Relief and Structure of Haryana

Relief and Structure of Haryana

Physiography of Haryana

The State of Haryana is situated in the northern part of India and is bounded by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north and by Rajasthan to the west and south.
The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.
Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi.
Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India.
It is located between 27 degree 37′ to 30 degree 35′ N latitude and between 74 degree 28′ and 77 degree 36′ E longitude.
The altitude of Haryana varies between 200 m to 1200 m above sea level.
The total geographical area of the state is 44,212 km2, which is 1.4 % of the geographical area of the country

Physiographic Characteristics of Haryana

Haryana as a whole is a plain area except some hills of Shivalik system in the northern and Aravalli system in the southern parts of the state.
For regional divisions, Haryana plain is a part of the great plain namely Indo Gangetic plain which was formed by the deposition of Alluvium brought by the Himalaya & Rivers.
In this region i.e. Haryana plain three sub divisions have been delineated.

The Eastern Haryana Plain

The eastern Haryana plain Consisting the districts of Panchkula, Ambala, Yamuna Nagar, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Karnal, Panipat , Sonipat, Rohtak, Jhajjar & Jind is bordered by low hills of shiwalik system & Himachal Pradesh in the northeast, Punjab in the west, by the Southern Haryana plain in the south by western Haryana plain in the west and by Uttar Pradesh across the Yamuna river and Delhi U.T. in the east.
Shivalik tract consists of a broad tabled land, which is composed of silt, sand, clay and conglomerates ranging in age from the middle Eocene to lower Pleistocene.
The slope is generally from north east to south west in which direction most of the rivers flow.
A large number of rain fed torrents flow down the outer slopes of the Shivalik and spread much gravels and rebbles in their beds of these rivers and streams, the Yamuna, the Ghaggar, the Markanda, the Chautang and the Shivalik are the important ones.
The region is divided of any perennial eastern part of the region.
The rivers Ghaggar, Markanda, Saraswati and Yamuna have their flood plains commonly known as khaddar or Bet areas.
The soils of these flood plains are river borne sand, silt.

The Western Haryana Plain

The Western Haryana Plain makes its limits with Punjab in north, Rajasthan in the west and southwest, southern Haryana plain in the south and the eastern Haryana plain in the east.
It covers the districts of Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar and Bhiwani.
The region is different from eastern Haryana plain & southern Haryana plain because of the presence of number of sand dunes of varying heights & magnitudes wind erosion is active and water table in deep.
The region is also geographically known as “ Bhiwani Bagar ”.
Only Ghaggar River drains the northern part of the region and its flood plain bifurcate the Sirsa district. The region is important & Cotton, grains & oil seeds.

Southern Haryana Plain

The Southern Haryana Plain comprising the districts of Mahendergarh, Rewari, Gurgaon and Faridabad.
Delhi is bounded by U.P. in east, by Rajasthan in the south and west and by western Harayana Plain & eastern Harayana Plain in the north.
It differs from the western Haryana Plain because of the presence of Aravalli off shoots and its slopes towards the north in its western parts and undulating character of the surface.
The region also has dunes of varying size with Aravalli offshoots in Mahendergarh & Rewari. While in Gurgaon or Faridabad, Aravalli off shoots are responsible for undulation in the region.
Number of small rainy seasonal rivulets carries the water in Rajasthan in to southern Haryana.
They represent the inland drainage. In view of the small volume of water carried by them, they lack in potentialities for utilization on an extensive scale. Sahibi valley project over Sahibi River is coming up.
Here the litho logical diversity in alluvial monotony has a strong bearing upon the distributional pattern of land use, Cropping pattern and crop production the undulating sandy plain of the southern Haryana is a scene of dramatic development which will bring prosperity in the region.

Geology of Haryana

Geology is defined as the study of rocks and Minerals of the earth with respect to their origin, composition and mode of occurrence.
Haryana comprises a variety of rocks belonging to following three different geological domains:

Pre-Cambrian rocks of Aravali Mountains,
Tertiary rocks of Himalayas and
Quaternary deposits of Indo-Gangetic Plains.

The Quaternary deposits of Indo-Gangetic plains and the Pre-Cambrian rocks of Aravali Mountains dominate the sub-region.

Geology of Panipat District of Haryana

It is entirely covered by old and new alluvium deposits of quaternary to recent age, which consist of clay and sand.
Consolidated and UN-consolidated sands are also found at places in the district.

Geology of Sonipat District of Haryana

The district is almost entirely covered by alluvial deposits of clay, loam, silt and sand brought down by river Yamuna.
High grade silica sand left behind by the change in course of the Yamuna River.

Geology of Rohtak District of Haryana

District consists of alluvium (recent), loam (Bhangar and Nadrak), coarse loam (daher and chaeknote).
Infact, the district is a part of indo Gangetic alluvial plain, Soil ranging from Pleistocene to recent age

Geology of Jhajjar District of Haryana

The area forms a part of Dugan ethic plain ranging from Pleistocene to recent in age Aeolian deposits.
The sediments comprise of clay, sand and Kankar mixed in different proportions.

Geology of Rewari District of Haryana

The purona rocks in Rewari district belong to Ajabgarh series of Delhi system.
The hills have been denuded since ages and have a height ranging from 300m to 425m above mean sea level.
The hills are mostly steep, bare and rocky.
The previously existing old flood plains have been superimposed by Aeolian plains and sand dunes.

Geology of Gurgaon and Mewat District of Haryana

Large parts of the district are occupied

By scattered isolated strike ridges of old rocks, former Aravali mountain chain of Pre-Cambrian and
Alluvium, sand of recent to sub-recent origin.

Geology of Faridabad and Palwal District of Haryana

Major parts of the district are occupied by alluvial plains of recent to sub-recent age, which include older (Banger) and newer (Khadar) alluvial and kankar.
The kankar occurs mainly in the northern part and is poor in calcareous matter

Haryana is a state in northern India. It is located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and is bordered by Punjab to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Uttarakhand to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh to the south, Rajasthan to the southwest, and Delhi to the west. The state has a total area of 44,212 square kilometers (17,082 sq mi).

The topography of Haryana is characterized by a flat to rolling plain. The highest point in the state is Guru Shikhar, which is located in the Shivalik Hills and has an elevation of 1,722 meters (5,653 ft). The lowest point is in the Yamuna River, which has an elevation of 200 meters (656 ft).

The main rivers in Haryana are the Yamuna, the Ghaggar, the Markanda, and the Saraswati. The Yamuna is the largest river in the state, and it flows from the Himalayas in the north to the Yamunanagar district in the south. The Ghaggar is a seasonal river that flows from the Shivalik Hills in the north to the Kurukshetra district in the south. The Markanda is a tributary of the Yamuna, and it flows from the Shivalik Hills in the north to the Karnal district in the south. The Saraswati is a mythical river that is said to have dried up in ancient times.

The Climate-of-haryana/”>Climate of Haryana is temperate. The summers are hot and humid, and the winters are cold and dry. The Average temperature in the state ranges from 12 degrees Celsius (54 degrees Fahrenheit) in January to 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) in May. The average rainfall in the state is 700 millimeters (28 inches).

The Soils of Haryana are mostly alluvial. The alluvial soils are fertile and are suitable for agriculture. The other types of soils in the state are sandy, loamy, and clayey.

The Vegetation of Haryana is characterized by a mix of forests, grasslands, and agricultural land. The forests in the state are mostly located in the Shivalik Hills. The grasslands are located in the southern part of the state. The agricultural land is located in the central and northern parts of the state.

The wildlife of Haryana is diverse. The state is home to a variety of animals, including tigers, leopards, sloth bears, wild boars, and deer. The state also has a variety of birds, including peacocks, parrots, and kingfishers.

The minerals found in Haryana include limestone, dolomite, gypsum, and fireclay. The limestone is used in the cement Industry. The dolomite is used in the fertilizer industry. The gypsum is used in the construction industry. The fireclay is used in the ceramic industry.

About 70% of the land in Haryana is used for agriculture. The other 30% of the land is used for forests, industries, and human settlements.

The Population of Haryana is about 28 million. The population density of the state is about 630 people per square kilometer (1,630 people per sq mi). The majority of the population in the state is Hindu. The other major religions in the state are Islam, Sikhism, and Christianity.

The economy of Haryana is based on agriculture, industry, and Services. The main agricultural products in the state are wheat, rice, cotton, and sugarcane. The main industries in the state are manufacturing, electricity, and gas. The main services in the state are transportation, Communication, and trade.

The government of Haryana is a parliamentary Democracy. The head of the state is the governor, who is appointed by the president of India. The head of the government is the chief minister, who is elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly. The Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the state.

The history of Haryana dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization. The state was ruled by a number of dynasties, including the Mauryas, the Guptas, the Tomaras, and the Mughals. In the 18th century, the state was ruled by the Marathas. In 1803, the state was annexed by the British East India Company. In 1947, Haryana became a part of independent India.

Haryana is a beautiful state with a rich history and culture. The people of Haryana are friendly and welcoming. The state is a great place to live, work, and raise a family.

What is the capital of Haryana?

The capital of Haryana is Chandigarh.

What is the population of Haryana?

The population of Haryana is 28,803,980 (2020).

What is the language spoken in Haryana?

The main language spoken in Haryana is Hindi.

What is the religion of Haryana?

The majority religion in Haryana is Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism.

What is the Literacy rate of Haryana?

The literacy rate of Haryana is 75.6%.

What is the economy of Haryana?

The economy of Haryana is based on agriculture, industry, and services.

What are the major industries in Haryana?

The major industries in Haryana are agriculture, textiles, engineering, and pharmaceuticals.

What are the major tourist attractions in Haryana?

The major tourist attractions in Haryana are the Pinjore Gardens, the Surajkund Mela, and the Rock Garden of Chandigarh.

What is the climate of Haryana?

The climate of Haryana is hot and dry in the summer and cold in the winter.

What is the government of Haryana?

The government of Haryana is a parliamentary democracy.

What is the history of Haryana?

Haryana was part of the Punjab region until 1966, when it was split into two states, Haryana and Punjab.

What are the neighboring states of Haryana?

The neighboring states of Haryana are Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, and Delhi.

What is the flag of Haryana?

The flag of Haryana is a green field with a white band in the center. The white band has a blue wheel with 24 spokes in the center.

What is the anthem of Haryana?

The anthem of Haryana is “Haryana Geet”.

What is the motto of Haryana?

The motto of Haryana is “Ek hi dharm, Ek hi jati, Ek hi bhasha, Haryana” (One religion, one caste, one language, Haryana).

What is the tree of Haryana?

The tree of Haryana is the Peepal tree.

What is the flower of Haryana?

The flower of Haryana is the Lotus.

What is the bird of Haryana?

The bird of Haryana is the peacock.

What is the animal of Haryana?

The animal of Haryana is the lion.

What is the fish of Haryana?

The fish of Haryana is the Rohu.

What is the insect of Haryana?

The insect of Haryana is the Honeybee.

What is the mineral of Haryana?

The mineral of Haryana is the limestone.

What is the food of Haryana?

The food of Haryana is mainly based on wheat, rice, and vegetables. Some of the popular dishes of Haryana are the sarson ka saag (mustard greens), the makki ki roti (maize bread), and the dal makhani (black lentil curry).

What is the dress of Haryana?

The traditional dress of Haryana is the kurta and pyjama for men and the salwar kameez for Women.

What is the music of Haryana?

The music of Haryana is mainly based on Folk Music. Some of the popular Folk songs of Haryana are the “Bhangra” and the “Giddha”.

What is the dance of Haryana?

The dance of Haryana is mainly based on folk dance. Some of the popular Folk dances of Haryana are the “Bhangra” and the “Giddha”.

What is the art of Haryana?

The art of Haryana is mainly based on folk art. Some of the popular folk Art Forms of Haryana are the “Puppetry” and the “Rangoli”.

What is the literature of Haryana?

The literature of Haryana is mainly based on folk literature. Some of the popular folk literature of Haryana are the “Jats” and the “Raja Rasalu”.

What is the religion of Haryana?

The majority religion in Haryana is Hinduism. Some of the other religions practiced in Haryana are Islam, Christianity, and Sikhism.

What is the language of Haryana?

The main language spoken in Haryana is Hindi. Some of the other languages spoken in Haryana are Punjabi, Urdu, and English.

What is the Education system of Haryana?

The education system of Haryana is based on the 10+2+3 system. The first 10 years of

The highest peak in Haryana is:
(A) Guru Shikhar
(B) Chaubara peak
(C) Morni peak
(D) Nilokheri peak
The main rivers of Haryana are:
(A) Yamuna, Sutlej, Ghaggar
(B) Yamuna, Chenab, Ravi
(C) Yamuna, Beas, Sutlej
(D) Yamuna, Ganga, Chambal
The main crops of Haryana are:
(A) Wheat, rice, sugarcane
(B) Wheat, cotton, maize
(C) Rice, wheat, maize
(D) Cotton, wheat, rice
The main industries of Haryana are:
(A) Agriculture, textiles, engineering
(B) Agriculture, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
(C) Engineering, textiles, chemicals
(D) Pharmaceuticals, textiles, engineering
The main languages spoken in Haryana are:
(A) Hindi, Punjabi, Haryanvi
(B) Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi
(C) Hindi, Haryanvi, Rajasthani
(D) Hindi, Punjabi, Rajasthani
The capital of Haryana is:
(A) Chandigarh
(B) Panchkula
(C) Faridabad
(D) Gurgaon
The population of Haryana is:
(A) 28 million
(B) 29 million
(C) 30 million
(D) 31 million
The literacy rate of Haryana is:
(A) 70%
(B) 75%
(C) 80%
(D) 85%
The sex ratio of Haryana is:
(A) 879
(B) 884
(C) 891
(D) 898
The life expectancy of Haryana is:
(A) 68 years
(B) 70 years
(C) 72 years
(D) 74 years
The main exports of Haryana are:
(A) Machinery, textiles, chemicals
(B) Machinery, electronics, pharmaceuticals
(C) Electronics, textiles, chemicals
(D) Pharmaceuticals, electronics, machinery
The main imports of Haryana are:
(A) Crude oil, machinery, gold
(B) Crude oil, electronics, gold
(C) Electronics, machinery, gold
(D) Gold, machinery, electronics
The main tourist attractions of Haryana are:
(A) Pinjore Gardens, Surajkund Mela, Kurukshetra
(B) Rock Garden, Surajkund Mela, Kurukshetra
(C) Pinjore Gardens, Rock Garden, Kurukshetra
(D) Surajkund Mela, Rock Garden, Kurukshetra
The main festivals of Haryana are:
(A) Lohri, Holi, Diwali
(B) Baisakhi, Dussehra, Diwali
(C) Lohri, Baisakhi, Dussehra
(D) Holi, Baisakhi, Dussehra
The main Sports of Haryana are:
(A) Cricket, hockey, kabaddi
(B) Cricket, football, kabaddi
(C) Hockey, football, kabaddi
(D) Football, cricket, kabaddi