Mission for integrated development of horticulture

Special Promotional Programme for Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture-development/”>Horticulture Development

Definition of Horticulture:

Horticulture may be broadly defined as the Science and art of growing fruits, vegetables and flowers and crops like spices condiments and other Plantation Crops.
It is a science of cultivation of Garden Plants.
The word Horticulture in derived from the Latin word Hortus meaning enclosure (garden) and culture – meaning, cultivation,. Thus Horticulture mans culture or cultivation of garden crops.

Branches of Horticulture:

Horticultural Science is the most distinct branch of Agricultural Sciences and call be divided into four different branches as follow.

Main Branches:

Pamology– It deals with cultivation of fruit crops.
Olericulture- It deals with cultivation of Vegetable Crops
Floriculture- It deals with cultivation of ornamental flowers and land scaping.
Fruit and
vegetable preservation- It deals with the principles of fruit and vegetable preservation

Sub Branches:

Plantation and Medicinal plants.
Ornamental Gardening
Landscape gardening and
Nursery plant production

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for the holistic Growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew, cocoa and bamboo.
While Government of India (GOI) contributes 85% of total outlay for developmental programmes in all the states except the states in North East and Himalayas, 15% share is contributed by State Governments.
In the case of North Eastern States and Himalayan States, GOI contribution is 100%. Similarly, for development of bamboo and programmes of National Horticulture Board (NHB), Coconut Development Board (CDB), Central Institute for Horticulture (CIH), Nagaland and the National Level Agencies (NLA), GOI contribution will be 100%.

MISSION OBJECTIVES

Main objectives of the Mission are:

Promote holistic growth of horticulture sector, including bamboo and coconut through area based regionally differentiated strategies, which includes research, technology promotion, extension, post harvest management, processing and Marketing, in consonance with comparative advantage of each State/region and its diverse agro-climatic features;
Encourage aggregation of farmers into farmer groups like FIGs/FPOs and FPCs to bring economy of scale and scope.
Enhance horticulture production, augment farmers, income and strengthen nutritional security;
Improve productivity by way of quality germplasm, planting material and water use efficiency through Micro Irrigation.
Support Skill development and create EMPLOYMENT generation opportunities for rural youth in horticulture and post harvest management, especially in the cold chain sector.

National Horticulture Board (NHB)

National Horticulture Board (NHB) was set up by Government of India in April 1984 on the basis of recommendations of the “Group on Perishable Agricultural Commodities”, headed by Dr M. S. Swaminathan, the then Member (agriculture), Planning Commission, Government of India.
The NHB is registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act 1860, with its headquarters at Gurgaon.

Aims & Objectives of NHB Schemes

The main objectives of the NHB are to improve integrated development of Horticulture Industry and to help in coordinating, sustaining the production and processing of fruits and vegetables. Detailed objectives of the Board are as under:-

Development of hi-tech commercial horticulture in identified belts and make such areas vibrant with horticultural activity, which in turn will act as hubs for development of horticulture.
Development of modern post-harvest management Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE as an integral part of area expansion projects or as common facility for cluster of projects.
Development of integrated, energy efficient cold chain infrastructure for fresh horticulture produce.
Popularization of identified new technologies / tools / techniques for commercialization / adoption, after carrying out technology and need assessment.
Assistance in securing availability of quality planting material by promoting setting up of scion and root stock banks / mother plant nurseries and carrying out accreditation / rating of horticulture nurseries and need based imports of planting material.
Promotion and market development of fresh horticulture produce.
Promotion of field trials of newly developed/imported planting materials and other farm inputs; production technology; PHM protocols, INM and IPM protocols and promotion of applied R&D programmes for commercialization of proven technology.
Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Horticulture through demonstration and its uses at farmers field level to reduce labour cost and increase the productivity of Horticulture crops.
Promotion of applied R & D for standardizing PHM protocols, prescribing critical storage conditions for fresh horticulture produce, bench marking of technical standards for cold chain infrastructure etc.
Transfer of technology to producers/farmers and service providers such as gardeners, nurserymen, farm level skilled workers, operators in cold storages, work force carrying out post harvest management including processing of fresh horticulture produce and to the master trainers.
Promotion of consumption of horticulture produce and products.
Promoting long distance transport solution for bulk movement of horticulture produce through rail etc.
Carrying out studies and surveys to identify constraints and develop short and long term strategies for systematic development of horticulture and providing technical Services including advisory and consultancy services.

