Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir

by

Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir

Drainage Systems

Drainage systems, also known as river systems, are the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. They are governed by the topography of the land, whether a particular region is dominated by hard or soft rocks, and the gradient of the land.

  • The State of J&K is considered as a paradise on earth with ample water reRivers of Jammu and Kashmirsources such as lakes, rivers, and Glaciers besides groundwater.
  • The main rivers that flow through the State are Jhelum, Chenab, Indus and Tawi and are of Himalayan origin.
  • The other great rivers that originate from glaciers in the Himalayan region are the Ganges and the Yamuna. Important lakes in the J&K region are Manasabal Lake, Dal Lake, Nageen Lake and the Wular Lake. There are 1230 water bodies in the State.

Given below is a list of the major Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir:

  1. Chenab River
  2. Doda River
  3. Dras River
  4. Indus River
  5. Jhelum River
  6. Markha River
  7. Neelum River
  8. Nubra River
  9. Ravi River
  10. Shingo River
  11. Shyok River
  12. Suru River (Indus)
  13. Tawi River
  14. Tsarap River
  15. Yapola River
  16. Zanskar River

Following are some of the major Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir:

Jhelum

  • The river Jhelum is commonly known as ‘The Veth’.
  • The river flows throughout the length of the valley.
  • This river flows as a muddy stream and is a famous tourist attraction, especially the nine old brides that have been made over it all along in the Srinagar city.
  • The source of this famous river is Verinag spring in district Anantnag.
  • In the Valley of Kashmir this river has a length of about 203 kms.
  • After passing through Srinagar it flows into the Wular Lake, which is regarded as its delta and then passing through Baramulla and Uri, it flows to Pakistan.
  • Srinagar, Anantnag and Baramulla cities are situated on both sides of this river.
  • Most of the electricity generated in Kashmir Valley is generated by the Hydel projects constructed on this river.

Indus

  • The Indus River originates at the confluence of the Sind River & the Gar River, which is Mansaror Lake in Tibet.
  • This river takes a lengthy and tortuous course and passes through the Kashmir region.
  • It is the longest river in the subcontinent. While it is about 3500 kms long, 1500 km of it flows through Jammu and Kashmir.
  • The river is excellent for those interested in water rafting.
  • The river banks are flanked by steep hills that have pine and deodar vegetation.
  • The Indus River flows in between the Ladakh range and the Zanskar range.
  • Indus has numerous tributaries, principal among them are Gilgit River, Gumal River and Kabul River.

The branches or tributaries of the Indus River are as follows:

  1. Astor River
  2. Nagar River
  3. Dras River
  4. Balram River
  5. Ghizar River
  6. Gar River
  7. Gumal River
  8. Gilgit River
  9. Kurram River
  10. Kabul River
  11. Shigar River
  12. Panjnad River
  13. Sohan River
  14. Shyok River
  15. Zanskar River
  16. Tanubal River

Shyok River 

  • This river runs across the northern areas of Ladakh and some parts of Pakistan (Ghanghche district) for approximately 340 miles or 550 km.
  • It is a major branch of the Indus River.
  • The source of the Shyok River is the Rimo glacier.
  • Major tributaries of the Shyok River are as follows:
  1. The Galwan River
  2. The Chang Chen Mo River
  3. The Saltoro River
  4. The Nubra River

 

Chenab

  • The merging of two Himalayan rivers forms the river Chenab.
  • These are the Chandra River & the Bhaga River.
  • Thus, the river Chenab is popularly known as the Chandrabhaga.
  • Chenab river is also well known for its historical importance.
  • This river enters J&K near Paddar at Kishtwar.
  • The river Wadwan joins it near Akhnoor.
  • It enters the plains of Jammu and then enters into Pakistan.
  • Rambir and Partap canal takes off from Chenab near Akhnoor as a result of which thousands of Kanals of agricultural land in Jammu are irrigated.
  • Salal, Dulhasiti, Sawalkot and Baghilar Hydel power projects are located on this river.

Kishan Ganga

  • This river is famous for its ice-cold water and trout Fish.
  • Kishan Ganga River is in Drass (Kargil) in inner Himalayas.
  • After passing through the mountain tracks of Gurez, Keran and Karnah, Kishan Ganga joins the Jhelum at Doemel. Kishan Ganga hydro-electric Project is situated on this river.

