Pre-history of Chattishgarh

In an ‘incredibly significant find’, archaeologists have discovered prehistoric remains at a river bank in Chhattisgarh’s Sarguja district, indicating continued settlements in the area from prehistoric to late medieval period.

The tools and artefacts were found during exploration survey by archaeological department of Chhattisgarh government in January this year on the banks of river Renuka (called Renu by locals) in Mahespur area, nearly 40 km from district headquarters town of Ambikapur and around 350 km from Raipur.

Chhattisgarh is very rich in rock paintings ranging in age from Mesolithic to Historical period and as said above, some of the rock paintings date back even to Prehistoric Period. Many of the rock paintings throw interesting Light on the life ways and art of Early Man. By far the most prolific rock art sites in the state of Chhattisgarh are located in the district of Raigarh at Singhanpur, Kabra Pahar, Basnajhar, Ongna, Karmagarh, Khairpur, Botalda, Bhanwarkhol, Amargufa, Gatadih, Siroli Dongri, Bainipahar etc. Some of these were already known and a few were discovered during the course of two years survey in the district. At most of the sites pictures of snakes, birds, elephants, humped cattle, wild buffalo, wild boar, deer, rhinoceros, human figures, mermaids, hunting scenes, geometric designs, scenes of agricultural activity and dancing scenes in several colours have been drawn. In the district of Kanker some of the rock paintings are located in the shelters of Udkuda, Garagodi, Khairkheda, Kulgaon, Gotitola etc. In these shelters human figures, animal figures, palm prints, bullock carts, etc. are generally depicted. Rock art sites of Ghodsar and Kohabaur in the district of Koria are also worth mentioning. These have the paintings of human figures, animal figures, scenes of day to day life, generally painted in white. At Chitwa Dongri (Durg Dist.) interesting depiction of a Chinese human figure riding a donkey, pictures of dragons and those of agricultural scenes are depicted. In addition to the sites mentioned above, Limdariha in Bastar district and Sitalekhni, Oogdi etc. in Sarguja district have also yielded several interesting rock paintings. There are more sites, probably numbering over fifty, ranging generally from Middle Palaeolithic to Historical period located in the state of Chhattisgarh but these await proper documentation and research.

There are many rock paintings dates back to prehistoric period, and are thousands years back. Most of paintings and art on the rocks gives us an insights into the life of early human beings. In Raigarh you will find some of the rarest and interesting pieces at amargufa, bhanwarkhol, bainipahar, basanjhar, kabra pahar,singhanpur ongna, Karmagarh, khairpur ,Botalda,siroli dongri, etc.

Prehistoric Rock Paintings, Singharpur, Raigarh

A painted shelf is located at the place named Singhnpur in Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh state. This Shelter is south-facing and is built by nature over a hill on the hill 20 kilometers west of Raigad. Located on the Bilaspur-Jharsuguda section of the Central Southeast Railroad, this place is situated one kilometer away from the station Bhupdevpur. This is one of the ancient style sculptures found in Chhattisgarh, which dates to approximately 30 thousand years ago. They were discovered by Andersen around 1910. The first paintings of India paintings in 1918 and the 13th issue of Encyclopedia Britannica of Singargarh of Raigad district were published. Thereafter, Shri Amarnath Dutt surveyed Shell Pictures from 1923 to 1927 in Raigad and adjacent areas. Dr. N. Important information was given by Ghosh, D.H. Garden in this regard. Then self Important information was provided by Pandit Sri Lochan Prasad Pandey regarding the artworks.

The pictures of this shelter have become tarnished due to more time and natural side effects. The paintings include stairs, mermaid, hunting scenes, lined dancers and human bodies. Marking of mermaid, kangaroos, animals, goats and spirits is unique. The first 23 artifacts were seen in this shelter, out of which only 13 are left. Here the ladder long manmade nature is compared to the ladder found in Australia. Art culture of Adivansmen alive is still alive in the counting of various animal figures, forest buffaloes, monkeys, lizards and other paintings. Studies of paintings of painted sculptures provide information about the life and Environment and nature of the people living there. The images from the medieval period to the historical period have been found in the shelters located in different areas of the districts of Raigad, Bastar, Kanker, Durg, Korea. This monument is protected by the State of Chhattisgarh.

Kabra Pahad caves

Raigarh district is from the north-east to south-east of Odisha state border. Its northern area is covered with bihars, jungle, hillside. The southern part of it is a typical meadows. Admans could not make a house like today They lived in naturally made caves to escape the weather and wild animals. Those caves are called shelters (house of rocks).

