Pre history of Andhra Pradesh

Paleolithic culture in Andhra Pradesh

Kurnool

The Ketavaram rock paintings from the Paleolithic era and are (18 kilometres from Kurnool). Also the Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta and Yaganti in Kurnool District have some important rock art and paintings in the vicinity, may be dated from 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.

Belum Caves

The Belum Caves is the largest and longest cave system open to the public on the Indian subcontinent, known for its speleothems, such as stalactite and stalagmite formations. The Belum Caves have long passages, galleries, spacious caverns with fresh water and siphons. This natural underground cave system was formed over the course of tens of thousands of years by the constant flow of underground water.

The early village settlements of Neolithic culture in Kurnool district

Archaeological research in Kurnool district began in the later half of 19th century a number of attempts have been made by various scholars and discovered many stone sites in different areas. Later on several individual scholars and a few of ASI brought to Light several Proto historic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Meghalithic sites. The present study has been made on the Early village settlements of Neolithic culture in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh. This study reveals that Neolithic material culture represented from these sites include Pottery, tools and objects of pecked and ground stone Industry, blade artifacts, animal remains, plant remaining along with other cultural material for the reconstruction of socio- economic and other cultural features being designated as the first village communities in the area concerned indicating the potentiality of the present region in view of first settled way of life in the form of village and other cultural process that had occurred within the Neolithic culture need attention for our understanding in the area drained by Kunderu and its numerous streams in the southern part of the Kurnool district.

Some other Neolithic cultures of Andhra Pradesh

Nagarjunakonda in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh
Ramapuram in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh
Veerapuram in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh

The stone tools of the Neolithic people consisted of ground stone tools like axes, adzes, wedges, chisels, microliths and stone blades. At Palavoy a rich bone tool assemblage comprising axes, blades and points has been found. In the later stages of the culture copper and bronze tools also came to be used.

The pottery was initially only handmade, of poor quality and drab grey colour, and consisted of jars, spouted vessels and bowls of various sizes, sometimes decorated with incised designs. In later stages wheel made, sturdy pottery, occasionally decorated with painted motifs, also came into use. An important new ceramic was the black-and-red ware.

The Neolithic people lived in circular or rectangular wattle-and-daub huts with floors having stone paving. Large stones were placed around the huts on the outside to protect them from winds. There is evidence of a burnt hut at the site of Sanganakallu which indicate that the huts had a thatched roof.

Megalithic culture in Andhra Pradesh

In South India the earliest iron objects appear in connection with the megalithic sites. At most of the sites the earlier Neolithic phase overlaps with the megalithic cultural levels.

In the Andhra Pradesh Kadambapur, Nagarjunkonda, Gallapalli and Amravati can be identified as the major megalithic sites.

The megalithic sites of South India yield ample evidence regarding specialized craft activities. Different kinds of pottery have been unearthed, including the diagnostic Black and Red Ware. Some decorative shapes are distinctive, like the lidded pot moulded in the form of some animal or bird. The graves are replete with beads of various kinds. Copper and bone artefacts and a sprinkling of gold and silver objects occur at most of the sites. But at the majority of the sites iron objects outnumber the objects made of other metals. The widespread use of iron in everyday life is clearly attested by the discovery of iron utensils, weapons, carpentry tools and agricultural implements.

Few megalithic graves contain bones of children and there is a very high Percentage of adult male burials. The same burial area continued to be used for centuries. The south Indian megaliths overlapped with the early historical layers. It seems that the graves were not used more than once or twice in a generation. They probably represent the site of burial for a small elite group within a ranked Society.

The prehistory of Andhra Pradesh is a long and complex one, dating back to the Stone Age. The earliest evidence of human habitation in the region comes from the Acheulian tools found at the site of Attirampakkam, which date back to around 1.5 million years ago. The region was also home to a number of Mesolithic cultures, including the Megalithic culture and the Neolithic culture. The first evidence of agriculture in the region dates back to around 5000 BC, and the first urban settlements appeared around 2000 BC. The region was ruled by a number of different dynasties over the centuries, including the Satavahana dynasty, The Ikshvaku Dynasty, and the Chalukya dynasty. The region was also home to a number of different religions, including Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism, Buddhism-2/”>Buddhism, and Jainism.

Stone Age

The Stone Age is the earliest period of human history, and it is characterized by the use of stone tools. The Stone Age is divided into three periods: the Paleolithic, the Mesolithic, and the Neolithic. The Paleolithic period is the longest period of the Stone Age, and it lasted from around 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago. The Paleolithic period is characterized by the use of simple stone tools, such as hand axes and choppers. The Mesolithic period is a transitional period between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic periods, and it lasted from around 10,000 years ago to around 5000 years ago. The Mesolithic period is characterized by the use of more sophisticated stone tools, such as polished axes and knives. The Neolithic period is the last period of the Stone Age, and it lasted from around 5000 years ago to around 3000 years ago. The Neolithic period is characterized by the development of agriculture and the use of Metal tools.