Tawi

  • The source of Tawi is the Kailash Kund Spring at Soej hills in Bhaderwah.
  • After flowing through the Chennani and Udhampur, Tawi passes through Jammu and joins the Chenab in Ranbir Singh Pora and then enters Pakistan.
  • Chennani hydro electric power project constructed on River Tawi has a capacity to generate 23 MW of power.

Tsarap River

  • The Tsarap River is a major river in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Also known as Tsarap Chu, it runs across the Zanskar area in Ladakh.

Yapola River

  • The Yapola River is also named the Wanla River.
  • It is a river in the Ladakh region of the state & pours into the Indus River at Lamayuru.

Zanskar River

  • The Zanskar River is a tributary of the Indus River.
  • It runs to the north of the Indus and it has two principal branches.
  • The first branch is known as the Doda River and the second branch is created by the Kargyag River and Tsarap River.
  • The river is an ideal location for river rafting tours.

Ravi

  • Ravi is a Trans boundary river flowing through northwestern India and Northeastern Pakistan.
  • After the partition of India in 1947, the waters of River Ravi alongwith five other rivers of the Indus system (Beas, Sutlej, Chenab, Jhelum and Indus) keep India and Pakistan under the Indus Water Treaty and form the headquarters of Indus Basin.
  • The river drains a total catchment area of 14442 sq kms in India after flowing for a length of 720 kms.
  • A major tributary that joins Ravi is Siawa near Basholi in the State.
  • Ujh River is another major tributary of Ravi and its source is located in the Kailash Mountains at an elevation of 14,100 ft close to Bhaderwah Mountains of the State. After flowing for 100 kms stretch, it joins Ravi at Nainkot in Pakistan.
  • It flows along the Indo-Pak border for about 80 kms, before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab.
  • The major multipurpose project built on this river is Ranjit Sagar Dam at Thein village.
  • The left bank of Ravi is in Punjab and the right bank is in J&K State.

 ,

Jammu and Kashmir is a state in India that is located in the northwestern part of the country. It is bordered by Pakistan to the west, China to the north, and the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the east. The state has a Population of over 12 million people and is divided into two regions: Jammu and Kashmir.

The Jammu region is located in the south of the state and is home to the majority of the population. The Kashmir region is located in the north of the state and is known for its beautiful lakes and mountains.

The Chenab River is the longest river in Jammu and Kashmir. It originates in the Himalayas and flows through the state before joining the Indus River in Pakistan. The Jhelum River is another important river in the state. It originates in the Pir Panjal Range and flows through the Kashmir Valley before joining the Chenab River.

The Indus River is the third-longest river in Asia. It originates in the Himalayas and flows through Jammu and Kashmir before entering Pakistan. The Ravi River is another important river in the state. It originates in the Himalayas and flows through the Jammu region before joining the Chenab River.

The Tawi River is the largest river in the Jammu region. It originates in the Pir Panjal Range and flows through the Jammu city before joining the Chenab River. The Lidder River is a tributary of the Jhelum River. It originates in the Pir Panjal Range and flows through the Kashmir Valley.

The Suru River is a tributary of the Indus River. It originates in the Himalayas and flows through the Ladakh region. The Zanskar River is a tributary of the Indus River. It originates in the Himalayas and flows through the Zanskar Valley. The Nubra River is a tributary of the Shyok River. It originates in the Karakoram Range and flows through the Nubra Valley.

The Shyok River is a tributary of the Indus River. It originates in the Karakoram Range and flows through the Ladakh region. The Dras River is a tributary of the Indus River. It originates in the Himalayas and flows through the Dras Valley. The Kishenganga River is a tributary of the Jhelum River. It originates in the Himalayas and flows through the Kashmir Valley.

The Wular Lake is the largest lake in Jammu and Kashmir. It is located in the Kashmir Valley. The Dal Lake is another important lake in the state. It is located in the Srinagar city. The Anchar Lake is a tributary of the Jhelum River. It is located in the Anantnag district.

The Manasbal Lake is a tributary of the Jhelum River. It is located in the Ganderbal district. The Tarsar Lake is a tributary of the Lidder River. It is located in the Ganderbal district. The Marsar Lake is a tributary of the Lidder River. It is located in the Ganderbal district.

