Rajasthani Languages and Literature – for Ras RTS exam

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[<–2/”>a >su_heading]Rajasthani Languages[/su_heading]

Evolution of rajasthani languages from Shaurseni Prakrit

Saureni Prakrit is then developed into:-

  • Gurjar in western region
  • Shaurseni in eastern region (Apram bhasha)

Gurjar-

  • Maru Gurjar or old Rajasthani
  • its common language of Rajasthan and Gujrat
  • 1st work was Bhrateshwar Bahubali Ghor by Vajrasensuri in 1168 ad
  • In 15th century it evolved to Dingal
  • Dingal was generally used in ballards and chronicles of warriors heroic deeds in the mewar and Marwar region

Shaurseni-

  • It developed in Pingal which is a rajasthani variation of Braj Bhasha
  • It was largely used for devotional and erotic poetry

Charans:-

  • they preserves the glorious and martial deeds of their patrons
  • Khayat- Chronicles
  • Vats- Accounts of past events
  • Vigats-Gazettes

Decline of Rajasthani Languages after the British rule was mainly due to following factors:-

  • Outdated feudal system
  • Growth of Printing press,newspaper and free  discussion was largely discouraged in the princely states.
  • Royal patronage to rajasthani was largely discontinued.
  • Influence of Hindi
  • Growth of Khardi boli

Present status of Rajasthani Languages and their main variations –

  • Kamdhari- Nagari script mainly used in administration
  • Jain style- Manuscript writing
  • Modiya- Used by Trading class
  • Shasti- Common people language.

[su_heading]Rajasthani Literature[/su_heading]

Rajasthani Literature can be classified into three categories, which are as follows:-

  1. Sanskrit and Prakrit
  2. Rajasthani
  3. Hindi

Sanskrit and Prakrit

Major literature of Sanskrit and prakrit developed in Rajasthan are as follows:-

  • Shishupal Vadh by poet Magh
  • Samaraichcha Katha by Hari Bhadra Suri
  • Kuvalaya Mala by Udyotan Suri
  • Upmiti Bharva Prancha Katha by Sidhi Rishi
  • Harkaili by Vigrah Raj Chauhan IV of Ajmer
  • Prithvi Raj Vijay by Prithvi Raj Chauhan
  • Geet Goving and Sangeet Raj by Jai deva
  • Charan Literature

Rajasthani

Major literature of Rajasthani developed in Rajasthan are classified into three styles which are as follows:-

  1. Jain- such as Prithvi Raj charit by Manak Chandra
  2. Dingal or Charan- like Prithvi Raj Raso by Chand Bardai, Rao Jaitasirau Chhanda by Vithu Sujo Nagarjota.
  3. Popular- like Veli Krishna Rukmani by Prithvi raj Rathore, Vansh Bhaskar by Surya Mal, Songs of Meera Bai, Khayal which are dance drama’s

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Rajasthani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 60 million people in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is also spoken in parts of Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Rajasthani is a member of the Western Hindi group of languages, and is closely related to Gujarati and Marwari.

The history of Rajasthani literature can be traced back to the 10th century. The earliest known Rajasthani literary work is the Didhavali, a collection of love poems written by the poet Jayadev. The Didhavali is considered to be one of the masterpieces of Rajasthani literature.

In the 12th century, the poet Padmavati wrote the epic poem Prithviraj Raso, which tells the story of the Rajput king Prithviraj Chauhan. The Prithviraj Raso is one of the most important works of Rajasthani literature.

In the 15th century, the poet Mirabai wrote a number of devotional songs in Rajasthani. Mirabai was a Vaishnava saint, and her songs are still popular among Hindus today.

In the 16th century, the poet Keshavdas wrote the epic poem Hammiramayan, which tells the story of the Rajput king Hammir Dev. The Hammiramayan is another important work of Rajasthani literature.

In the 17th century, the poet Chandrashekhara wrote the epic poem Nala-Damayanti, which tells the story of the lovers Nala and Damayanti. The Nala-Damayanti is another important work of Rajasthani literature.

In the 18th century, the poet Sundardas wrote the epic poem Virangana, which tells the story of the Rajput queen Padmini. The Virangana is another

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important work of Rajasthani literature.

In the 19th century, the poet Hariram Vyas wrote the epic poem Mahabharata, which tells the story of the Kurukshetra War. The Mahabharata is one of the most important works of Indian Literature, and Hariram Vyas’s version is considered to be one of the best.

In the 20th century, a number of important Rajasthani writers emerged, including the poets Mohanlal Sukhadia, Shivlal Joshi, and Vijaydan Detha. Mohanlal Sukhadia was the first Rajasthani writer to win the Sahitya Akademi Award, India’s highest literary award. Shivlal Joshi was a prolific writer who wrote novels, short stories, and essays. Vijaydan Detha is known for his short stories, which often deal with the lives of the poor and the marginalized.