Mesolithic culture

The Mesolithic culture is a culture that developed in the Middle East and North Africa around 10,000 years ago. The Mesolithic culture is characterized by the use of microliths, which are small stone tools that were used for hunting and gathering. The Mesolithic culture also saw the development of new technologies, such as pottery and weaving.

Neolithic culture

The Neolithic culture is a culture that developed in Europe and Asia around 5000 years ago. The Neolithic culture is characterized by the development of agriculture, which allowed people to settle down in one place and grow their own food. The Neolithic culture also saw the development of new technologies, such as pottery, weaving, and metalworking.

Agriculture

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating Plants and Livestock. Agriculture was first developed in the Fertile Crescent, which is a region in the Middle East that includes modern-day Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Agriculture allowed people to settle down in one place and grow their own food. This led to the development of new technologies, such as pottery, weaving, and metalworking.

Urban settlements

Urban settlements are large human settlements that are characterized by a high Population density and a complex social structure. The first urban settlements appeared around 5000 BC in the Fertile Crescent. Urban settlements allowed people to specialize in different tasks, which led to the development of new technologies and the rise of new Social Classes.

Dynasties

A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family or lineage. The first dynasties in Andhra Pradesh were the Satavahana dynasty and the Ikshvaku dynasty. The Satavahana dynasty ruled Andhra Pradesh from around 230 BC to around 220 AD. The Ikshvaku dynasty ruled Andhra Pradesh from around 270 AD to around 350 AD. The Satavahana and Ikshvaku dynasties were both Buddhist dynasties, and they promoted the spread of Buddhism in Andhra Pradesh.

Religions

The major religions in Andhra Pradesh are Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Hinduism is the oldest Religion in India, and it is the majority religion in Andhra Pradesh. Buddhism is a religion that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama in the 6th century BC. Buddhism spread to Andhra Pradesh in the 3rd century BC, and it became the dominant religion in the region during the Satavahana dynasty. Jainism is a religion that was founded by Mahavira in the 6th century BC. Jainism spread to Andhra Pradesh in the 3rd century BC, and it became a major religion in the region during the Ikshvaku dynasty.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh:

What is the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh?
The prehistory of Andhra Pradesh is the period of time before the written record. It is a time when people lived in small groups and hunted and gathered food.
What are some of the earliest evidence of human habitation in Andhra Pradesh?
The earliest evidence of human habitation in Andhra Pradesh is found at the site of Attirampakkam. This site is dated to around 30,000 years ago.
What were the major cultures that existed in Andhra Pradesh during the prehistory?
The major cultures that existed in Andhra Pradesh during the prehistory are the Neolithic culture, the Chalcolithic culture, and the Iron Age culture.
What were the major achievements of these cultures?
The major achievements of these cultures include the development of agriculture, the use of metal tools, and the construction of large monuments.
What happened to these cultures?
These cultures eventually disappeared, but their legacy can still be seen in the culture of Andhra Pradesh today.
What are some of the challenges facing the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh?
One of the challenges facing the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh is the lack of written records. This makes it difficult to learn about the lives of people who lived during this time.
What are some of the opportunities for the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh?
One of the opportunities for the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh is the discovery of new sites. This could provide us with more information about the lives of people who lived during this time.
What are some of the misconceptions about the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh?
One of the misconceptions about the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh is that it was a time of darkness and ignorance. However, this is not true. People who lived during this time were very intelligent and capable.
What are some of the sources of information about the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh?
Some of the sources of information about the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh include archaeological sites, rock art, and oral traditions.
What are some of the ways that the prehistory of Andhra Pradesh is relevant to the present day?
The prehistory of Andhra Pradesh is relevant to the present day because it helps us to understand the roots of our culture. It also shows us how people have adapted to change over time.

The earliest inhabitants of Andhra Pradesh were:
(a) The Indus Valley Civilization
(b) The Aryans
(c) The Dravidians
(d) The Adivasis
The first major kingdom in Andhra Pradesh was:
(a) The Satavahanas
(b) Cholas/”>The Cholas
(c) The Pallavas
(d) The Vijayanagara Empire
The capital of the Satavahanas was:
(a) Amaravati
(b) Nagarjunakonda
(c) Warangal
(d) Vijayawada
The Satavahanas were known for their:
(a) Art and architecture
(b) Literature and poetry
(c) Religion and philosophy
(d) Trade and Commerce
The Cholas were known for their:
(a) Art and architecture
(b) Literature and poetry
(c) Religion and philosophy
(d) Trade and commerce
The Pallavas were known for their:
(a) Art and architecture
(b) Literature and poetry
(c) Religion and philosophy
(d) Trade and commerce
The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by:
(a) Harihara I
(b) Bukka Raya I
(c) Krishnadevaraya
(d) Achyutaraya
The Vijayanagara Empire was known for its:
(a) Art and architecture
(b) Literature and poetry
(c) Religion and philosophy
(d) Trade and commerce
The Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by:
(a) The Bahmani Sultanate
(b) The Mughal Empire
(c) The MARATHA EMPIRE
(d) The British East India Company
The modern state of Andhra Pradesh was formed in:
(a) 1953
(b) 1956
(c) 1969
(d) 1972