mini Mission iii – Post-Harvest Management and Marketing : Coordinated by Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, implemented by Directorate of Marketing & Inspection and National Horticulture Board. This Mini Mission aims for efficient post-harvest management, techniques, which include development of cold storage facilities, efficient transport and marketing facilities.
Mini Mission IV – Processing: Coordinated and implemented by Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India. This Mini Mission aims at promoting processing industry for value addition to Horticultural produce by promoting new processing units and up gradation of existing units.

Coconut Development Board (CDB)

Coconut Development Board (CDB) is a statutory body established under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Government of India for the integrated development of coconut and coconut-related products.
Coconut Development Board is a statutory body established by the Government of India for the integrated development of coconut production and utilization in the country with focus on productivity increase and product diversification.
The Board which came into existence on 12 January 1981, functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, with its Headquarters at Kochi in Kerala and Regional Offices at Bangalore in Karnataka, Chennai in Tamil Nadu and Guwahati in Assam.
There are six State Centres situated at Bhubaneswar in Orissa, Calcutta in West Bengal, Patna in Bihar, Thane in Maharashtra, Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh and Port Blair in the Union Territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
The Board has 9 Demonstration cum Seed Production (DSP) Farms in different locations of the country and now 7 farms are maintained.
A Market Development cum Information Centre has established in Delhi. The Board has set up a Technology Development Centre at Vazhakulam near Aluva in Kerala.

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURE

Recognizing the importance for institutional support for development of horticulture in NE Region, Government of India has sanctioned a Central Sector Scheme for setting up of Central Institute of Horticulture in Nagaland during January, 2006. The financial outlay for the setting up of Institute over a period of 5 years is Rs.20 crores.
The Institute is being set up at Medziphema in an area of 43.50 ha, which is situated at 35 kms. from Dimapur and 45 kms. from Kohima city on National Highway 39.
It has an elevation ranging from 250 to 300 metres having temperature between 12 to 35 degree centigrade and Average rainfall of 2500 mm.
The area has low hilly terrains with good Soil suitable for growing most of the sub tropical horticultural crops. The objectives and the identified programmes of the Institute are as given below:

Objectives of the Institute

The main objective of the Institute is to support Horticulture Development in the N.E. region through:

Capacity building by training of trainers, extension officers, farmers, entrepreneurs, processors and exporters,
Demonstration of improved technologies such as use of improved varieties / hybrids, adoption of INM / IPM practices, Hi-tech farming, precision farming, protected cultivation, post harvest technology, etc, and
Follow-on extension support in the field of horticulture.
Promotion of organic cultivation of horticultural crops.
Establishing convergence and synergy among programmes in the field of horticultural research and development.
monitoring of Centrally sponsored programmes in the area of horticulture

National Horticulture Mission

Structure of the National Horticulture Mission

Minister of agriculture is the chairman of this mission and Ministers of Commerce, Health, Finance, Food Processing Industries, Panchayati Raj, Science & Technology, Rural Development, Micro, Small and Medium enterprises are its members.

Covered Components

It works on “Cluster Basis’. This means that the designated authority at the district level would choose a cluster of minimum 100 hectares, seek necessary approval & sanction and utilize the Money under the programme -with the aim of achieving the desired goals.
These goals are achieved by deploying modern and hi-tech interventions and duly ensuring backward and forward linkages. A Cluster, as contemplated in the NHM, comprises area of not less than 100 hectares under a horticulture crop.
The intervention is done in the following components

Plantation Infrastructure and Development-Nurseries, Tissue Culture labs

The support is available for setting up a nursery for producing quality plant material. However, nursery should be minimum with 1 hectare in area.
The mission does not support establish the new Tissue Culture (TC) units.
However, assistance is provided for rehabilitation/ strengthening of existing TC Units subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs.8.00 lakhs in Public sector and Rs.4.00 lakhs for Private sector

Establishment of New Gardens

The farmers can get assistance for 3 years for development of a new garden of a horticulture crop.

Rejuvenation of Old and Senile Orchards

NHM provides support for rejuvenating senile plantations @ 50% of the cost subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs.15, 000/- per ha limited to 2 ha per beneficiary.

Other Support Areas

Integrated Pest Management/Integrated Nutrient Management
Protected Cultivation
Organic Farming
Pollination Support through Bee keeping
Creation of Water Sources
Mechanization
HRD ( such as at Krishi Vigyan Kendra)
Post Harvest Management
Marketing
Primary Processing
Contract Farming
Mushroom Cultivation
Precision Farming

Role of Agencies in the National Horticulture Mission

National Horticulture Board (NHB), Gurgaon: NHB at Gurgaon houses the national level Technology Support Group or TSG.
Directorate of Cashew and Cocoa Development (DCCD), Kochi: Responsible for plantation crops, other than coconut and areca nut.
Directorate of Arecanut and Spices Development (DASD), Calicut: Responsible for areca nut, spices, and aromatic plants.
National Committee on Plasticulture Applications in Horticulture (NCPAH), New Delhi: Responsible for precision farming and hitech horticulture through Precision Farming Development Centres (PFDCs).
Coconut Development Board (CDB), Kochi: Coconut based Intercropping of vegetables etc.
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), New Delhi: Development of AgriExport Zones (AEZ) for horticultural crops.
Directorate of Marketing & Inspection (DMI), New Delhi: Providing market intelligence and monitoring of programmes relating to marketing of horticulture crops.
Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MFPI), New Delhi: Processing of horticultural produce, out of their own budget provision. MFPI will ensure convergence of their schemes with NHM cluster.
National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), New Delhi: Development of medicinal plants in coordination with NHM.
National Horticulture Research & Development Foundation (NHRDF), Nasik: Vegetables and vegetable seeds.

The Special Promotional Programme for Horticulture Development (SPPHD) is a government program in India that aims to promote the development of horticulture. The program was launched in 2005 and is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

The SPPHD has a number of sub-topics, including:

Crop diversification: The program aims to promote the cultivation of high-value crops, such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
Post-harvest management: The program aims to improve the post-harvest handling and storage of horticultural produce.
Marketing: The program aims to improve the marketing of horticultural produce.
Research and development: The program aims to support research and development in horticulture.
Extension: The program aims to provide extension services to farmers.
Infrastructure Development: The program aims to develop infrastructure for horticulture, such as cold storage facilities and processing units.

Crop diversification:

The SPPHD aims to promote the cultivation of high-value crops, such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers. These crops are more profitable than traditional crops, such as rice and wheat. The program provides financial assistance to farmers who switch to cultivating high-value crops. It also provides training and extension services to help farmers improve their cultivation practices.

Post-harvest management:

The SPPHD aims to improve the post-harvest handling and storage of horticultural produce. This includes providing farmers with training on how to harvest and store their produce properly. The program also provides financial assistance to farmers who build cold storage facilities and other post-harvest infrastructure.

Marketing:

The SPPHD aims to improve the marketing of horticultural produce. This includes providing farmers with training on how to market their produce and connect with buyers. The program also provides financial assistance to farmers who build marketing infrastructure, such as cold storage facilities and processing units.

Research and development:

The SPPHD aims to support research and development in horticulture. This includes funding research projects on new horticultural crops, cultivation practices, and post-harvest technologies. The program also provides financial assistance to farmers who adopt new technologies.

Extension:

The SPPHD aims to provide extension services to farmers. This includes providing farmers with training on new cultivation practices, post-harvest technologies, and marketing strategies. The program also provides farmers with access to credit and other financial services.

Infrastructure development:

The SPPHD aims to develop infrastructure for horticulture, such as cold storage facilities and processing units. This includes providing financial assistance to farmers who build cold storage facilities and other post-harvest infrastructure. The program also provides financial assistance to state governments to build roads, bridges, and other infrastructure that is needed to support the development of horticulture.

The SPPHD has been successful in promoting the development of horticulture in India. The program has helped to increase the area under cultivation of horticultural crops, the production of horticultural produce, and the income of farmers. The program has also helped to improve the quality of horticultural produce and the efficiency of the marketing system.

What is horticulture?
Horticulture is the science, art, and practice of growing plants. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, and trees.

What are the benefits of horticulture?
Horticulture has many benefits, both for individuals and for society as a whole. For individuals, horticulture can provide a sense of accomplishment, relaxation, and connection to nature. It can also be a source of food, income, and employment. For society, horticulture can help to improve air quality, reduce crime, and promote social cohesion.

What are some of the challenges facing horticulture?
One of the biggest challenges facing horticulture is the loss of farmland to development. As cities expand, more and more land is being converted to housing, commercial, and industrial use. This loss of farmland makes it more difficult to grow food and other crops.

Another challenge facing horticulture is the changing Climate. Climate Change is causing extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and heat waves. These events can damage crops and make it difficult to grow plants.

What can be done to address the challenges facing horticulture?
There are a number of things that can be done to address the challenges facing horticulture. One is to protect farmland from development. This can be done by zoning laws, conservation easements, and other means.

Another is to adapt to climate change. This can be done by planting drought-tolerant crops, using Drip Irrigation, and other methods.

Finally, we need to educate people about the importance of horticulture. We need to show them how horticulture can benefit them and society as a whole.

What are some of the latest trends in horticulture?
One of the latest trends in horticulture is the use of vertical farming. Vertical farming is a method of growing crops in vertically stacked layers. This method uses less land and water than traditional farming methods.

Another trend is the use of hydroponics. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. Plants are grown in a nutrient-rich solution. This method can be used to grow crops in areas where there is little or no soil.

Finally, there is a growing interest in organic farming. Organic farming is a method of farming that does not use synthetic pesticides or Fertilizers. Organic farming is seen as a more sustainable way to grow food.

What are some of the most important research topics in horticulture?
Some of the most important research topics in horticulture include:

Developing new varieties of crops that are resistant to pests and diseases.
Finding ways to improve the efficiency of water use in agriculture.
Developing new methods of pest control that are environmentally friendly.
Studying the effects of climate change on agriculture.
Educating the public about the importance of horticulture.

Which of the following is not a type of fruit?
(A) Apple
(B) Orange
(C) Vegetable
(D) Grape
Which of the following is not a type of vegetable?
(A) Potato
(B) Tomato
(C) Carrot
(D) Apple
Which of the following is not a type of grain?
(A) Rice
(B) Wheat
(C) Corn
(D) Apple
Which of the following is not a type of legume?
(A) Pea
(B) Bean
(C) Lentil
(D) Apple
Which of the following is not a type of nut?
(A) Walnut
(B) Almond
(C) Peanut
(D) Apple
Which of the following is not a type of seed?
(A) Sunflower seed
(B) Pumpkin seed
(C) Sesame seed
(D) Apple seed
Which of the following is not a type of berry?
(A) Strawberry
(B) Blueberry
(C) Raspberry
(D) Apple
Which of the following is not a type of citrus fruit?
(A) Orange
(B) Lemon
(C) Grapefruit
(D) Apple
Which of the following is not a type of stone fruit?
(A) Peach
(B) Plum
(C) Cherry
(D) Apple
Which of the following is not a type of tropical fruit?
(A) Banana
(B) Mango
(C) Pineapple
(D) Apple