Megalithic culture in chattishgarh

It is very difficult to say when the Paleolithic age came to an end and the Neolithic age began in this region. The fortified hill near Bade Donger must have been extremely useful for Neolithic dwellers. The variety of ground and polished tools and Pottery produced by the Neolithic people are unprecedented. Many of them are discovered from Garhdhanora, Rajpur, Garhchandela and Garhbodra of Sabari and Indravati valley. In fact, the domestication of animals was the first great step that people took in the conquest of nature. When the Neolithic people learnt to settle down in the grass lands they also cultivated vegetation and crop. Thus, the food gatherer became the food producer. agriculture also developed through the time but it was not at par with the modern type. The primitive agriculture known as hoe-cultivation or burn method are called as dippa/penda in Gondi language.

The primitive type of cultivation is still practiced by the hill maria of abhujmarh area. Based on the above information one may state that the aboriginal tribes of this region are the direct descendents of the Neolithic age. The theory related to the Migration of Indus people to this region is that, the naga people migrated to this region about 1700 BC. the emergence of a new culture of a more primitive stage. All over the maria Gond region, hundreds of megalithic tombs are found; and it is also the living culture to this day. The present day practices of memorial have many similarities with the practices of megalithic period. But one may not like to conclude that the present day tribal communities are the successor of megalithic period.

The prehistory of Chhattisgarh is a long and complex one, dating back to the Palaeolithic period. During this time, the region was inhabited by hunter-gatherers who lived in small groups. The Mesolithic period saw the development of agriculture and the first permanent settlements. The Neolithic period was a time of great change, as people began to live in larger villages and develop new technologies. The Chalcolithic period was a time of transition, as people began to use copper and bronze. The Iron Age saw the development of new technologies and the rise of powerful kingdoms.

The prehistory of Chhattisgarh is a fascinating and important part of the region’s history. It is a time that is still being studied and debated by archaeologists. However, it is clear that the region has a long and rich history that dates back to the earliest days of human habitation.

The Palaeolithic period is the earliest period of human habitation in Chhattisgarh. It is a time when humans were hunter-gatherers who lived in small groups. The first evidence of human habitation in Chhattisgarh dates back to the Lower Palaeolithic period, which lasted from about 2.5 million to 100,000 years ago. During this time, humans used simple stone tools to hunt animals and gather Plants. They lived in caves or simple shelters made of branches and leaves.

The Mesolithic period is a time of transition between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic periods. During this time, humans began to develop agriculture and live in permanent settlements. The first evidence of agriculture in Chhattisgarh dates back to the Mesolithic period, which lasted from about 10,000 to 5,000 years ago. During this time, humans began to domesticate plants and animals. They also began to build more permanent settlements, such as villages and towns.

The Neolithic period is a time of great change in human history. During this time, humans began to live in larger villages and develop new technologies. The first evidence of villages in Chhattisgarh dates back to the Neolithic period, which lasted from about 5,000 to 2,500 years ago. During this time, humans began to build more complex settlements, such as towns and cities. They also began to develop new technologies, such as pottery and metalworking.

The Chalcolithic period is a time of transition between the Neolithic and Iron Ages. During this time, humans began to use copper and bronze. The first evidence of copper and bronze in Chhattisgarh dates back to the Chalcolithic period, which lasted from about 2,500 to 1,000 years ago. During this time, humans began to develop new technologies, such as metallurgy and Irrigation. They also began to trade with other regions.

The Iron Age is a time of great development in human history. During this time, humans began to use iron. The first evidence of iron in Chhattisgarh dates back to the Iron Age, which lasted from about 1,000 to 200 years ago. During this time, humans began to develop new technologies, such as ironworking and warfare. They also began to build large empires.

What is the prehistory of Chhattisgarh?

The prehistory of Chhattisgarh is a long and complex one, dating back to the Stone Age. The earliest evidence of human habitation in the region comes from the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters, which are located in the southern part of the state. These shelters contain paintings and engravings that date back to at least 30,000 years ago.

The first major civilization to develop in Chhattisgarh was the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished from around 2600 to 1900 BCE. The Indus Valley Civilization was a complex urban Society with a sophisticated system of agriculture, trade, and writing.

After the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization, Chhattisgarh was ruled by a number of different kingdoms and empires. These included the Mauryan Empire, The Gupta Empire, and the Chalukya Empire.

In the 13th century, Chhattisgarh was invaded by the Delhi Sultanate. The Sultanate ruled the region for over 200 years, during which time they built a number of important mosques and forts.

In the 16th century, Chhattisgarh was conquered by the Mughal Empire. The Mughals ruled the region for over 100 years, during which time they built a number of important palaces and gardens.

In the 18th century, Chhattisgarh was ruled by a number of different Maratha dynasties. The Marathas were a powerful Hindu warrior group who ruled over much of central and southern India.

In the 19th century, Chhattisgarh was annexed by the British East India Company. The British ruled the region for over 100 years, during which time they built a number of important roads, railways, and schools.

In 1947, Chhattisgarh became a part of the independent nation of India. The state has since undergone a period of rapid development, and is now one of the most important industrial and agricultural regions in India.

What are some of the important historical sites in Chhattisgarh?