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture in North East and Himalayan States

Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Technology Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture in North East and Himalayan States has been renamed as Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan States (HMNEH) during 2010-11.
The scheme is being implemented in a mission mode with an end-to-end approach which includes development and introduction of high yielding varieties and technologies, expansvion of area, post harvest handling and management, marketing, value addition and processing of horticulture produce with following four Mini Missions, namely:
Mini Mission I – Research: Coordinated and implemented by Indian Council of Agricultural Research. This Mini Mission concentrates on technology generation appropriate to the region. Major components under MM-I are supply of basic seed and planting material, technology standardization, refinement, on farm demonstration and training.
Mini Mission ii – Production and Productivity : Coordinated by Department of Agriculture & Cooperation and implemented by State Departments of Horticulture/ Agriculture. This mini mission aims at increasing production and productivity of Horticulture crops by adoption of improved production Technologies.
Mini Mission iii – Post-Harvest Management and Marketing : Coordinated by Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, implemented by Directorate of Marketing & Inspection and National Horticulture Board. This Mini Mission aims for efficient post-harvest management, techniques, which include development of cold storage facilities, efficient transport and marketing facilities.
Mini Mission IV – Processing: Coordinated and implemented by Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India. This Mini Mission aims at promoting processing industry for value addition to Horticultural produce by promoting new processing units and up gradation of existing units.

Coconut Development Board (CDB)

Coconut Development Board (CDB) is a statutory body established under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Government of India for the integrated development of coconut and coconut-related products.
Coconut Development Board is a statutory body established by the Government of India for the integrated development of coconut production and utilization in the country with focus on productivity increase and product diversification.
The Board which came into existence on 12 January 1981, functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, with its Headquarters at Kochi in Kerala and Regional Offices at Bangalore in Karnataka, Chennai in Tamil Nadu and Guwahati in Assam.
There are six State Centres situated at Bhubaneswar in Orissa, Calcutta in West Bengal, Patna in Bihar, Thane in Maharashtra, Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh and Port Blair in the Union Territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
The Board has 9 Demonstration cum Seed Production (DSP) Farms in different locations of the country and now 7 farms are maintained.
A Market Development cum Information Centre has established in Delhi. The Board has set up a Technology Development Centre at Vazhakulam near Aluva in Kerala.

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURE

Recognizing the importance for institutional support for development of horticulture in NE Region, Government of India has sanctioned a Central Sector Scheme for setting up of Central Institute of Horticulture in Nagaland during January, 2006. The financial outlay for the setting up of Institute over a period of 5 years is Rs.20 crores.
The Institute is being set up at Medziphema in an area of 43.50 ha, which is situated at 35 kms. from Dimapur and 45 kms. from Kohima city on National Highway 39.
It has an elevation ranging from 250 to 300 metres having temperature between 12 to 35 degree centigrade and Average rainfall of 2500 mm.
The area has low hilly terrains with good Soil suitable for growing most of the sub tropical horticultural crops. The objectives and the identified programmes of the Institute are as given below:

Objectives of the Institute

The main objective of the Institute is to support horticulture development in the N.E. region through:

Capacity building by training of trainers, extension officers, farmers, entrepreneurs, processors and exporters,
Demonstration of improved technologies such as use of improved varieties / hybrids, adoption of INM / IPM practices, Hi-tech farming, precision farming, protected cultivation, post harvest technology, etc, and
Follow-on extension support in the field of horticulture.
Promotion of organic cultivation of horticultural crops.
Establishing convergence and synergy among programmes in the field of horticultural research and development.
monitoring of Centrally sponsored programmes in the area of horticulture

National Horticulture Mission

Structure of the National Horticulture Mission

Minister of agriculture is the chairman of this mission and Ministers of Commerce, Health, Finance, Food Processing Industries, Panchayati Raj, Science & Technology, Rural Development, Micro, Small and Medium enterprises are its members.

Covered Components

It works on “Cluster Basis’. This means that the designated authority at the district level would choose a cluster of minimum 100 hectares, seek necessary approval & sanction and utilize the Money under the programme -with the aim of achieving the desired goals.
These goals are achieved by deploying modern and hi-tech interventions and duly ensuring backward and forward linkages. A Cluster, as contemplated in the NHM, comprises area of not less than 100 hectares under a horticulture crop.
The intervention is done in the following components

Plantation Infrastructure and Development-Nurseries, Tissue Culture labs

The support is available for setting up a nursery for producing quality plant material. However, nursery should be minimum with 1 hectare in area.
The mission does not support establish the new Tissue Culture (TC) units.
However, assistance is provided for rehabilitation/ strengthening of existing TC Units subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs.8.00 lakhs in Public sector and Rs.4.00 lakhs for Private sector

Establishment of New Gardens

The farmers can get assistance for 3 years for development of a new garden of a horticulture crop.

Rejuvenation of Old and Senile Orchards

NHM provides support for rejuvenating senile plantations @ 50% of the cost subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs.15, 000/- per ha limited to 2 ha per beneficiary.

Other Support Areas

Integrated Pest Management/Integrated Nutrient Management
Protected Cultivation
Organic Farming
Pollination Support through Bee keeping
Creation of Water Sources
Mechanization
HRD ( such as at Krishi Vigyan Kendra)
Post Harvest Management
Marketing
Primary Processing
Contract Farming
Mushroom Cultivation
Precision Farming

Role of Agencies in the National Horticulture Mission

National Horticulture Board (NHB), Gurgaon: NHB at Gurgaon houses the national level Technology Support Group or TSG.
Directorate of Cashew and Cocoa Development (DCCD), Kochi: Responsible for plantation crops, other than coconut and areca nut.
Directorate of Arecanut and Spices Development (DASD), Calicut: Responsible for areca nut, spices, and aromatic plants.
National Committee on Plasticulture Applications in Horticulture (NCPAH), New Delhi: Responsible for precision farming and hitech horticulture through Precision Farming Development Centres (PFDCs).
Coconut Development Board (CDB), Kochi: Coconut based Intercropping of vegetables etc.
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), New Delhi: Development of AgriExport Zones (AEZ) for horticultural crops.
Directorate of Marketing & Inspection (DMI), New Delhi: Providing market intelligence and monitoring of programmes relating to marketing of horticulture crops.
Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MFPI), New Delhi: Processing of horticultural produce, out of their own budget provision. MFPI will ensure convergence of their schemes with NHM cluster.
National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), New Delhi: Development of medicinal plants in coordination with NHM.
National Horticulture Research & Development Foundation (NHRDF), Nasik: Vegetables and vegetable seeds.

The Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) is a government program in India that aims to promote the development of horticulture. The MIDH has several sub-topics, including crop production, post-harvest management, marketing and promotion, Human resource development, institutional development, research and development, Infrastructure Development, and policy reforms.

Crop production is the focus of the MIDH’s first sub-topic. This sub-topic aims to increase the production of horticultural crops by providing farmers with access to improved seeds, Fertilizers, and pesticides. The MIDH also provides extension services to farmers, which helps them to improve their Farming practices.

The MIDH’s second sub-topic is post-harvest management. This sub-topic aims to improve the quality and safety of horticultural produce by providing farmers with access to cold storage facilities and processing plants. The MIDH also provides extension services to farmers, which helps them to improve their post-harvest practices.

The MIDH’s third sub-topic is marketing and promotion. This sub-topic aims to increase the demand for horticultural produce by conducting market research, developing new products, and promoting horticultural produce through campaigns. The MIDH also provides support to farmers who want to export their produce.

The MIDH’s fourth sub-topic is human resource development. This sub-topic aims to train and build the capacity of people involved in the horticulture sector by providing training programs, workshops, and seminars. The MIDH also provides scholarships to students who want to pursue careers in horticulture.

The MIDH’s fifth sub-topic is institutional development. This sub-topic aims to strengthen the institutions involved in the horticulture sector by providing capacity building, infrastructure development, and policy reforms. The MIDH also provides support to farmers’ cooperatives and other institutions that support the horticulture sector.

The MIDH’s sixth sub-topic is research and development. This sub-topic aims to develop new technologies and practices for the horticulture sector by conducting research programs, providing extension services, and providing grants and subsidies. The MIDH also supports the development of new varieties of horticultural crops.

The MIDH’s seventh sub-topic is infrastructure development. This sub-topic aims to develop the infrastructure needed for the horticulture sector by constructing roads, bridges, irrigation facilities, and cold storage facilities. The MIDH also provides support to farmers who want to build their own infrastructure.

The MIDH’s eighth sub-topic is policy reforms. This sub-topic aims to reform the policies that affect the horticulture sector by advocating for changes in trade policies, Taxation policies, and Investment policies. The MIDH also provides support to farmers who want to comply with government regulations.

The MIDH is a comprehensive program that aims to promote the development of horticulture in India. The MIDH’s sub-topics address the key issues that affect the horticulture sector, and the MIDH’s activities are designed to improve the lives of farmers and consumers.

What is horticulture?
Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, and trees.

What are the benefits of horticulture?
Horticulture has many benefits, both for individuals and for society as a whole. For individuals, horticulture can provide a sense of accomplishment, relaxation, and connection to nature. It can also be a source of food, income, and employment. For society as a whole, horticulture can help to improve air quality, reduce crime, and promote social cohesion.

What are the different types of horticulture?
There are many different types of horticulture, each with its own unique set of practices and techniques. Some common types of horticulture include:

Fruit and vegetable production: This type of horticulture involves the cultivation of fruits and vegetables for human consumption.
Ornamental horticulture: This type of horticulture involves the cultivation of plants for their beauty or aesthetic value.
Landscape horticulture: This type of horticulture involves the design and maintenance of landscapes, including gardens, parks, and other outdoor spaces.
Nursery horticulture: This type of horticulture involves the production and sale of plants, including seedlings, cuttings, and bulbs.
Floriculture: This type of horticulture involves the cultivation of flowers for commercial purposes.

What are the different methods of horticulture?
There are many different methods of horticulture, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some common methods of horticulture include:

Conventional horticulture: This type of horticulture uses synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers, to control pests and diseases and to improve crop yields.
Organic horticulture: This type of horticulture does not use synthetic chemicals, and instead relies on natural methods, such as Crop Rotation and companion planting, to control pests and diseases.
Sustainable horticulture: This type of horticulture takes into account the long-term health of the Environment and the people who work in it. It uses practices that are environmentally friendly and that do not deplete natural Resources.

What are the challenges of horticulture?
Horticulture faces many challenges, including:

Pests and diseases: Pests and diseases can damage crops and make them difficult to grow.
Weather conditions: Extreme weather conditions, such as droughts and floods, can damage crops and make it difficult to grow them.
Economic factors: The cost of inputs, such as land, labor, and water, can make it difficult to grow crops profitably.
Political factors: Government policies can affect the profitability of horticulture, such as tariffs on imported goods or subsidies for domestic producers.

What is the future of horticulture?
The future of horticulture is uncertain. However, there are some trends that suggest that horticulture will continue to be important in the future. These trends include:

The growing demand for fresh, healthy food: As the world’s Population grows, the demand for fresh, healthy food will increase. This will create opportunities for horticulture businesses that can provide these products.
The increasing popularity of urban agriculture: Urban agriculture is the practice of growing food in urban areas. This is becoming more popular as people become more interested in sustainability and Food Security.
The development of new technologies: New technologies, such as vertical farming and hydroponics, are making it possible to grow crops in more efficient and sustainable ways. These technologies could revolutionize the way that horticulture is practiced in the future.

Which of the following is not a type of horticulture?
(A) Floriculture
(B) Olericulture
(C) Pomiculture
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture
Which of the following is not a benefit of horticulture?
(A) Increased food production
(B) Improved soil quality
(C) Reduced water usage
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture
Which of the following is not a challenge of horticulture?
(A) Pests and diseases
(B) Climate change
(C) Labor shortages
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture
Which of the following is not a goal of horticulture?
(A) To increase food production
(B) To improve the Quality Of Life
(C) To protect the environment
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture
Which of the following is not a way to improve horticulture?
(A) Use new technologies
(B) Train more workers
(C) Invest in research
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture
Which of the following is not a type of horticultural crop?
(A) Fruits
(B) Vegetables
(C) Flowers
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture
Which of the following is not a way to market horticultural products?
(A) Direct marketing
(B) Wholesale markets
(C) Retail stores
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture
Which of the following is not a way to promote horticulture?
(A) Education
(B) Public relations
(C) Government support
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture
Which of the following is not a way to conserve water in horticulture?
(A) Drip Irrigation
(B) Mulching
(C) Soaker hoses
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture
Which of the following is not a way to reduce pests and diseases in horticulture?
(A) Integrated pest management
(B) Biological control
(C) Rotation of crops
(D) Mission for integrated development of horticulture