<–2/”>a >The United Nations Organisation (UNO) is the global international organisation of sovereign independent states. It was established on 24 October 1945. The destruction caused by the Second World War and failure of the League of nations compelled the people to establish an international organisation for keeping the world away from war and in favour of friendship and cooperation among all the nations. The UNO was designed to save the future generations from the scourge of war by promoting International peace and security.The United Nations Organisation came into existence in 1945 when the representatives of 51 nations signed the Charter of the UNO at San Francisco.
All nations pledged themselves to the UN Charter. In the UN Charter they pledged “to save the succeeding generations from the scourage of war” They also promised to “promote social progress and better standards of life.” The Charter came into force on October 24, 1945 after a majority of the signatories deposited their instruments of ratification. Since then every year, 24th October is celebrated as the United Nations Day.
The UN Charter:
The Charter is the Constitution of the United Nations Organisation. It was made in October 1944 by the Dumbarton Oaks (Washington DC) Conference. It lays down the rules which govern the organisation and functions of the UNO and all its organs. The Charter has a Preamble, 19 Chapters and 111 Articles which explain the purposes, principles, organs, and operating methods of the UN.
(A) Purposes of the UTS:The purposes of the UN are defined in ARTICLE 1 of the UN Charter.
- To maintain international peace and security and to take adequate steps to avert wars.
- To develop friendly relations among nations on the basis of Equality.
- To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character.
- To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.
The Charter of UN establishes six principle UN organs.These are:
- The UN General Assembly:The General Assembly is the highest deliberative organ of the UN. It is also called the World Parliament of Nations. Each member state sends five representatives to it but each state has only one vote. The session of the General Assembly is convened on third Tuesday in the month of September every year.The opening day of the session stands designated as the International Day of Peace. The UN General Assembly holds deliberations on all issues which are related to the Charter of the United Nations. It also approves the annual budget of the UN. It’s headquarter is located at New York (the USA).
- The UN Security Council:The Security Council is the executive body of the UN. It is called “the Power House” of the UN. It is made up of 15 members out of whom 5 are permanent members, each with a veto power. These are the USA, Russia, China, France and United Kingdom. Remaining 10 are non-permanent members who are elected by the General Assembly by a 2/3 majority for a term of two years.The decisions of the Security Council are taken by a majority and vote but each of its five permanent members has the right to veto its decisions. Under the “uniting for peace resolution” adopted in November 1950, the UN General Assembly can direct the Security Council to act for meeting any threat to international peace by taking collective security action against aggression. The Security Council is a powerful organ of the UN. It’s headquarter is located at New York in USA. India now wants to become a permanent member of the UN Security Council.
- The Economic and Social Council: The Economic and Social Council has 54 members, they are elected by the UN General Assembly for a term of three years. One-third members (18) out of these retire every year and in their place new members are elected. This Council helps the UN in solving the economic and social problems of the world. It also supervises the work of some other UN bodies. It’s headquarter is located at New York in the USA.
- The Trusteeship Council: The Trusteeship Council supervises the administration of those backward and disputed territories, the responsibility for the development of which has been taken over by the UNO. Apart from the permanent members of the Security Council, the administering countries of the trust territories are its members. These are elected for three years by the UN General Assembly the Trusteeship Council monitors the development of trust territories.
- The Justice/”>International Court of Justice (ICJ): It is the chief judicial body of the UN. It is also called “the World Court.” It consists of 15 judges who are elected by the General Assembly on the recommendations of the UN Security Council; each judge of ICJ holds a tenure of 9 years. It’s one third judges retire after three years and in their place new judges are elected. The International Court of Justice gives its verdict on such disputes/cases which are brought to it by the concerned states by their mutual Consent. It gives advisory opinion on legal matters to the organs and special agencies of the UN when solicited. It’s headquarter is located at The Hague (Netherlands).
- The UN Secretariat: Secretariat is the administrative organ of the UN. It implements the policies and decisions taken up by organs of the UN. It consists of international civil servants who, while serving the UN, must forget their national loyalties and work for securing the interests of the UN. There are about 4000 employees of the UN Secretariat. Their salaries are paid by the UN. The Secretariat General is the head of the Secretariat. He is called the “Watchdog of the UN”. He is appointed for a term of 5 year by the UN General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. At present. Mr. Ban Ki Moon is the UN Secretary General.