The Sheshnag Lake is a tributary of the Lidder River. It is located in the Ganderbal district. The Gangabal Lake is a tributary of the Jhelum River. It is located in the Ganderbal district. The Nun Kun Lake is a tributary of the Zanskar River. It is located in the Ladakh region.

The Kolahoi Lake is a tributary of the Suru River. It is located in the Ladakh region. The Indrasar Lake is a tributary of the Suru River. It is located in the Ladakh region. The Surinsar Lake is a tributary of the Tawi River. It is located in the Jammu district.

The Sanasar Lake is a tributary of the Tawi River. It is located in the Udhampur district. The Pangong Tso is a lake located in the Ladakh region. It is the second-largest lake in Jammu and Kashmir. The Tso Moriri is a lake located in the Ladakh region. It is the third-largest lake in Jammu and Kashmir.

The Tso Kar is a lake located in the Ladakh region. It is the fourth-largest lake in Jammu and Kashmir. The Tso Changthang is a lake located in the Ladakh region. It is the fifth-largest lake in Jammu and Kashmir.

The rivers and lakes of Jammu and Kashmir are important for the state’s economy and Environment. The rivers provide water for Irrigation, drinking, and hydroelectric power. The lakes are popular tourist destinations.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about rivers:

  1. What is a river?
    A river is a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another river.

  2. What are the different types of rivers?
    There are three main types of rivers: perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral. Perennial rivers flow year-round, while intermittent rivers flow only during certain times of the year, and ephemeral rivers flow only after heavy rains.

  3. What are the characteristics of a river?
    The characteristics of a river include its discharge, velocity, depth, width, and gradient. Discharge is the volume of water flowing through a river per unit of time. Velocity is the speed at which water flows in a river. Depth is the vertical distance from the surface of the water to the bottom of the river. Width is the horizontal distance from one bank of the river to the other. Gradient is the slope of the riverbed.

  4. What are the benefits of rivers?
    Rivers provide many benefits, including water for drinking, irrigation, and Industry; transportation; recreation; and flood control.

  5. What are the threats to rivers?
    The main threats to rivers are pollution, Dams, and Climate change. Pollution can come from a variety of sources, including agriculture, industry, and sewage. Dams can block the flow of water and disrupt the natural ecosystem of a river. Climate Change can cause changes in Precipitation patterns, which can lead to flooding or drought.

  6. What are we doing to protect rivers?
    There are many things we can do to protect rivers, including reducing pollution, removing dams, and restoring wetlands. We can also educate people about the importance of rivers and encourage them to get involved in river conservation.

  7. What is the future of rivers?
    The future of rivers depends on the actions we take to protect them. If we continue to pollute and destroy rivers, they will eventually become unusable. However, if we take steps to protect them, they can continue to provide us with many benefits for many years to come.

Here are some MCQs about rivers:

  1. Which of the following is the longest river in the world?
    (A) The Nile
    (B) The Amazon
    (C) The Yangtze
    (D) The Mississippi

  2. Which of the following is the largest river in North America?
    (A) The Mississippi
    (B) The Missouri
    (C) The Rio Grande
    (D) The Yukon

  3. Which of the following is the largest river in South America?
    (A) The Amazon
    (B) The Orinoco
    (C) The Paraná
    (D) The Río de la Plata

  4. Which of the following is the largest river in Africa?
    (A) The Nile
    (B) The Congo
    (C) The Niger
    (D) The Zambezi

  5. Which of the following is the largest river in Asia?
    (A) The Yangtze
    (B) The Yellow River
    (C) The Ganges
    (D) The Brahmaputra

  6. Which of the following is the largest river in Europe?
    (A) The Volga
    (B) The Danube
    (C) The Rhine
    (D) The Elbe

  7. Which of the following is the largest river in Australia?
    (A) The Murray-Darling
    (B) The Finke
    (C) The Diamantina
    (D) The Victoria

  8. Which of the following is the largest river in Antarctica?
    (A) The Onyx River
    (B) The Lambert Glacier
    (C) The Ferrar Glacier
    (D) The Ross Ice Shelf

  9. Which of the following is the largest river in Greenland?
    (A) The Igdlorssuaq River
    (B) The Avannaata River
    (C) The Kangerlussuaq River
    (D) The Sermersooq River

  10. Which of the following is the largest river in Iceland?
    (A) The Þjórsá
    (B) The Jökulsá á Fjöllum
    (C) The Skjálfandafljót
    (D) The Hvítá