Social and Religious reform movements in the 19th and 20th century. For Ras RTS Mains and Ras RTS Prelims Exam

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Rajaram Mohan Roy :-Laid Stress on the study of English & established the Hindu College in Calcutta
alongwith David Hare.

Maharishi Devendranath Tagore :-The grandfather of Rabindranath Tagore. He inspired a number of thinkers like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar & Akshay Kumar Datta who became Brahmo Samaj  members. He din’t perform his fathers antyeshti samskara as it involved idol  worship.

Keshav Chandra Sen He was greatly inspired with the lives of John the Baptist, Jesus Christ & hence he came in confrontation with Devendranath Tagore. Consequently the Brahmo Samaj was split into the Brahmo Samaj of India under him & Adi Brahmo Samaj under  Devendranath. He opposed child marriage but married her own minor daughter to  Maharaja of Cooch-Behar. Hence there was a further split into Neo Brahmo Samaj under him & Sadharan Brahmo Samaj

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:-Became principal of Sanskrit college in Calcutta. Opened the Sanskrit college for
non Brahmin students. He founded ‘Bethune School at Calcutta’ to encourage female Education.

Bankim Chandra:- First graduate of Calcutta University which was estd in 1857 based on the lines of  Macaulay Minute. He became a deputy collector. Wrote the famous Bande Matram (Anand Math) & published Banga Darshan magazine.

Ramakrishna Paramhamsa (1836-86) Became a priest in the temple of Goddess Kali at Dakshineshwar.

Swami Vivekanand(1863-1902):-In 1893 he attened the Parliament of Religions at Chicago. In 1897 he established the Ramakrishna Mission. His disciple, Sister Nivedita even helped many revolutionaries from Bengal directly.

Swami Dayananda 1824-83:-Known in early life as Mul Shankar & born in Gujarat. Received his education at
the feet of Swami Virajananda at Mathura. Founded Arya Samaj in 1875 based on a set of 28 principles (later 10). He estd the HQ of Arya Samaj at Lahore. Passed away on Diwali at Jodhpur following the mixing of glass powder in his drink. Through his Satyartha Prakasha he emphasized Vedas. He laid emphasis on the worship of a formless god & abandonment of idolatory. He emphasized on Ashrama system of education. He stressed on swadeshi, swadharma, swabhasha & swarajya. He considered Vedas as infallible.

Jyotibha Phule :-In 1873 he founded Satya Shodhak Samaj. Gave testimony before Hunter Commission against Christian missionaries. Later given the title ‘Mahatma’.

Sayyid Ahmad Khan:-In 1875 founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh which later
became Aligarh University. Opposed polygamy, purdah, abolition of the practice of  easy divorce, reform in madrasa.

  • The socio-religious reforms are also referred to as the Indian renaissance
  • The socio-cultural regeneration in nineteenth century India was occasioned by the colonial presence, but not created by it.
  • Formation of the Brahmo Samaj in 1828.
  • Paramhansa Mandali, Prathna Samaj, Arya Samaj, Kayasth Sabha: UP, Sarin Sabha: Punjab, Satya Sodhak Samaj: Maharashtra, Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Sabha: Kerala
  • Ahmadiya and Aligarh Movements: Muslims, Singh Sabha: Sikhs, Rehnumai Mazdeyasan Sabha: Parsees
  • Their attention was focused on worldly existence.
  • The idea of otherworldliness and salvation were not a part of their agenda.
  • At that time the influence of religion and superstition was overwhelming. Position of priests strong; that of Women weak.
  • Caste was another debilitating factor
  • Neither a revival of the past nor a total break with tradition was contemplated.
  • Rationalism and religious universalism influenced the reform movement.
  •  Development of universalistic perspective on religion
  • Lex Loci Act propsed in 1845 and passed in 1850 provided the right to inherit ancestral property to Hindu converts to Christianity.
  • The culture faced a threat from the colonial rule.

 

 

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Social and Religious reform movements in the 19th and 20th century were a series of movements that sought to improve the lives of people in India. These movements were often led by educated Indians who were inspired by Western ideas of social reform.

Some of the most important social and religious reform movements in India include the Brahmo Samaj, the Arya Samaj, and the Prarthana Samaj. These movements sought to reform Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism and make it more compatible with modern life. They also worked to improve the status of women and other marginalized groups in Society/”>Indian Society.

The Brahmo Samaj was founded in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. The Brahmo Samaj was a reformist movement that sought to purify Hinduism and make it more compatible with modern life. The Brahmo Samaj also worked to improve the status of women and other marginalized groups in Indian society.

The Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 by Swami Dayananda Saraswati. The Arya Samaj was a reformist movement that sought to revive the Vedic religion and make it more relevant to modern life. The Arya Samaj also worked to improve the status of women and other marginalized groups in Indian society.

The Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 by Mahadev Govind Ranade. The Prarthana Samaj was a reformist movement that sought to reform Hinduism and make it more compatible with modern life. The Prarthana Samaj also worked to improve the status of women and other marginalized groups in Indian society.

The social and religious reform movements of the 19th and 20th century had a significant impact on Indian society. These movements helped to improve the lives of millions of Indians and made India a more modern and progressive country.

Here are some frequently asked questions about social and religious reform movements in the 19th and 20th century:

  1. What were the main goals of social and religious reform movements in India?

The main goals of social and religious reform movements in India were to improve the lives of people in India, to reform Hinduism and make it more compatible with modern life, and to improve the status of women and other marginalized groups in Indian society.

  1. Who were some of the most important leaders of social and religious reform movements in India?

Some of the most important leaders of social and religious reform movements in India include Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, and Mahadev Govind Ranade.

  1. What were some of the key achievements of social and religious reform movements in India?

Some of the key achievements of social and religious reform movements in India include the abolition of sati, the improvement of the status of women, and the promotion of education for all.

  1. What were some of the challenges faced by social and religious reform movements in India?

Some of the challenges faced by social and religious reform movements in India include opposition from conservative Elements in society, lack of Resources, and the slow pace of change.

  1. What is the legacy of social and religious reform movements in India?

The legacy of social and religious reform movements in India is a positive one. These movements helped to improve the lives of millions of Indians and made India a more modern and progressive country.

  1. Which of the following is not a social reform movement of the 19th century?
    (A) The Brahmo Samaj
    (B) The Arya Samaj
    (C) The Theosophical Society
    (D) The Ramakrishna Mission

  2. Which of the following is not a religious reform movement of the 19th century?
    (A) The Wahhabi Movement
    (B) The Deobandi Movement
    (C) The Aligarh Movement
    (D) The Arya Samaj

  3. Who was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj?
    (A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
    (B) Swami Vivekananda
    (C) Keshab Chandra Sen
    (D) Dayanand Saraswati

  4. Who was the founder of the Arya Samaj?
    (A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
    (B) Swami Vivekananda
    (C) Keshab Chandra Sen
    (D) Dayanand Saraswati

  5. Who was the founder of the Theosophical Society?
    (A) Helena Blavatsky
    (B) Annie Besant
    (C) C.W. Leadbeater
    (D) H.P. Blavatsky

  6. Who was the founder of the Ramakrishna Mission?
    (A) Swami Vivekananda
    (B) Keshab Chandra Sen
    (C) Dayanand Saraswati
    (D) Sri Ramakrishna

  7. The Brahmo Samaj was founded in the year
    (A) 1828
    (B) 1830
    (C) 1833
    (D) 1836

  8. The Arya Samaj was founded in the year
    (A) 1828
    (B) 1830
    (C) 1833
    (D) 1836

  9. The Theosophical Society was founded in the year
    (A) 1875
    (B) 1877
    (C) 1879
    (D) 1881

  10. The Ramakrishna Mission was founded in the year
    (A) 1887
    (B) 1889
    (C) 1891
    (D) 1893

  11. The main objective of the Brahmo Samaj was to
    (A) reform Hinduism
    (B) promote education
    (C) fight against social evils
    (D) all of the above

  12. The main objective of the Arya Samaj was to
    (A) reform Hinduism
    (B) promote education
    (C) fight against social evils
    (D) all of the above

  13. The main objective of the Theosophical Society was to
    (A) promote the study of comparative religion
    (B) promote the study of ancient wisdom
    (C) promote the study of the occult
    (D) all of the above

  14. The main objective of the Ramakrishna Mission was to
    (A) spread the message of Sri Ramakrishna
    (B) serve the poor and the needy
    (C) promote education
    (D) all of the above

  15. The Brahmo Samaj had a significant impact on the development of Indian society in the 19th century. It helped to promote education, social reform, and religious Tolerance.

  16. The Arya Samaj also had a significant impact on the development of Indian society in the 19th century. It helped to promote education, social reform, and Hindu revivalism.

  17. The Theosophical Society had a significant impact on the development of Indian society in the 19th century. It helped to promote the study of comparative religion, ancient wisdom, and the occult.

  18. The Ramakrishna Mission had a significant impact on the development of Indian society in the 19th century. It helped to spread the message of Sri Ramakrishna, serve the poor and the needy, and promote education.