Solis of Goa for Goa PSC

Solis of Goa

“Earth needs to be nurtured with mother’s care because Earth gives everything for sustaining life”

The main types of soils found in the State of Goa are Coastal Alluvial Soil, mixed red and black soil, laterite soil and red sandy soil, which are sub-divided into 32 soil series.
Type of Solis of Goa predominantly includes Laterites (73.4%), Alluvial & Marshy (11.7%), Coastal Sandy soils (10.11%), Saline Soils (4.79%) with soil pH ranging 4.5 -6.5.
The Solis of Goa in general fairly good in organic matter and respond well to the application of N and P Fertilizers.

Soil Types of North Goa

Solis of Goa of the district can be classified into 3 types namely

Laterite soil
Saline soil and
Alluvial soil
Lateritic soil

It is the major soil type in the district.
It is highly porous & permeable, slightly acidic with low pH values, low in organic matter, Calcium and Phosphorus.

Saline soil

It in the district occurs in the flood plains of Zuari and Mandovi rivers in Tiswadi, Bardez and Ponda taluks.
It also occurs in Pernem taluk.
The soil is deep, poorly drained and less permeable. It is saline, high in pH and contains humus and organic matter.

Alluvial soil

It occurs as very thin strip along the coastline towards western part of the district.
It is reddish brown to yellowish, coarse grained and confined to narrow valleys of rivers.
It is well drained, acidic with low pH and organic content.

Soil Type of South Goa

Solis of Goa of the district can be classified into 4 types namely

Laterite soil
Saline soil
Marshy soil
Alluvial soil

Lateritic soil

It is the major soil type in the district.
It is highly porous & permeable, slightly acidic with low pH values, low in organic matter, Calcium and Phosphorus.

Saline soil

It in the district occurs in the flood plains of Zuari, Sal, Saleri, Talpona and Galjibagh rivers in Salcete, Marmugao, Quepem and Canacona taluks.
It also occurs to a very limited extent in Sanguem taluk.
The soil is deep, poorly drained and less permeable.
It is saline, high in pH and contains humus and organic matter.

Marshy soil

It occurs to a large extent in Salcete taluk and towards the western part of Canacona taluk.
It also occurs in Marmugao taluk.
This type of soil occurs in low-lying water logged and tidal affected areas.

Alluvial soil

It occurs as very thin strip along the coastline towards western part of Salcete taluk and also a limited exposure occurs in Canacona taluk.
It is reddish brown to yellowish, coarse grained and confined to narrow valleys of rivers.
It is well drained, acidic with low pH and organic content.

Other Aspects related to Solis of Goa

Related to Salinity Aspects

Salinity is the common soil problem in coastal rice production environments which encompasses 30 % of the net cultivated area of rice grown in Goa State. These lands are locally known as Khazan lands and are characterized by low elevation and high water table.
The soils are deep, heavy textured, silty clay to silty clay loam having heavier sub horizon.
The soil pH is slightly acidic to neutral (6.0-7.0), with electrical conductivity 4 to 15 dS m-1 and organic carbon content 6.3-7.7 g kg-1.
Further, the soil salinity normally exceeds the critical level (> 4 dS m-1) starting from January to June, and then declines through December with the highest magnitude during March – May.

Laterite Solis of Goa(73.4% Area of Goa)

The word laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘Later’ which means brick.
These soils when wet are as soft as butter but become hard and cloddy on drying.
Therefore, these are widely cut as bricks for use in house construction.
Formation:
The lateritic soils are particularly found on high flat erosion surfaces in areas of high(>200cm) and seasonal rainfall.
The alternating wet and dry seasons lead to the leaching away of the siliceous matter of the rocks leaving behind the compounds of iron and aluminium.
These are zonal soils.
Areas: These soils have mainly developed in the higher areas of the Peninsular plateau like in Goa occur around 73%.
Soil Colour: Reddish brown in colour due to the presence of iron oxide.

Other characteristic features:

With rain, lime and silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind (thus the reddish brown colour).
Also, humus content of the soil is removed fast by bacteria that thrives well in high temperature.
These soils represent the end product of decomposition and are generally low in fertility.
The pebbly crust is the important feature of laterites which is formed due to alteration of wet and dry periods.
These soils are acidic in character due to leaching.
Application of manures and fertilisers is required for making these soils fertile for cultivation.
These soils are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate and calcium, while iron oxide and potash are in excess.

Suitable crops: Cashewnut.

Alluvial Solis of Goa (Around 11.7% area of Goa)

Formation: They are mainly derived from the debris brought down from the Himalayas or the silt left out by the retreating sea. Thus they are azonal soils.
Areas: Around 11.7% area of Goa
Soil Texture: The alluvial soils vary in nature from sandy loam to clay.
Soil Colour: The colour of the alluvial soils varies from the Light grey to ash grey depending on the depth of the deposition, the texture of the materials, and the time taken for attaining maturity.
Other Characteristic Features:
These soils lack in nitrogen, phosphorus and humus. However, they are generally rich in potash and lime.
The Soil Profile has no stratification.
Alluvial soils are intensively cultivated.
In certain areas, these soils are covered with unproductive wind-borne soil called Loess.
Limitations:
Allow water to sink into lower strata, and Lack nitrogen (But these soils are capable of fixing nitrogen very rapidly through leguminous crops (peas, beans, cloves etc.)
Suitable Crops: Wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables, leguminous crops but rice grown mainly in Goa.

