Revolutionary Terrorism

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  • Revolutionary young men did not try to generate a mass revolution. Instead they followed the strategy of assassinating unpopular officials
  • 1904: VD Savarkar organized Abhinav Bharat
  • Newspapers like The Sandhya and Yugaantar in Bengal and the Kal in Maharashtra advocated revolutionary ideology
  • Kingsford Incident: In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki threw bomb at a carriage they believed was carrying Kingsford, the unpopular judge of Muzaffarpur.
  • Anushilan Samiti threw a bomb at the Viceroy Lord Hardinge
  • Centres abroad
    • In London: led by VD Savarkar, Shyamaji Krishnavarma and Har Dayal
    • In Europe: Madam Cama and Ajit Singh
  • They gradually petered out. It did not have any base among the people

Bhagat Singh

 

  • The sudden suspension of the non-cooperation movement led many young people to question the very basis strategy of non-violence and began to look for alternatives.
  • All the major new revolutionary leaders had been enthusiastic participants in the non-violent non-cooperation movement.
  • Two separate strands of revolutionary terrorism developed – one in Punjab, UP and Bihar and the other in Bengal.
  • Ramprasad Bismil, Jogesh Chatterjea and Sachindranath Sanyal met in Kanpur in October 1924 and founded the Hindustan Republican Association to organize armed revolution.
  • In order to carry out their activities the HRA required funding. The most important action of the HRA was the Kakori Robbery.
  • On August 9, 1925, ten men held up the 8-Down train from Shahjahanpur to Lucknow at Kakori and looted its official railway cash.
  • The government arrested a large number of young men and tried them in the Kakori Conspiracy Case.
  • Ashfaqulla Khan, Ramprasadn Bismil, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged, four others were sent to Andaman while seventeen others were sentenced to long term imprisonment.
  • New revolutionaries joined the HRA. They met at Ferozshah Kotla Ground at Delhi on 9 and 10 September 1928, created a new collective Leadership, adopted Socialism as their official goal and changed the name of the party to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
  • Lala Lajpat Rai dies in a lathi-charge when he was laeding an anti-Simon Commission demonstration at Lahore on 30 October 1928.
  • On 17 December 1928, Bhagat Singh, Azad and Rajguru assassinated, at Lahore, Saunders, a police official involved in the lathi-charge on Lala Lajpat Rai.
  • In order to let the people know about HSRA’s changed objectives Bhagat Singh and BK Dutt were asked to throw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly on 8 April 1929 against the passage of the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill.
  • He aim was not to kill but to let people know of their objectives through the leaflet they threw.
  • They were later arrested and tried.
  • The country was also stirred by the hunger strike the revolutionaries took as a protest against the horrible conditions in jails.
  • On 13th September, the 64th day of the epic fast, Jatin Das died.
  • Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were sentenced to be hanged. He sentence was carried out on 23 March, 1931.
  • Bhagat Singh was fully secular.
    • The Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha organized by him acted on secular lines.
  • In Bengal, after the death of C R Das, the Congress leadership in Bengal got divided into two wings: one led by S C Bose and the other by J M Sengupta. The Yugantar group joined forces with the first while the Anushilan with the second.
  • Surya Sen had actively participated in the non-cooperation movement. He gathered around him a large band of revolutionary youth including Anant Singh, Ganesh Ghosh and Lokenath Baul.
  • Chittagong Armoury Raid

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Terrorism is the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history by a variety of groups, with varying motivations.

Some of the most common types of terrorism include:

  • Anarchist terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by groups that believe in the overthrow of all governments and the establishment of a stateless Society. Anarchist terrorists often target government buildings, police stations, and other symbols of authority.
  • Anti-colonial terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by groups that are fighting against colonial rule. Anti-colonial terrorists often target government buildings, military bases, and other symbols of the colonial power.
  • Anti-state terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by groups that are opposed to the existing government. Anti-state terrorists often target government buildings, politicians, and other symbols of the state.
  • Environmental terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by groups that are opposed to certain environmental practices. Environmental terrorists often target businesses, government agencies, and other organizations that they believe are harming the Environment.
  • Ethnonationalist terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by groups that are seeking to create or maintain an ethnic or national state. Ethnonationalist terrorists often target members of other ethnic or national groups, as well as government officials and institutions.
  • Far-left terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by groups that are on the far left of the political spectrum. Far-left terrorists often target businesses, government agencies, and other symbols of capitalism.
  • Far-right terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by groups that are on the far right of the political spectrum. Far-right terrorists often target immigrants, minorities, and other groups that they believe are a threat to their way of life.
  • Religious terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by groups that are motivated by religious beliefs. Religious terrorists often target members of other religions, as well as government officials and institutions.
  • State terrorism: This type of terrorism is carried out by governments against their own citizens or against other countries. State terrorists often target political opponents, journalists, and other critics of the government.
  • Suicide terrorism: This type of terrorism involves the use of suicide bombers to carry out attacks. Suicide bombers often target civilian areas, such as markets and restaurants.
  • Terrorist bombings: This type of terrorism involves the use of explosives to carry out attacks. Terrorist bombings often target civilian areas, such as markets and restaurants.
  • Terrorist attacks: This type of terrorism involves the use of violence to carry out attacks. Terrorist attacks can target a variety of targets, including government buildings, businesses, and schools.
  • Terrorist incidents: This type of terrorism involves a single act of violence. Terrorist incidents can range from small-scale attacks to large-scale attacks.
  • Terrorist organizations: This type of terrorism involves groups that carry out terrorist attacks. Terrorist organizations can be loosely organized or highly structured.
  • Terrorist violence: This type of terrorism involves the use of violence to achieve political aims. Terrorist violence can range from small-scale attacks to large-scale attacks.
  • War on terror: This is a term used to describe the global campaign against terrorism. The war on terror was launched by the United States in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks.

Terrorism is a complex issue with a long history. There is no single cause of terrorism, and there is no single solution. However, there are a number of things that can be done to prevent and combat terrorism. These include:

  • Addressing the root causes of terrorism, such as POVERTY, inequality, and lack of opportunity.
  • Strengthening law enforcement and intelligence capabilities.
  • Cooperating with other countries to combat terrorism.
  • Promoting Tolerance and understanding between different cultures and religions.
  • Providing support to victims of terrorism.

Terrorism is a serious threat to peace and security around the world. It is important to understand the causes of terrorism and to take steps to prevent and combat it.

What is terrorism?

Terrorism is the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

What are the different types of terrorism?

There are many different types of terrorism, but they can be broadly divided into two categories: state-sponsored terrorism and non-state terrorism. State-sponsored terrorism is when a government or other state actor uses violence and intimidation to achieve political aims. Non-state terrorism is when non-state actors, such as terrorist groups or individuals, use violence and intimidation to achieve political aims.

What are the motivations for terrorism?

The motivations for terrorism are complex and varied, but they can often be traced to political, religious, or ideological beliefs. Terrorists may believe that violence is the only way to achieve their goals, or they may use violence as a way to intimidate or coerce their opponents.

What are the consequences of terrorism?

The consequences of terrorism can be devastating. Terrorism can cause death, injury, and property damage. It can also lead to fear, anxiety, and social unrest. Terrorism can also have a negative impact on the economy and on tourism.

What are the challenges of preventing terrorism?

Preventing terrorism is a complex and challenging task. There is no single solution to the problem of terrorism, and it requires a multi-faceted approach. Some of the challenges of preventing terrorism include:

  • Identifying and tracking potential terrorists
  • Preventing terrorists from obtaining weapons and other materials
  • Countering terrorist propaganda
  • Building resilience to terrorist attacks

What are the best practices for responding to terrorism?

The best practices for responding to terrorism vary depending on the specific circumstances of each attack. However, some general principles include:

  • Providing immediate medical and psychological assistance to victims
  • Maintaining public order and safety
  • Investigating the attack and bringing the perpetrators to Justice
  • Communicating with the public about the attack and the government’s response

What is the role of the international community in combating terrorism?

The international community has a role to play in combating terrorism through a variety of means, including:

  • Sharing intelligence
  • Cooperating on law enforcement
  • Prohibiting the financing of terrorism
  • Promoting Human Rights and the Rule of Law
  • Building resilience to terrorist attacks

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of terrorism?

(A) State-sponsored terrorism
(B) Religious terrorism
(C) Revolutionary terrorism
(D) Environmental terrorism

Answer
(C) Revolutionary terrorism is a type of terrorism that is used to overthrow a government or other established authority. The other three types of terrorism are not used for this purpose.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a goal of terrorism?

(A) To intimidate or coerce a civilian Population
(B) To influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion
(C) To affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping
(D) To overthrow a government or other established authority

Answer
(D) Overthrowing a government is a goal of revolutionary terrorism, but it is not a goal of all types of terrorism.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a method of terrorism?

(A) Bombing
(B) Assassination
(C) Kidnapping
(D) Voting

Answer
(D) Voting is not a method of terrorism. The other three methods are all commonly used by terrorists.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a consequence of terrorism?

(A) Death
(B) Injury
(C) Property damage
(D) Increased security

Answer
(D) Increased security is a response to terrorism, not a consequence of it. The other three consequences are all direct results of terrorist attacks.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a way to prevent terrorism?

(A) Increase security
(B) Address the root causes of terrorism
(C) Engage in dialogue with terrorists
(D) Bomb the terrorists

Answer
(D) Bombing the terrorists is not a way to prevent terrorism. It is more likely to create more terrorists than it is to prevent them. The other three methods are all effective ways to prevent terrorism.