Specialized Agencies of the UN:
The Specialised Agencies of the UN have been playing a significant role in implementing the policies, decisions and programmes of the UN. These are looking after specific areas and issues like research, Health, labour, trade, culture, Human Rights etc. Some of the important specialized agencies of the UN are: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), World Labour Organisation (WLO), World Health Organisation (WHO), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), UN International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF), UN Environment Programme (UNEP), and others
Role of the United Nations:
To maintain international peace and security has been the prime responsibility of the UN. During about 64 years of its existence, it has done a valuable work in this direction. It has done a fairly good amount of work in the settlement of several controversies, which could have posed serious threats to the world peace. Along with it, the UN has contributed greatly in the field of decolonization, human rights, disarmament.
However, the UN has several weaknesses and limitations:
(i) It lacks adequate funds to meet all its objectives.
(ii) The veto power of the five permanent members of the Security Council has virtually left this powerful UN organ at the mercy of “Big-Five” ie USA, UK, Russia France and China. Hence, the need is to reform the UN system from within and outside.
(iii) The urgent need is to democratize the UN. Democracy and transparency must characterize the Working of all the organs of the UN. The Security Council needs to be expanded and restructured. Almost all countries now advocate the need for an increase in the permanent and non-permanent members of the UN Security Council.There has been a big increase in the members of the UN. As such, the UN Security Council needs an expansion for giving due representation to all continents and major powers of the world.
(iv) The issue of Veto Power needs to be debated and amended.
(v) The General Assembly should be made stronger. It should be turned into a forum for consensus on important global issues.
(vi) The voice of the smaller nations should carry equal weight in all UN decisions.
(vii) The rules and practices of the UN institutions need reform in the Light of past experience.
(viii) The organisation and the functioning of the Economic and Social Council and the Secretariat demand a complete over-hauling.
(ix) The UN peacekeeping role needs to be restructured technically and financially.
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The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, Climate change, Sustainable Development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, Gender Equality, governance, food production, and more.
The UN is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its Member States. The assessed contributions are based on the UN scale of assessments, which is determined by each Member State’s economic strength. The voluntary contributions are made by Member States and other donors to support specific UN programmes and activities.
The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat. The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the UN. It is composed of all Member States and meets in regular sessions every year. The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, five of which are permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 of which are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. The Economic and Social Council is responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. It has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms. The Trusteeship Council was established to oversee the administration of trust territories, which were territories that were not self-governing and were placed under the administration of a UN Member State. The Trusteeship Council completed its work in 1994, when the last trust territory, Palau, gained independence. The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the UN. It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN organs and specialized agencies. The Secretariat is the UN’s administrative organ. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
The UN also has a number of specialized agencies, which are autonomous organizations that work with the UN to achieve its goals. These agencies include the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and the Food and agriculture Organization.
The UN has played a significant role in promoting peace and security, development, human rights, and the Rule of Law around the world. It has also provided humanitarian assistance to millions of people in need. The UN is a unique organization that has brought together the world’s nations to work together to address the challenges of the 21st century.
The UN has been criticized for its Bureaucracy, its lack of effectiveness, and its inability to prevent or stop major conflicts. However, the UN remains the only global organization with the potential to address the world’s most pressing problems. The UN is a work in progress, but it is an essential part of the international system.
The UN is facing a number of challenges in the 21st century, including the Rise of Nationalism and populism, the threat of terrorism, the spread of nuclear weapons, and the climate crisis. However, the UN is also making progress in addressing these challenges. For example, the UN has helped to broker peace agreements in several countries, it has provided humanitarian assistance to millions of people in need, and it has played a leading role in the fight against Climate Change.
The UN is a vital organization that is essential to the maintenance of international peace and security. The UN is facing a number of challenges, but it is also making progress in addressing these challenges. The UN is a work in progress, but it is an essential part of the international system.
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more.
The UN System is made up of the UN itself and a family of specialized agencies, funds and programmes. The UN System works on a wide range of fundamental issues, from sustainable development, environment and refugees protection, disaster relief, counter terrorism, disarmament and non-proliferation, to promoting democracy, human rights, gender equality and the advancement of Women, governance, economic and social development and international health, clearing landmines, expanding food production, and more, in order to achieve its goals and coordinate efforts for a safer world for this and future generations.