Goa is a state in western India with coastlines stretching along the Arabian Sea. It’s known for its beaches, ranging from popular stretches at Baga and Palolem to those in laid-back fishing villages such as Agonda. Inland, Goa has tropical forests and Mountains. In the capital, Panaji, landmarks include the Se Cathedral, 16th-century Portuguese Church of St. Francis of Assisi and 18th-century Altinho Palace.

Goa is a former Portuguese colony, and its culture is a blend of Portuguese and Indian influences. The Official Language is Konkani, but Portuguese is also widely spoken. The majority of the Population is Hindu, but there are also significant Christian and Muslim minorities.

Goa is a popular tourist destination, known for its beaches, laid-back Atmosphere and Portuguese colonial architecture. The state is also home to a number of important historical and cultural sites, including the Basilica of Bom Jesus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Goa is a beautiful and diverse state with a rich history and culture. It is a popular tourist destination, and there are many things to see and do in the state. Whether you are interested in history, culture, beaches, or simply want to relax and enjoy the laid-back atmosphere, Goa has something to offer everyone.

History of Goa

Goa was ruled by The Portuguese for over 450 years, from 1510 to 1961. During this time, the Portuguese introduced Christianity to Goa, and the state became a major center of Portuguese culture and Education. The Portuguese also built a number of important historical and cultural sites in Goa, including the Basilica of Bom Jesus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

In 1961, Goa was liberated from Portuguese rule and became an Indian state. Since then, Goa has developed into a popular tourist destination, known for its beaches, laid-back atmosphere and Portuguese colonial architecture.

Geography of Goa

Goa is located in western India, on the Arabian Sea coast. The state is bordered by Maharashtra to the north, Karnataka to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea to the west. Goa has a total area of 3,702 square kilometers (1,430 square miles).

The state is divided into two districts: North Goa and South Goa. The capital of Goa is Panaji, which is located in North Goa district. Other major cities in Goa include Margao, Vasco Da Gama, Mapusa and Calangute.

Goa has a tropical Climate, with hot and humid summers and warm and dry winters. The Average temperature in Goa ranges from 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit) in winter to 32 degrees Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit) in summer.

Culture of Goa

Goa is a multi-cultural state, with a blend of Portuguese and Indian influences. The official language of Goa is Konkani, but Portuguese is also widely spoken. The majority of the population is Hindu, but there are also significant Christian and Muslim minorities.

Goa is known for its laid-back atmosphere and its vibrant culture. The state is home to a number of important festivals, including the Shigmo festival, which is celebrated in the spring, and the Dussehra festival, which is celebrated in the fall.

economy of Goa

Goa is a relatively small state with a population of just over 1.4 million people. The economy of Goa is based on tourism, agriculture, fishing and manufacturing.

Tourism is the main Source Of Income for Goa. The state is home to a number of beautiful beaches, which attract tourists from all over the world. Agriculture is also an important sector of the economy, with rice, cashew nuts and coconuts being the main crops. Fishing is another important Industry in Goa, and the state is home to a number of fishing villages.

Government of Goa

Goa is a state of the Republic of India. The head of state is the President of India, who is represented by the Governor of Goa. The head of government is the Chief Minister of Goa, who is elected by the Legislative Assembly of Goa.

The Legislative Assembly of Goa is a unicameral legislature with 40 members. The members of the Legislative Assembly are elected from single-member constituencies.

The judiciary in Goa is headed by the High Court of Bombay at Goa. The High Court has jurisdiction over the state of Goa and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

Education in Goa

The education system in Goa is based on the Indian education system. The state has a number of government schools and private schools. The medium of instruction in government schools is Konkani, while the medium of instruction in private schools is English.

The state also has a number of higher education institutions, including the Goa University, the Goa Engineering College and the Goa Medical College.

Topic: History of Goa

When was Goa founded?
Goa was founded in 1510 by Afonso de Albuquerque, a Portuguese general.
Who were the first inhabitants of Goa?
The first inhabitants of Goa were the Dravidian people.
What was the Portuguese rule like in Goa?
The Portuguese rule in Goa was oppressive and exploitative. The Portuguese forced the Goans to convert to Christianity and imposed heavy taxes on them.
When did Goa gain independence from Portugal?
Goa gained independence from Portugal on December 19, 1961.
What is the current status of Goa?
Goa is a state of India.

Topic: Culture of Goa

What is the main religion of Goa?
The main religion of Goa is Christianity.
What are some of the popular festivals in Goa?
Some of the popular festivals in Goa are the Shigmo festival, the Feast of St. Francis Xavier, and the Christmas festival.
What is the cuisine of Goa like?
The cuisine of Goa is a fusion of Portuguese and Indian cuisine. Some of the popular dishes of Goa are the vindaloo, the xacuti, and the sorpotel.
What is the dress code in Goa?
The dress code in Goa is casual. However, it is advisable to dress modestly when visiting religious places.

Topic: Economy of Goa

What is the main source of income in Goa?
The main source of income in Goa is tourism.
What are some of the major industries in Goa?
Some of the major industries in Goa are the tourism industry, the fishing industry, and the mining industry.
What is the Unemployment rate in Goa?
The unemployment rate in Goa is around 8%.
What is the Literacy rate in Goa?
The literacy rate in Goa is around 87%.

Topic: Government of Goa

What is the type of government in Goa?
The type of government in Goa is a parliamentary Democracy.
What is the head of state of Goa?
The head of state of Goa is the President of India.
What is the head of government of Goa?
The head of government of Goa is the Chief Minister.
What is the legislative body of Goa?
The legislative body of Goa is the Goa Legislative Assembly.
What is the judicial system of Goa?
The judicial system of Goa is based on the Indian legal system.

Topic: Geography of Goa

What is the location of Goa?
Goa is located on the western coast of India.
What is the area of Goa?
The area of Goa is 3,702 square kilometers.
What is the capital of Goa?
The capital of Goa is Panaji.
What are the major rivers in Goa?
The major rivers in Goa are the Mandovi River, the Zuari River, and the Terekhol River.
What are the major mountains in Goa?
The major mountains in Goa are the Western Ghats.

Topic: Climate of Goa

What is the climate of Goa?
The climate of Goa is tropical. The summers are hot and humid, while the winters are mild.
What is the average temperature in Goa?
The average temperature in Goa is around 27 degrees Celsius.
What is the average rainfall in Goa?
The average rainfall in Goa is around 2,500 millimeters.
What is the best time to visit Goa?
The best time to visit Goa is during the winter months (November to March).

The capital of Goa is:
(a) Panaji
(b) Margao
(c) Vasco da Gama
(d) Mapusa
The official language of Goa is:
(a) Konkani
(b) Marathi
(c) Portuguese
(d) English
The currency of Goa is:
(a) Indian Rupee
(b) Portuguese Escudo
(c) Euro
(d) US Dollar
The population of Goa is:
(a) 1.4 million
(b) 1.5 million
(c) 1.6 million
(d) 1.7 million
The area of Goa is:
(a) 3,702 square kilometers
(b) 3,802 square kilometers
(c) 3,902 square kilometers
(d) 4,002 square kilometers
The literacy rate in Goa is:
(a) 83%
(b) 84%
(c) 85%
(d) 86%
The main religion in Goa is:
(a) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
(b) Christianity
(c) Islam
(d) Buddhism-2/”>Buddhism
The main exports of Goa are:
(a) Iron Ore
(b) Manganese ore
(c) Coal
(d) Fish
The main imports of Goa are:
(a) Petroleum products
(b) Machinery
(c) Vehicles
(d) Food
The main tourist attractions in Goa are:
(a) Beaches
(b) Churches
(c) Forts
(d) Temples
The first Portuguese governor of Goa was:
(a) Afonso de Albuquerque
(b) Francisco De Almeida
(c) Nuno da Cunha
(d) Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
The last Portuguese governor of Goa was:
(a) Vasco da Gama
(b) Afonso de Albuquerque
(c) Francisco Mascarenhas Homem
(d) General Manuel António Vassalo e Silva
Goa became an independent state of India on:
(a) December 19, 1961
(b) December 20, 1961
(c) December 21, 1961
(d) December 22, 1961
The first Chief Minister of Goa was:
(a) Dayanand Bandodkar
(b) Kashinath Dhavalikar
(c) Pratapsingh Rane
(d) Manohar Parrikar
The current Chief Minister of Goa is:
(a) Pramod Sawant
(b) Vishwajit Rane
(c) Digambar Kamat
(d) Laxmikant Parsekar
The flag of Goa is:
(a) Green with a yellow lotus in the center
(b) Yellow with a green lotus in the center
(c) Red with a white lotus in the center
(d) Blue with a white lotus in the center
The anthem of Goa is:
(a) “Goa, Our Goa”
(b) “Majha Gomantak”
(c) “Goa, My Goa”
(d) “Goa, Our Home”
The motto of Goa is:
(a) “Pro Deo et Patria”
(b) “In Hoc Signo Vinces”
(c) “For God and Country”
(d) “In This Sign, You Shall Conquer”
The state bird of Goa is:
(a) The Great Hornbill
(b) The Red-whiskered Bulbul
(c) The Peregrine Falcon
(d) The Indian Pond Heron
The state flower of Goa is:
(a) The Lotus
(b) The Jasmine
(c) The Rose
(d) The Orchid
The state tree of Goa is:
(a) The Coconut Palm
(b) The Mango Tree
(c) The Banyan Tree
(d) The Peepal Tree
The state animal of Goa is:
(a) The Tiger
(b) The Leopard
(c) The Elephant
(d) The Wild Boar
The state fish of Goa is:
(a) The Pomfret
(b) The Hilsa
(c) The Mackerel
(d) The Tuna
The state insect of