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Punjab is made of two words Pun(five) + Aab(water) . This literally means a lands which is drained by five rivers. These five rivers are Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Jhelum and Chenab.
We can divide Punjab into following categories according to relief and its physical structure:
- Northern Shivalik Hills
- Great Alluvial Punjab Plain
- South Western Semi Arid Region
NorthernShivalik Hills:
This is also called ‘Kandi’ area in the local language. This is small hilly region. These hills are located at the foothills of the Himalayas. This region extends from east to west along the Himachal Pradesh stage boundary. Height of hills is not very high in this region. Green lush vegetation is found is this region.
Great Alluvial Punjab Plain
The state of Punjab is situated in the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains, also called as Great Plains.
Most of the land of Punjab is an alluvial plain formed by the sedimentation deposited by many rivers flowing through this land.
The main rivers of Punjab are
- Satluj,
- Beas and
These rivers are fed by the waters from melting of snow in Himalayas, so these are perennial.
The water level in semi-hilly areas in Shivalik hills, which includes parts of Pathankot, Hoshiarpur and Ropar districts, is very deep.
There is problem of Water Logging in many parts of Fazilka and Muktsar districts. In these areas, water can be found at a depth of 2-4 meters, but this cannot be used for Irrigation or drinking purpose.
In the plains of Punjab, the Average elevation above the sea level is around 180 meters to 330 meters. The slope of land is from Northeast to Southwest direction. The slightly hilly areas of Hoshiarpur and Ropar districts, which are located along the Shivalik hills, have elevation of above 500 meters.
Pathankot railway station in the northeast corner is at 330 meters and the Abohar railway station in the southwest corner is at a height of 180 meters above sea level.
Punjab lies in the seismic zone III and IV. Half of the state from the Shivalik hills side is in zone IV which includes Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Ropar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Jalandhar districts. The districts is seismic zone III are – Firozpur, Fazilka, Mansa, Sangrur, Moga, Patiala and Bathinda.
South Western Semi Arid Region:
This region is with the boundary of Rajasthan and Pakistan. Due to the presence of Thardesert, this area is arid to semi arid. Thardesert extends to Southern part of Punjab.
It includes areas of Fazilka and Muktsar districts. This area is at the edge of Thardesert, which is largest desert in Asia.
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Punjab is a state in northwestern India. It is bordered by the states of Haryana to the south, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast, and Pakistan to the west. The state has a Population of over 28 million people, making it the 16th most populous state in India. The capital of Punjab is Chandigarh, which is also the joint capital of the neighboring state of Haryana.
Punjab is a land of contrasts. The northern part of the state is mountainous, while the southern part is mostly flat. The state is also home to a number of rivers, including the Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, and Chenab. These rivers are important for irrigation and drinking water.
The Climate-of-punjab/”>Climate of Punjab is temperate. The summers are hot and dry, while the winters are cold and dry. The average temperature in Punjab ranges from 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) in January to 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) in May.
The Soils of Punjab are mostly alluvial. These soils are fertile and well-suited for agriculture. The main crops grown in Punjab are wheat, rice, Cotton, and sugarcane.
The vegetation of Punjab is diverse. The northern part of the state is home to forests, while the southern part is mostly grasslands. The state is also home to a number of wildlife sanctuaries, including the Harike Pattan Wildlife Sanctuary and the Bir Shikargah Wildlife Sanctuary.
The wildlife of Punjab includes a number of endangered species, such as the blackbuck, the nilgai, and the chinkara. The state is also home to a number of birds, including the flamingo, the pelican, and the kingfisher.
The natural Resources of Punjab include coal, iron Ore, and limestone. The state is also home to a number of hydroelectric power Plants.
The human impacts on the Environment in Punjab have been significant. The state has experienced a rapid increase in population and Urbanization in recent years. This has led to a number of environmental problems, such as deforestation, Air Pollution, and Water Pollution.
The government of Punjab has taken a number of steps to address these environmental problems. These steps include the establishment of a number of environmental protection agencies, the implementation of a number of environmental laws, and the promotion of Sustainable Development.
Despite these efforts, the environmental problems in Punjab continue to be a major concern. The State Government needs to take further steps to address these problems in order to protect the environment for future generations.
In conclusion, Punjab is a state with a rich natural heritage. The state is home to a number of diverse Ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. The state is also home to a number of endangered species of wildlife. However, the state has also experienced a number of environmental problems in recent years. The government of Punjab needs to take further steps to address these problems in order to protect the environment for future generations.
What is Punjab?
Punjab is a region in South Asia that is now divided between India and Pakistan. The word “Punjab” comes from the Persian words “panj” (five) and “ab” (water), meaning “five rivers.” The five rivers that flow through Punjab are the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej.
What is the history of Punjab?
The history of Punjab is long and complex. The region was first inhabited by the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished from around 2600 to 1900 BCE. After the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization, Punjab was ruled by a number of different empires, including the Persian Empire, the Mauryan Empire, The Gupta Empire, and the Mughal Empire. In the 18th century, Punjab was conquered by the Afghans. In the 19th century, Punjab was annexed by the British East India Company. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Punjab was directly ruled by the British government. In 1947, Punjab was divided between India and Pakistan.
What is the culture of Punjab?
The culture of Punjab is rich and diverse. The people of Punjab are known for their hospitality, their love of music and dance, and their strong sense of community. Punjabi cuisine is also famous throughout the world.
What are the major cities in Punjab?
The major cities in Punjab include Lahore, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, and Patiala. Lahore is the capital of Punjab, Pakistan. Amritsar is the holiest city in Sikhism. Jalandhar is the largest city in Punjab, India. Ludhiana is the industrial capital of Punjab, India. Patiala is the former capital of the princely state of Patiala.
What is the economy of Punjab?
The economy of Punjab is based on agriculture, Industry, and Services. Agriculture is the largest sector of the economy, employing around 50% of the workforce. The main crops grown in Punjab are wheat, rice, cotton, and sugarcane. Industry is also an important sector of the economy, with major industries including textiles, engineering, and chemicals. Services are the fastest growing sector of the economy, with major services including tourism, Education, and healthcare.
What are the challenges facing Punjab?
Punjab faces a number of challenges, including POVERTY, Unemployment, and Environmental Degradation. Poverty is a major problem in Punjab, with around 20% of the population living below the Poverty Line. Unemployment is also a major problem, with around 10% of the workforce unemployed. Environmental degradation is also a major problem in Punjab, with water pollution, air pollution, and land degradation being major concerns.
What are the opportunities for Punjab?
Punjab has a number of opportunities, including its young population, its skilled workforce, and its strategic location. The young population of Punjab is a major asset, with around 60% of the population under the age of 30. The skilled workforce of Punjab is another major asset, with around 10% of the population having a college degree. The strategic location of Punjab is also a major asset, with the region being located at the crossroads of South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
Punjab: Climate and Natural Vegetation
Which of the following is the most important factor that influences the climate of Punjab?
(A) The Himalayas
(B) The Thar Desert
(C) The Arabian Sea
(D) The Bay of BengalThe climate of Punjab is characterized by:
(A) hot summers and cold winters
(B) hot summers and mild winters
(C) mild summers and hot winters
(D) mild summers and mild wintersThe average temperature in Punjab ranges from:
(A) 10°C to 30°C
(B) 20°C to 40°C
(C) 30°C to 50°C
(D) 40°C to 60°CThe average rainfall in Punjab is:
(A) 500 mm
(B) 1000 mm
(C) 1500 mm
(D) 2000 mmThe natural vegetation of Punjab is:
(A) tropical rainforest
(B) tropical deciduous forest
(C) temperate forest
(D) desert scrub
Punjab: Agriculture
Which of the following is the most important crop grown in Punjab?
(A) Wheat
(B) Rice
(C) Sugarcane
(D) CottonThe main agricultural practices in Punjab are:
(A) irrigation and mechanization
(B) Crop Rotation and fallowing
(C) Intercropping and multiple Cropping
(D) all of the aboveThe main Agricultural problems in Punjab are:
(A) waterlogging and salinity
(B) Soil erosion and deforestation
(C) pests and diseases
(D) all of the aboveThe main agricultural products of Punjab are:
(A) wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton
(B) milk, meat, eggs, fish
(C) fruits, vegetables, flowers
(D) all of the aboveThe main agricultural markets in Punjab are:
(A) Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar
(B) Patiala, Bathinda, Faridkot
(C) Mohali, Chandigarh, Ropar
(D) all of the above
Punjab: Industry
Which of the following is the most important industry in Punjab?
(A) Agriculture
(B) Manufacturing
(C) Services
(D) MiningThe main industrial areas in Punjab are:
(A) Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Amritsar
(B) Patiala, Bathinda, Faridkot
(C) Mohali, Chandigarh, Ropar
(D) all of the aboveThe main industrial products of Punjab are:
(A) textiles, machinery, chemicals
(B) iron and steel, cement, Fertilizers
(C) Food Processing, pharmaceuticals, electronics
(D) all of the aboveThe main industrial problems in Punjab are:
(A) pollution and environmental degradation
(B) labor unrest and strikes
(C) power shortage and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE bottlenecks
(D) all of the aboveThe main industrial markets in Punjab are:
(A) India
(B) South Asia
(C) the Middle East
(D) all of the above
Punjab: People and Culture
The main language spoken in Punjab is:
(A) Punjabi
(B) Hindi
(C) English
(D) UrduThe main religion practiced in Punjab is:
(A) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
(B) Sikhism
(C) Islam
(D) ChristianityThe main festivals celebrated in Punjab are:
(A) Baisakhi, Lohri, Diwali
(B) Holi, Dussehra, Eid
(C) Christmas, Easter, New Year
(D) all of the aboveThe main traditional foods of Punjab are:
(A) roti, chapati, naan
(B) rice, dal, curry
(C) tandoori chicken, butter chicken
(D) all of the aboveThe main traditional dances of Punjab are:
(A) bhangra, giddha
(B) Kathak, Mohiniyattam
(C) Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi
(D) all of the above