Some of the important historical sites in Chhattisgarh include:

The Bhimbetka rock shelters: These shelters contain paintings and engravings that date back to at least 30,000 years ago.
The Rajiv Gandhi Memorial: This memorial is dedicated to the former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi.
The Kanger Valley National Park: This national park is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, leopards, and elephants.
The Indravati National Park: This national park is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, leopards, and elephants.
The Bastar district: This district is home to a number of tribal groups, including the Gonds and the Baiga.

What are some of the important cultural aspects of Chhattisgarh?

Some of the important cultural aspects of Chhattisgarh include:

The Folk Music of Chhattisgarh: This music is characterized by its use of drums, flutes, and other traditional instruments.
The folk dance of Chhattisgarh: This dance is characterized by its use of colorful costumes and intricate footwork.
The cuisine of Chhattisgarh: This cuisine is characterized by its use of rice, lentils, and vegetables.
The festivals of Chhattisgarh: These festivals include the Magh Bihu, the Chaitra Navratri, and the Dussehra.

What are some of the important challenges facing Chhattisgarh?

Some of the important challenges facing Chhattisgarh include:

POVERTY: A large number of people in Chhattisgarh live below the Poverty Line.
Illiteracy: A large number of people in Chhattisgarh are illiterate.
Lack of Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE: Chhattisgarh has a poor infrastructure, which makes it difficult to transport goods and people.
Naxalism: Naxalism is a Maoist insurgency that is active in Chhattisgarh.
Environmental Degradation: Chhattisgarh is facing a number of environmental problems, including deforestation, Soil erosion, and Water Pollution.

Question 1

The earliest evidence of human habitation in Chhattisgarh dates back to the:

(A) Paleolithic period
(B) Mesolithic period
(C) Neolithic period
(D) Chalcolithic period

Answer
(A) The Paleolithic period is the earliest period of human prehistory, beginning about 2.5 million years ago and ending about 10,000 years ago. During this time, humans were hunter-gatherers who lived in small groups. The earliest evidence of human habitation in Chhattisgarh dates back to this period.

Question 2

The most important archaeological site in Chhattisgarh is:

(A) the Raipur Museum
(B) the Rajiv Gandhi Zoological park
(C) the Bhimbhetka rock shelters
(D) the Kanger Valley National Park

Answer
(C) The Bhimbhetka rock shelters are a group of about 800 rock shelters located in the Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh. The shelters contain some of the earliest known rock paintings in India, dating back to the Paleolithic period.

Question 3

The main occupation of the people of Chhattisgarh during the pre-historic period was:

(A) agriculture
(B) hunting
(C) gathering
(D) all of the above

Answer
(D) The people of Chhattisgarh during the pre-historic period were hunter-gatherers who lived in small groups. They hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food.

Question 4

The first major civilization to develop in Chhattisgarh was the:

(A) Indus Valley Civilization
(B) Harappan Civilization
(C) Chalcolithic Civilization
(D) None of the above

Answer
(A) The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the Indus River valley from 3300 to 1300 BCE. The civilization was centered in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India, and it extended into parts of Afghanistan and eastern Iran. The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world, and it was characterized by its sophisticated urban planning, its advanced system of water management, and its well-developed trade Network.

Question 5

The main religion of the people of Chhattisgarh during the Indus Valley Civilization was:

(A) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
(B) Buddhism-2/”>Buddhism
(C) Jainism
(D) None of the above

Answer
(D) The Indus Valley Civilization did not have a single, unified religion. The people of the Indus Valley Civilization worshipped a variety of gods and goddesses, and they practiced a variety of religious rituals.

Question 6

The Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1300 BCE due to a combination of factors, including:

(A) Climate change
(B) invasion
(C) internal conflict
(D) all of the above

Answer
(D) The Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1300 BCE due to a combination of factors, including Climate Change, invasion, and internal conflict. Climate change may have led to a decline in agricultural productivity, which in turn led to social unrest and conflict. Invasion by foreign peoples may have also contributed to the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Question 7

After the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization, Chhattisgarh was ruled by a number of different kingdoms, including:

(A) the Mauryan Empire
(B) the Gupta Empire
(C) the Chalukya Empire
(D) all of the above

Answer
(D) After the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization, Chhattisgarh was ruled by a number of different kingdoms, including the Mauryan Empire, the Gupta Empire, and the Chalukya Empire. These kingdoms were all powerful and influential, and they played a major role in the development of Chhattisgarh.

Question 8

The Mauryan Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in Indian history. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE, and it reached its peak under the rule of Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BCE. The Mauryan Empire was a centralized state with a strong Bureaucracy. It was also a tolerant empire that allowed for religious freedom.

Question 9

The Gupta Empire was another powerful empire that ruled over parts of Chhattisgarh. It was founded by Chandra Gupta I in the 4th century CE, and it reached its peak under the rule of Samudragupta in the 4th century CE. The Gupta Empire was a golden age for Indian culture and Learning. It was a time of great economic prosperity and Cultural Development.

Question 10

The Chal