In recent years, Rajasthani literature has continued to flourish. A number of new writers have emerged, and Rajasthani literature is now being translated into other languages. Rajasthani literature is also being used in film and television.

Rajasthani literature is a rich and vibrant tradition. It is a literature that is full of stories, poems, and songs. It is a literature that is full of life and color. It is a literature that is full of the spirit of Rajasthan.

Rajasthani literature is a literature that is worth exploring. It is a literature that will enrich your life. It is a literature that will open your eyes to a new world. It is a literature that will make you see the world in a new way.

If you are interested in Learning more about Rajasthani literature, I encourage you to read some of the works that I have mentioned. I also encourage you to explore the many other works of Rajasthani literature that are available. You will not be disappointed.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about Rajasthani Languages and Literature:

  1. What is Rajasthani?
    Rajasthani is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the native language of about 60 million people.

  2. What are the different dialects of Rajasthani?
    The main dialects of Rajasthani are Marwari, Mewari, Dhundari, and Bagri.

  3. What is the history of Rajasthani literature?
    Rajasthani literature has a long and rich history. The earliest known Rajasthani texts date back to the 10th century.

  4. Who are some of the famous Rajasthani writers?
    Some of the famous Rajasthani writers include Mirabai, Dayaram, and Keshavdas.

  5. What are some of the famous Rajasthani literary works?
    Some of the famous Rajasthani literary works include the “Padmavat” by Malik Muhammad Jayasi, the “Vir Raso” by Jayasi, and the “Krishnavatar” by Keshavdas.

  6. What are some of the challenges facing Rajasthani literature?
    Some of the challenges facing Rajasthani literature include the lack of government support, the lack of readership, and the lack of translations into other languages.

  7. What is the future of Rajasthani literature?
    The future of Rajasthani literature is uncertain. However, there are some signs of hope, such as the increasing number of young people who are interested in learning and writing in Rajasthani.

  8. What are some of the ways to promote Rajasthani literature?
    Some of the ways to promote Rajasthani literature include:

  9. Increasing government support for Rajasthani literature

  10. Increasing readership of Rajasthani literature
  11. Translating Rajasthani literature into other languages

  12. Promoting Rajasthani literature through Education and cultural events

  13. What are some of the benefits of learning Rajasthani?
    Some of the benefits of learning Rajasthani include:

  14. Gaining access to a rich and diverse culture

  15. Developing a deeper understanding of Rajasthani history and Society
  16. Expanding your linguistic repertoire

  17. Making new friends and connections

  18. How can I learn Rajasthani?
    There are many ways to learn Rajasthani. Some popular methods include:

  19. Taking a class

  20. Using a language learning app
  21. Watching Rajasthani movies and TV shows
  22. Listening to Rajasthani music
  23. Reading Rajasthani literature
  24. Practicing with native speakers

Here are some MCQs on Rajasthani Languages and Literature:

  1. Which of the following is not a Rajasthani language?
    (A) Marwari
    (B) Mewari
    (C) Gojri
    (D) Bhili

  2. Which of the following is the oldest Rajasthani language?
    (A) Marwari
    (B) Mewari
    (C) Gojri
    (D) Bhili

  3. Which of the following is the most widely spoken Rajasthani language?
    (A) Marwari
    (B) Mewari
    (C) Gojri
    (D) Bhili

  4. Which of the following is the Official Language of Rajasthan?
    (A) Hindi
    (B) Rajasthani
    (C) English
    (D) None of the above

  5. Which of the following is the most famous Rajasthani literary work?
    (A) Pabuji Ki Raso
    (B) Devnarayan Raso
    (C) Jodhraj Raso
    (D) All of the above

  6. Who is the most famous Rajasthani poet?
    (A) Mirabai
    (B) Keshavdas
    (C) Dayaram
    (D) None of the above

  7. Who is the most famous Rajasthani musician?
    (A) Mian Tansen
    (B) Amir Khusro
    (C) Haridas
    (D) None of the above

  8. Which of the following is a Rajasthani folk dance?
    (A) Ghoomar
    (B) Kalbelia
    (C) Teratali
    (D) All of the above

  9. Which of the following is a Rajasthani folk song?
    (A) Kajari
    (B) Chaiti
    (C) Bhajan
    (D) All of the above

  10. Which of the following is a Rajasthani festival?
    (A) Teej
    (B) Gangaur
    (C) Holi
    (D) All of the above

I hope these MCQs are helpful for your preparation for the Ras RTS exam. Good luck!

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