The UN is governed by the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. The UN System also includes a number of specialized agencies, funds and programmes, such as the World Bank Group, the International Monetary Fund, the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
The UN has played a significant role in the world since its founding. It has helped to prevent or resolve conflicts, promote Economic Development, and protect human rights. The UN has also provided humanitarian assistance to millions of people around the world.
The UN is not without its critics. Some people argue that the UN is too bureaucratic and inefficient. Others argue that the UN is not effective in preventing or resolving conflicts. However, the UN remains an important institution in the world today. It is the only organization that has the ability to bring together countries from all over the world to work together on common problems.
The UN has been involved in a number of peacekeeping operations around the world. These operations have helped to prevent or resolve conflicts, and to protect civilians. The UN has also provided humanitarian assistance to millions of people affected by conflict.
The UN has also been involved in a number of development projects around the world. These projects have helped to improve the lives of millions of people by providing them with access to Education, healthcare, and other essential Services.
The UN has also been involved in a number of human rights initiatives. These initiatives have helped to promote and protect human rights around the world.
The UN is a complex organization with a wide range of responsibilities. It is not always effective, but it remains an important institution in the world today.
The UN has been criticized for a number of reasons. Some people argue that the UN is too bureaucratic and inefficient. Others argue that the UN is not effective in preventing or resolving conflicts. Still others argue that the UN is not democratic enough.
Despite these criticisms, the UN remains an important institution in the world today. It is the only organization that has the ability to bring together countries from all over the world to work together on common problems. The UN has played a significant role in the world since its founding, and it is likely to continue to play an important role in the years to come.
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more.
The UN System is made up of the UN itself and a family of specialized agencies, funds and programmes. The UN System works to achieve its goals through a range of activities, including:
- Peacekeeping and peacebuilding: The UN maintains international peace and security by deploying peacekeepers to conflict zones, supporting peacebuilding efforts, and working to prevent conflict.
- Development: The UN works to promote sustainable development by providing financial and technical assistance to developing countries, and by supporting efforts to eradicate POVERTY, improve health, education, and gender equality.
- Human rights: The UN promotes and protects human rights by monitoring human rights abuses, providing technical assistance to governments, and advocating for the rights of all people.
- Humanitarian assistance: The UN provides humanitarian assistance to people affected by natural disasters, armed conflict, and other crises.
- Disarmament: The UN works to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, and to promote disarmament and non-proliferation.
- Counter-terrorism: The UN works to prevent and combat terrorism by strengthening international cooperation, supporting national counter-terrorism efforts, and promoting the rule of law.
- Gender equality: The UN promotes gender equality and the Empowerment of women by supporting national efforts, advocating for women’s rights, and monitoring progress.
- Governance: The UN works to improve governance by supporting democratic institutions, promoting the rule of law, and combating Corruption.
- Food production: The UN works to improve Food Security by increasing agricultural productivity, promoting Sustainable Agriculture, and reducing hunger and Malnutrition.
- Health: The UN works to improve health by providing health care, promoting healthy lifestyles, and combating diseases.
- Education: The UN works to improve education by providing education to all children, promoting Literacy and numeracy, and supporting lifelong Learning.
The UN is funded by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. The assessed contributions are based on a scale of assessments that is determined by each member state’s share of the world’s gross NATIONAL INCOME. The voluntary contributions are made by member states, as well as by non-governmental organizations, foundations, and individuals.
The UN is governed by the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the UN. It is made up of all member states, and each state has one vote. The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, including five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 non-permanent members elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. The Economic and Social Council is responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. It has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms. The Trusteeship Council was established to oversee the administration of trust territories, which were territories that were not self-governing and were placed under the administration of a UN member state. The Trusteeship Council completed its work in 1994, when the last trust territory, Palau, became independent. The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the UN. It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN organs and specialized agencies. The UN Secretariat is the administrative organ of the UN. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
The UN has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize four times, in 1950, 1988, 2001, and 2002. The Nobel Committee has praised the UN for its work in promoting peace, human rights, and development.
The UN is a unique organization that has made a significant contribution to international peace and security, development, and human rights. It is a forum for dialogue and cooperation among member states, and it provides a range of services and programs to help countries achieve their development goals. The UN is an essential part of the international system, and it plays a vital role in addressing the challenges of the 21st century.
Here are some MCQs on the role and impact of the UN and different world organizations:
- The United Nations was founded in: