Noun

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Noun


Important Notes & Rules of Noun

A noun is a group of word that is usually forms the name of a person, place, thing, quality, or ideas. Nouns can be singular or plural.

Noun can be grouped into many forms like, Proper noun (includes names), countable noun & Uncountable noun.

General Rules to make plural of a Noun:

  1. Latin words (…..us changes to ….i)
  • Syllabus – Syllabi,
  • Fungus – Fungi,
  • Focus – Foci,
  • Radius – Radii
  • Locus – loci
  1. …..on changes to ….a
  • Criterion – Criteria,
  • Phenomenon – Phenomena
  1. …..um changes to ….a
  • Datum – Data
  • Bacterium – Bacteria
  • Stratum – Strata
  1. …..is changes to ….es
  • Axis – Axes
  • Oasis – Oases
  • Hypothesis – Hypotheses

 

In compound noun “s” is added to an important noun

  • Maid Servant: Maid Servants
  • Chief Minister: Chief Ministers
  • Sister-in-law: Sisters-in-law
  • Major general: Major Generals

 

Digits & letters are made plural by adding  ’s  to them.

Like, P’s, 9’s

For example:

  • There are two P’s in puppet.

 

Abbreviation are made plural by adding small s to them

Like MLAs, BAs, CMs

For example:

  • National security meet in the national capital was attended by all the CMs.
  • Only BAs are eligible to apply for this post.

 

Some nouns have different meanings in singular and plural.

For example:

  • Pain & Pains (Effort)
  • Physic (Medicine) & Physics (Subject)
  • Iron & Irons (Handcuff)
  • Good & Goods (Commodity)
  • Order & Orders (Official Instruction)

 

Use of Possessive Case

  1. If there are two nouns & both are non-living we use of instead of apostrophe.

For example:

  • The fan of the room, The leg of the table
  1. If there are two nouns & both are living or one is living we use ‘s

For example:

  • Ram’s Brother, Garima’s Beautiful Garden, Rakhi’s Diary
  1. Apostrophe is not used with possessive Pronoun like his, hers, yours ours etc.

For example:

  • Yours truly
  • Yours faithfully
  1. If the last letter is s than we only use Apostrophe

For example:

  • Boys’ Hostel
  • Dickens’ Novel
  • Girls’ School
  1. a) We use ‘s with noun words that shows time, weight, distance, amount, or personified noun.

For example:

  • An hour’s distance
  • A rupee’s worth
  • A kilometer’s journey
  • Nature’s Laws
  1. b) Some non-living noun also take ‘s to show respect.

For example:

  • A court’s order
  • At duty’s call
  1. c) With phrases

For example:

  • at wit’s end
  • at a stone’s throw
  1. If the last letter of a word make hissing Sound (….ce, ….s)& the word sake is after it. We use only apostrophe

For example:

  • Justice’ Sake
  • Conscience’ Sake
  • Goodness’ Sake
  1. Double Apostrophe is not used if it represents the same person.

For example: 

  • My Friend’s brother’s wife has expired. (Wrong)
  • The wife of my friend’s brother has expired.
  1. When else is coming with word like somebody, nobody apostrophe s is used with else.

For example:

  • I cannot rely on somebody else’s word.
  • I obey your orders and nobody else’s.

Certain nouns are always used in singular in form & function.

Some Words:

  • Progress
  • Music
  • Bread
  • Homework
  • Scenery
  • Furniture
  • Information
  • Luggage
  • Baggage
  • land
  • Vacation
  • Luck
  • Dirt
  • Dust
  • Electricity
  • Damage etc

Usage of Nouns which are always used in singular in form & function

  • The scenery of Kashmir is breathtaking.
  • This furniture is no longer usable.
  • We require five pieces of furniture for our new office.
  • They left their luggage at the airport.

Certain Nouns are always plural in form & function.

Some Words:

  • Alms
  • Tongs
  • Slippers
  • Goggles
  • Scissors
  • Spears
  • Binoculars
  • Vegetables
  • Eatables
  • Outskirts etc

Usage of Nouns which are always used in plural in form & function

Alms given to the beggar are sometime misused.

Eatables are not allowed in the metro station.

Scissors are required for cutting the paper.

A pair of scissors is required at the office.

NOTE:

  • Poem is Countable noun (So it can singular and plural) while Poetry is uncountable noun (so it is always used as singular).
  • Cost/Marketing is used by dealer & price/Shopping is used by customer.

 

 

Questions:

Level-I

Find out the errors in the following sentences –

1.  The Indian team defeated the Sri Lankan team by an inning.

2. Last year, I went to Kashmir and liked the scenery there.

3. These kind of shirts are not liked by me.

4. He gave me a hundred rupees note.

5. Virat Kohli has completed his 7 thousands runs in One Day International matches.

6. The Hindus, the Sikhs, the Christians, the Muslims all are brothers and must live together with love and peace.

7. This news has published in one of the esteemed newspaper of the country.

8. She provided me with two information I had been seeking for.

9. The child weighs only two stones.

10. Five yokes of oxen were grazing in the field.

11. I met him several time last month.

12. There are two fruit for you in the breakfast.

13. His house town is Chandigarh.

14. She is our English teacher.

15. One of his son has gone to Dubai.

16. Fishes can’t live without water.

17. The price of production of this item is very high.

18. There were 54 candidates for lectureship.

19. They are my family members.

20. She is my cousin sister.

 

Level-II

21. We are yet starting (1) / offering this facility to (2) / our customers as we are (3) / awaiting approval from the Board. (4) / No error (5)

22. The Chairmen of all large (1) / Public Sector Banks met with (2) / senior RBI officials to give its (3) / suggestions about implementing the new policy. (4) / No error (5).

 23. They have not fully considered (1) / the impact that relaxing (2) / these guidelines is likely (3)/ to have with the economy (4) / No error (5)

24. Had this notification (1) / been amended earlier, (2) / we could have stopped (3) / the transfer of funds. (4) / No error (5)

 25. There are many insurance (1) / disputes nowadays because of (2) / most people do not fully (3) / understand the terms and conditions of their policies (4) / No error (5)

26. India needs a value Education system (1) / who will inculcate values (2) / among the students and (3) / enrich their personalities. (4) / No error (5)

Answers:

Level-I

1. an innings

 2. the given sentence is correct

 3. kinds

 4. hundred rupee note

 5. thousand run

 6. brethren

7. newspapers

8. the given sentence is correct

9. stone

10. yoke

 11. times

 12. fruits

13. home town

 14. our teacher of English

15. sons

16. Fish

17. cost in place of price

 18. the given sentence is correct

 19. They are members of my family

 20. Cousin doesn’t take brother or sister with it.

 

 

Level-II

21. Replace we are yet starting by we are yet to start.

22. Replace its by their.

23. Replace to have with the economy by to have on the economy.

25. No Spotting error

25. Replace disputes now a days because of by disputes now a days because. It is superfluous to use preposition of as subordinate clause follows.

26. Replace relative pronoun who by which because non-living thing has been used

 


,

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, idea, or action. Nouns are the most common type of word in the English language, and they can be classified into many different categories.

  • Common nouns are general names for things, places, or people. For example, “dog” is a common noun because it can refer to any dog.
  • Proper nouns are specific names for people, places, or things. For example, “Fido” is a proper noun because it is the name of a specific dog.
  • Concrete nouns are nouns that refer to things that can be perceived by the senses. For example, “table” is a concrete noun because it is something that can be seen, touched, and heard.
  • Abstract nouns are nouns that refer to things that cannot be perceived by the senses. For example, “love” is an abstract noun because it is something that cannot be seen, touched, or heard.
  • Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted. For example, “apple” is a countable noun because you can count the number of apples in a group.
  • Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted. For example, “water” is an uncountable noun because you cannot count the number of waters in a group.
  • Regular nouns are nouns that form their plurals by adding “-s” or “-es” to the end of the word. For example, the plural of “dog” is “dogs.”
  • Irregular nouns are nouns that do not form their plurals by adding “-s” or “-es” to the end of the word. For example, the plural of “man” is “men.”
  • Masculine nouns are nouns that refer to male people or animals. For example, “boy” is a masculine noun.
  • Feminine nouns are nouns that refer to female people or animals. For example, “girl” is a feminine noun.
  • Neuter nouns are nouns that refer to things or animals that are neither male nor female. For example, “table” is a neuter noun.
  • Singular nouns are nouns that refer to one person, place, thing, idea, or action. For example, “dog” is a singular noun.
  • Plural nouns are nouns that refer to more than one person, place, thing, idea, or action. For example, “dogs” is a plural noun.

Nouns can also be classified according to their case. The case of a noun tells us how it is used in a sentence. There are five cases in English: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and instrumental.

  • The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. For example, in the sentence “The dog ate the bone,” the noun “dog” is in the nominative case.
  • The genitive case is used to show possession or relationship. For example, in the sentence “The dog’s bone,” the noun “dog” is in the genitive case.
  • The dative case is used to show the indirect object of a sentence. For example, in the sentence “I gave the dog a bone,” the noun “dog” is in the dative case.
  • The accusative case is used for the direct object of a sentence. For example, in the sentence “I gave the dog a bone,” the noun “bone” is in the accusative case.
  • The instrumental case is used to show the means by which something is done. For example, in the sentence “I cut the bone with a knife,” the noun “knife” is in the instrumental case.

Nouns can also be used in noun phrases. A noun phrase is a group of words that contains a noun and any modifiers that go with it. For example, in the sentence “The big dog ate the bone,” the noun phrase is “the big dog.”

Nouns can also be used as subjects, objects, predicates, direct objects, indirect objects, subject complements, object complements, appositives, possessives, adjectivals, adverbials, gerunds, participles, infinitives, noun clauses, adjectival clauses, adverbial clauses, relative clauses, interrogative clauses, and exclamatory clauses.

Nouns are an essential part of the English language. They are used to name people, places, things, ideas, and actions. Nouns can be classified into many different categories, and they can be used in a variety of ways in sentences.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about nouns:

  • What is a noun?
    A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

  • What are the different types of nouns?
    There are three main types of nouns: common nouns, proper nouns, and abstract nouns.

  • What are common nouns?
    Common nouns are general names for people, places, things, or ideas. For example, “dog” is a common noun.

  • What are proper nouns?
    Proper nouns are specific names for people, places, things, or ideas. For example, “Fido” is a proper noun because it is the specific name of a dog.

  • What are abstract nouns?
    Abstract nouns are names for things that cannot be seen or touched, such as feelings, emotions, or ideas. For example, “love” is an abstract noun.

  • What are some examples of nouns?
    Some examples of nouns are:

  • Person: man, woman, child

  • Place: city, country, state
  • Thing: book, pen, chair

  • Idea: love, peace, happiness

  • What are some common noun phrases?
    Some common noun phrases are:

  • The dog ate the bone.

  • The man in the red shirt is my friend.
  • The girl with the long hair is my sister.
  • The house on the corner is for sale.

  • The car in the driveway is new.

  • What are some proper noun phrases?
    Some proper noun phrases are:

  • The United States of America

  • The Empire State Building
  • The Mona Lisa
  • The Great Wall of China

  • The Taj Mahal

  • What are some abstract noun phrases?
    Some abstract noun phrases are:

  • The feeling of love

  • The emotion of sadness
  • The idea of peace

  • The concept of happiness

  • What are some common noun synonyms?
    Some common noun synonyms are:

  • Person: man, woman, child, human being

  • Place: city, town, village, country, state, nation
  • Thing: object, ARTICLE, item, thingamajig, doohickey

  • Idea: thought, concept, notion, idea, belief

  • What are some common noun antonyms?
    Some common noun antonyms are:

  • Person: animal, creature, being

  • Place: location, spot, area
  • Thing: object, article, item

  • Idea: thought, concept, notion

  • What are some common noun examples in a sentence?
    Some common noun examples in a sentence are:

  • The man ate the apple.

  • The woman walked down the street.
  • The child played in the park.
  • The dog barked at the cat.

  • The car drove down the road.

  • What are some proper noun examples in a sentence?
    Some proper noun examples in a sentence are:

  • The United States of America is a country in North America.

  • The Empire State Building is a skyscraper in New York City.
  • The Mona Lisa is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci.
  • The Great Wall of China is a wall that was built in ancient China.

  • The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum in India.

  • What are some abstract noun examples in a sentence?
    Some abstract noun examples in a sentence are:

  • The feeling of love is a powerful emotion.

  • The emotion of sadness is a common human experience.
  • The idea of peace is a goal that many people strive for.
  • The concept of happiness is a complex one.

Sure, here are some multiple choice questions about nouns:

  1. Which of the following is a noun?
    (a) The
    (b) To
    (c) Run
    (d) He

  2. Which of the following is a common noun?
    (a) Dog
    (b) Happiness
    (c) Love
    (d) The Eiffel Tower

  3. Which of the following is a proper noun?
    (a) Dog
    (b) Happiness
    (c) Love
    (d) The Eiffel Tower

  4. Which of the following is a concrete noun?
    (a) Love
    (b) Happiness
    (c) Thought
    (d) Chair

  5. Which of the following is an abstract noun?
    (a) Love
    (b) Happiness
    (c) Thought
    (d) Chair

  6. Which of the following is a singular noun?
    (a) Dogs
    (b) Houses
    (c) Children
    (d) People

  7. Which of the following is a plural noun?
    (a) Dogs
    (b) Houses
    (c) Children
    (d) People

  8. Which of the following is a countable noun?
    (a) Water
    (b) Sand
    (c) Air
    (d) Love

  9. Which of the following is an uncountable noun?
    (a) Water
    (b) Sand
    (c) Air
    (d) Love

  10. Which of the following is a collective noun?
    (a) Family
    (b) Herd
    (c) Team
    (d) Flock

I hope these questions were helpful!