Revolt of 1857-For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination

During the Governor-General Lord Canning
May 11, 1857. The Meerut incident. Capture of Delhi. Proclaiming B S Jazar as the emperor.
Almost half the Company’s sepoy strength of 232224 opted out of their loyalty to their regimental colours.
Kanpur: Nana Saheb; Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mahal; Bareilly: Khan Bahadur; Jagdishpur (Ara): Kunwar Singh; Jhansi: Rani Lakshmi Bai
Only the Madras army remained totally loyal. Sikh regiment as well remained largely loyal.

Table of Contents

Causes for the revolt

The revolt was a result of the accumulated grievances of the people against Company’s administration and a loathing for the character and policies of the colonial rule. The causes can be classified as social, economic, religious and military. <In class notes>

WHY DID THE SEPOYS REVOLT?

The conditions of service in the Company’s army and cantonments increasingly came into conflict with the religious beliefs and prejudices of the sepoys.
The unhappiness of the sepoys first surfaced in 1824 when the 47^th Regiment of Barrackpur was ordered to go to Burma. To the religious Hindu, crossing the sea meant loss of caste. The sepoys refused. The regiment was disbanded and those who led the opposition were hanged.
The rumors about the Government’s secret designs to promote conversions to Christianity further exasperated the sepoys.
The greased cartridges
They were also unhappy with the emoluments
Discrimination and racism
Misery brought to the peasants by the British rule. E.g. the land revenue system imposed in Oudh, where about 75000 sepoys came from, was very harsh.
The civilians also participated
After the capture of Delhi, a letter was issued to the neighboring states asking for support.
A court of administrators was established in Delhi
Ill-equipped, the rebels carried on the struggle for about a year
The country as a whole was not behind them. The merchants, intelligentsia and Indian rulers not only kept aloof but actively supported the British.
Almost half the Indian soldiers not only did not revolt but fought against their own countrymen.
Apart from a commonly shared hatred for alien rule, the rebels had no political perspective or definite vision of the future
Delhi fell on September 20, 1857.
Rani of Jhansi died fighting on June 17, 1858
Nana Saheb escaped to Nepal hoping to revive the struggle.
Kunwar Singh died on May 9, 1958
Tantia tope carried on guerrilla warfare until April 1959 after which he was betrayed by a zamindar, captured and put to death.

Important Persons relating to the Revolt

Bahadur Shah Zafar: BSZ was the last Mughal emperor of India.

Nana Saheb

Rani Lakshmi Bai

Kunwar Singh

Nawab Wajid Ali Shah

Birjis Qadr: The son of Wajid Ali Shah and the leader of the revolt in Lucknow.

Shah Mal: He belonged to a clan of Jat cultivators in parganan Barout in UP. During the revolt, he mobilized the headmen and cultivators of chaurasee des (84 villages: his kinship area), moving at night from village to village, urging people to rebel against the British.

Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah: Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah was one of the many maulvis who played an

important part in the revolt of 1857. 1856, he was seen moving from village to village preaching jehad (religious war) against the British and urging people to rebel. he was elected by the mutinous 22nd Native Infantry as their leader. He fought in the famous Battle of Chinhat in which the British forces under Henry Lawrence were defeated.

Begum Hazrat Mahal:

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The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Indian Independence, was a Major Armed Uprising against British rule in India. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 at the British Indian Army garrison at Meerut, and quickly spread to other parts of northern and central India. The rebels were motivated by a variety of factors, including religious and economic grievances, as well as a desire for independence from British rule.

The rebellion was ultimately unsuccessful, but it had a profound impact on the history of India. It led to the end of the East India Company’s rule in India, and to the establishment of the British Raj. The rebellion also had a significant impact on Society/”>Indian Society, culture, and politics.

The causes of the rebellion are complex and have been debated by historians for many years. Some of the most commonly cited causes include:

Religious and cultural grievances: Many Hindus and Muslims were opposed to British rule because they felt that it was disrespectful to their religious beliefs and customs. For example, the British East India Company had banned the practice of sati, or widow burning, which was seen as a sacred Hindu rite.
Economic grievances: Many Indians were also unhappy with the economic policies of the British East India Company. The company had imposed high taxes on Indian goods, which had led to widespread POVERTY.
Political grievances: Many Indians felt that they were being denied basic political rights under British rule. They were not allowed to participate in government, and they had no say in the laws that were made.
The introduction of new technologies: The British introduced a number of new technologies to India, such as the telegraph and the railway. These technologies were seen by some Indians as a threat to their traditional way of life.
The greased cartridges: The British issued new cartridges for their rifles that were greased with animal fat. This was seen as a sacrilege by both Hindus and Muslims, as it required them to touch the fat of a cow or pig.

The course of the rebellion can be divided into three phases:

The first phase, from May to June 1857, was characterized by a series of uprisings by Indian soldiers at various British garrisons.
The second phase, from July to November 1857, was a period of consolidation for the rebels. They captured Delhi, the capital of the Mughal Empire, and proclaimed Bahadur Shah II as the emperor of India.
The third phase, from December 1857 to May 1858, was a period of British counter-insurgency. The British recaptured Delhi and defeated the rebels in a series of battles.

The consequences of the rebellion were far-reaching. The British East India Company was dissolved, and the British government took direct control of India. The rebellion also led to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Indians, and to the destruction of much of the country’s Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE.

