Personnel Law
Human resource managers in the twenty-first century are faced with an unprecedented intrusion of law into the workplace. The recent rise in EMPLOYMENT litigation and heightened awareness of employee rights in the last decade should signal to management that now more than ever, educating personnel executives in the trends and developments of employment law is crucial.
Personnel generally means a body of persons employed in an organization or workplace. The term is generic and doesn’t typically distinguish between classifications of those employed, such a full or part-time, temporary or permanent, etc. Precise definitions vary by entity.
Financial law
Financial law is the law and regulation of the insurance, Derivatives, commercial Banking, capital markets and Investment management sectors. Understanding Financial law is crucial to appreciating the creation and formation of banking and financial regulation, as well as the legal framework for finance generally. Financial law forms a substantial portion of commercial law, and notably a substantial proportion of the global economy, and legal billables are dependent on Sound and clear legal policy pertaining to financial transactions. Therefore financial law as the law for financial industries involves public and private law matters. Understanding the legal implications of transactions and structures such as an indemnity, or overdraft is crucial to appreciating their effect in financial transactions. This is the core of Financial law. Thus, Financial law draws a narrower distinction than commercial or corporate law by focusing primarily on financial transactions, the financial market, and its participants; for example, the sale of goods may be part of commercial law but is not financial law. Financial law may be understood as being formed of three overarching methods, or pillars of law formation and categorised into five transaction silos which form the various financial positions prevalent in finance.
For the regulation of the Financial Markets, see Financial regulation which is distinguished from financial law in that regulation sets out the guidelines, framework and participatory rules of the financial markets, their stability and protection of consumers; whereas financial law describes the law pertaining to all aspects of finance, including the law which controls party behaviour in which financial regulation forms an aspect of that law.
Administrative Law
Administrative law is the body of law that governs the administration and regulation of government agencies (both federal and state). In the U.S., Congress or state legislatures create administrative law. It encompasses the procedures under which government agencies operate, as well as the external constraints upon them. Administrative law is considered a branch of public law and is often referred to as regulatory law.
The Growth of Administrative Law
In 1885 Albert Venn Dicey, a British jurist, rejected the whole concept of Administrative law. Hence, the numerous statutory discretionary powers given to the executives and administrative authorities and control exercised over them were all disregarded to be able to form a separate branch of law by the legal thinkers. Until the 20th Century, Administrative law was not accepted as a separate branch of law. It was only later that the existence of Administrative law came to be recognised.
The Lord Donoughmore Committee, in 1929, recommended for better publication and control of subordinate legislation. The principle, King can do no wrong, was abolished and the scope of Administrative law expanded by virtue of the Crown Proceeding Act in 1947 which allowed initiating civil proceedings against the Crown as against any private person.
In the United States of America, the existence of administrative law and its growth was ignored until it grew up to become the fourth branch of the State. By then many legal scholars like Frank Goodnow and Ernst Freund had already authored a few books on Administrative law. It was in 1933 that a special committee was appointed to determine how judicial control over administrative agencies could be exercised. Thereafter, in 1946 The Administrative Procedure Act was passed which provided for judicial control over administrative actions.
Importance and role of administrative laws
The concept of a welfare state
As the States changed their nature from laissez-faire to that of a welfare state, government activities increased and thus the need to regulate the same. Thus, this branch of law developed.
The inadequacy of legislature
The legislature has no time to legislate upon the day-to-day ever-changing needs of the Society. Even if it does, the lengthy and time-taking legislating procedure would render the rule so legislated of no use as the needs would have changed by the time the rule is implemented. Thus, the executive is given the power to legislate and use its discretionary powers. Consequently, when powers are given there arises a need to regulate the same.
The inefficiency of Judiciary
The judicial procedure of adjudicating matters is very slow, costly complex and formal. Furthermore, there are so many cases already lined up that speedy disposal of suites is not possible. Hence, the need for Tribunals arose.,
Personal Law
Personal law is a body of law that governs the relationships between individuals. It includes laws on marriage, divorce, adoption, wills and inheritance, guardianship, child custody, and family law.
Marriage is a legal union between two people. It is a civil contract that creates a number of rights and responsibilities for the spouses. In most jurisdictions, marriage is a prerequisite for having children.
Divorce is the legal Dissolution of a marriage. It is a complex process that can be emotionally and financially draining. In most jurisdictions, both spouses must agree to a divorce before it can be granted.
Adoption is the legal process of taking a child into one’s family as a permanent member. It is a complex process that can be emotionally and financially draining. In most jurisdictions, both the adoptive parents and the child must be evaluated by a social worker before an adoption can be finalized.
Wills and inheritance are the legal documents and processes that govern the distribution of a person’s assets after death. A will is a legal document that states how a person’s assets should be distributed after death. If a person does not have a will, their assets will be distributed according to the laws of intestacy in their jurisdiction.