The impact of the rebellion on Indian society was profound. It led to a loss of faith in the Mughal Empire, and to the rise of new nationalist movements. The rebellion also had a significant impact on Indian culture, as it led to a revival of interest in traditional Indian values.

The rebellion also had a major impact on Indian politics. It led to the establishment of the British Raj, which lasted for nearly 100 years. The rebellion also led to the rise of new political movements, such as the Indian National Congress, which eventually led to the independence of India in 1947.

The rebellion of 1857 was a major turning point in the history of India. It led to the end of the East India Company’s rule, and to the establishment of the British Raj. The rebellion also had a profound impact on Indian society, culture, and politics.

1. What is the Revolt of 1857?

The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Sepoy Mutiny, or the First War of Indian Independence, was a major uprising against British rule in India. It began on 10 May 1857, when a group of sepoys (Indian soldiers) in the British East India Company’s army mutinied at Meerut. The revolt quickly spread to other parts of India, and by the end of 1857, it had become a full-scale rebellion.

2. What were the causes of the Revolt of 1857?

There were many causes of the Revolt of 1857. Some of the most important causes include:

The introduction of the Enfield rifle, which used cartridges that were greased with pig and cow fat. This offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers, who believed that it was sacrilegious to touch these substances.
The growing discontent among Indian soldiers with their pay and conditions of service.
The British government’s policy of religious discrimination against Hindus and Muslims.
The growing sense of nationalism among Indians, who were resentful of British rule.

3. What were the consequences of the Revolt of 1857?

The Revolt of 1857 had a profound impact on India. It led to the end of the East India Company’s rule in India, and the British government took direct control of the country. The revolt also led to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, and the destruction of much of India’s infrastructure.

4. Who were the main leaders of the Revolt of 1857?

Some of the most important leaders of the Revolt of 1857 include:

Mangal Pandey, a sepoy who was one of the first to mutiny at Meerut.
Nana Sahib, a Maratha prince who led the revolt in Kanpur.
Tantia Tope, a Maratha general who led the revolt in central India.
Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor, who was proclaimed emperor of India by the rebels.

5. What is the legacy of the Revolt of 1857?

The Revolt of 1857 is a complex and controversial event in Indian history. It is often seen as a turning point in India’s struggle for independence. The revolt also had a profound impact on the British government’s policy towards India.

6. What are some of the myths and misconceptions about the Revolt of 1857?

There are many myths and misconceptions about the Revolt of 1857. Some of the most common myths include:

The revolt was a religious uprising.
The revolt was led by Muslims.
The revolt was a failure.

In reality, the revolt was a complex event with many causes and consequences. It was not a religious uprising, and it was not led by Muslims. The revolt was also not a failure. It did not achieve its immediate goals, but it did have a profound impact on India’s history.

The Revolt of 1857 was a major uprising in India against the British East India Company. It began in Meerut on May 10, 1857, and spread to other parts of the country. The revolt was eventually suppressed by the British, but it had a profound impact on Indian history.
The causes of the Revolt of 1857 are complex and still debated by historians. Some of the factors that contributed to the revolt include:
The growing discontent among Indian soldiers with the British East India Company.
The introduction of new cartridges that were rumored to be greased with pig and cow fat, which offended both Hindus and Muslims.
The economic and social changes that were taking place in India under British rule.
The growing sense of nationalism among Indians.
The Revolt of 1857 had a significant impact on Indian history. It led to the end of the East India Company’s rule in India and the establishment of the British Raj. The revolt also had a profound impact on Indian society and culture.
The Revolt of 1857 is a complex and controversial topic in Indian history. There are many different interpretations of the revolt, and its legacy continues to be debated today.
Here are some MCQs on the Revolt of 1857:
Which of the following was not a cause of the Revolt of 1857?
(A) The growing discontent among Indian soldiers with the British East India Company.
(B) The introduction of new cartridges that were rumored to be greased with pig and cow fat.
(C) The economic and social changes that were taking place in India under British rule.
(D) The growing sense of nationalism among Indians.
Which of the following was not a result of the Revolt of 1857?
(A) The end of the East India Company’s rule in India.
(B) The establishment of the British Raj.
(C) A profound impact on Indian society and culture.
(D) The unification of India.
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the Revolt of 1857?
(A) It was a spontaneous uprising of Indian peasants against British rule.
(B) It was a well-planned and organized rebellion led by Indian princes and nobles.
(C) It was a religious war between Hindus and Muslims.
(D) It was a nationalist movement against British imperialism.
Which of the following is the most famous leader of the Revolt of 1857?
(A) Mangal Pandey
(B) Rani Lakshmibai
(C) Bahadur Shah Zafar
(D) Nana Sahib
Which of the following is the most famous battle of the Revolt of 1857?
(A) The Siege of Delhi
(B) The Battle of Kanpur
(C) The Battle of Lucknow
(D) The Battle of Gwalior
Which of the following is the most famous poem about the Revolt of 1857?
(A) “The Indian Mutiny” by Thomas Babington Macaulay
(B) “The Siege of Lucknow” by John William Kaye
(C) “The Revolt of 1857” by Toru Dutt
(D) “The Red Fort” by Sarojini Naidu