Guardianship is the legal relationship between a guardian and a ward. A guardian is a person who is appointed by a court to care for the person and property of a minor or an incapacitated adult.
Child custody is the legal right to make decisions about a child’s upbringing. In most jurisdictions, both parents have equal rights to custody of their children. However, in some cases, one parent may be awarded sole custody of the children.
Family law is a body of law that governs the relationships between family members. It includes laws on marriage, divorce, adoption, child custody, and child support.
Financial Law
Financial law is a body of law that governs the financial transactions between individuals and businesses. It includes laws on contracts, torts, property law, business law, securities law, bankruptcy law, and tax law.
Contracts are agreements between two or more parties. They are legally binding and can be enforced in court. Torts are civil wrongs that cause harm to another person. They can be intentional or unintentional. Property law is the body of law that governs the ownership and use of property. Business law is the body of law that governs the relationships between businesses. Securities law is the body of law that governs the sale and purchase of securities. Bankruptcy law is the body of law that governs the process of declaring bankruptcy and discharging debts. Tax law is the body of law that governs the collection of taxes by the government.
Administrative Law
Administrative law is a body of law that governs the actions of administrative agencies. Administrative agencies are government agencies that are responsible for carrying out the laws passed by legislatures. They have a great deal of power, and their actions can have a significant impact on the lives of individuals and businesses.
Administrative agencies are created by legislatures to carry out specific tasks. They are given a great deal of discretion in how they carry out their duties. However, their actions are subject to Judicial Review, and they can be overturned by courts if they are found to be unlawful.
Administrative agencies are governed by a number of procedural rules. These rules are designed to ensure that agencies act fairly and in accordance with the law. They also provide a way for individuals and businesses to challenge the actions of agencies.
Administrative law is a complex and ever-changing field. It is important to stay up-to-date on the latest developments in administrative law in order to protect your rights.
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about different topics:
- What is the meaning of life?
The meaning of life is a question that has been asked by philosophers and theologians for centuries. There is no one answer that everyone agrees on, but some possible answers include: to find happiness, to make a difference in the world, to learn and grow, and to connect with others.
- What is the best way to live a happy life?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as what makes one person happy may not make another person happy. However, some things that are often associated with happiness include having strong relationships, pursuing your passions, and giving back to others.
- What is the purpose of Education?
The purpose of education can vary depending on the individual and the society in which they live. Some possible purposes of education include: to prepare people for the workforce, to help people develop their minds and talents, and to promote social and Economic Development.
- What is the best way to learn?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as different people learn in different ways. However, some general tips for Learning include: being motivated, setting goals, practicing regularly, and getting feedback.
- What is the best way to manage your time?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as different people have different needs and preferences. However, some general tips for managing your time include: setting priorities, creating a schedule, and sticking to it.
- What is the best way to make decisions?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as different people make decisions in different ways. However, some general tips for making decisions include: gathering information, considering all of your Options, and choosing the option that you think is best.
- What is the best way to deal with Stress?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as different people deal with stress in different ways. However, some general tips for dealing with stress include: identifying your stressors, finding healthy ways to cope with stress, and getting enough sleep.
- What is the best way to improve your Health?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as different people have different needs and preferences. However, some general tips for improving your health include: eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.
- What is the best way to be successful in life?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as different people define success in different ways. However, some general tips for being successful in life include: setting goals, working hard, and never giving up.
Which of the following is not a type of law?
(A) Personal law
(B) Financial law
(C) Administrative law
(D) Criminal lawWhich of the following is not a personal law?
(A) Hindu law
(B) Muslim law
(C) Christian law
(D) Administrative lawWhich of the following is not a financial law?
(A) Tax law
(B) Securities law
(C) Bankruptcy law
(D) Administrative lawWhich of the following is not an administrative law?
(A) Administrative procedure law
(B) Government contracts law
(C) Environmental law
(D) Personal lawWhich of the following is not a type of crime?
(A) Felony
(B) Misdemeanor
(C) Administrative law violation
(D) Civil wrongWhich of the following is not a type of civil wrong?
(A) Tort
(B) Contract breach
(C) Criminal offense
(D) Administrative law violationWhich of the following is not a type of tort?
(A) Negligence
(B) Intentional tort
(C) Strict liability
(D) Administrative law violationWhich of the following is not a type of intentional tort?
(A) Battery
(B) Assault
(C) Defamation
(D) Administrative law violationWhich of the following is not a type of defamation?
(A) Libel
(B) Slander
(C) Invasion of privacy
(D) Administrative law violationWhich of the following is not a type of invasion of privacy?
(A) False Light
(B) Public disclosure of private facts
(C) Intrusion upon seclusion
(D) Administrative law violation