<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/migration/”>Migration of Karnataka
Karnataka (originally Mysore) formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of state reorganization act 1956. Karnataka is southern state of India surrounded by Maharastra and Goa in North, Tamil Nadu and Kerala in south, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in east and Arabian sea in west. The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres, or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India and is 7th largest by area among states.
Total Population of Karnataka is 61,130,704 in the 2011 census of which (50.7%) were male and about (49.3%) were female.. Karnataka is 8th largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. The analysis of Population Census 2011 published by Govt. of India for Karnataka state reveal that population of Karnataka has increased by 15.60% in this decade (2001-2011). The density of Karnataka state in the current decade is 825 per sqmile(or 319 per sq km).
This increase in population is because of various reasons and Migration is one of the three basic reasons of population Growth (other two are fertility and mortality). It plays an important role in improving economic and social conditions of people. Indian constitution gives basic freedom to its citizens to move to any part of the country, right to reside and earn livelihood of their choice. A number of factors play an important role in decision to move, like economic, social, cultural and political factors.Migration affects not only the size but also the composition of the population of both origin and destination.
By Aanalysing the trend and pattem of various types of migration, such as Intra-district, Inter-district, Inter-state, rural-rural, rural-urban, urban-urban and urban-rural migration in Karnataka and the reasons behind the migration one can say that there is total out migration form Karnataka .
Volume and trend of migration in Karnataka:
According to 2001 census, 16.2 million persons out of total population of 52.8 million in Karnataka were enumerated at a place different from the place of birth and thus termed as migrants. This constitutes 30.62 % (31.26 percent in 1971) of the total population of the state in 2001. In terms of absolute figures, number has increased from 9.1 million in 1971 to 16.2million in 2001.
Sex wise difference in migration In 2001, 20.65% male and 40.95% female population enumerated outside their place of birth in Karnataka. The prevailing marriage custom in India of brides moving to place of groom after marriage terms most of female as migrants in major reason of migration of female. But still, Percentage of female migrants is lower in Karnataka compared to India as a whole.
Distance and direction of migration flows:
It is evident from census that migrants mainly move over short distances, they move within district. As distance increases proportion of migrants decreases.Out of total migrants in Karnataka, intra-district migration dominates contributes to about 58.90percent in total in 2001; inter-district migration was 27.80 percent and international migration was 0.27 percent of population.Inter-district, interstate and international male migration is higher than that of female migration in all the census years, but intra-district male migration is lower than female migration in both Karnataka and India.The proportion of migrants moved due to EMPLOYMENT related reasons, increases with the increasing distance. Where as proportion of migrants moving due to marriage decline remarkably with the distance.
Reasons for migration:
Reasons for migrations are many and varied over time. In 1981, the reasons for migration was categorized into five groups viz., employment, Education, family moved, marriage and others. Wheares in 2001 and later new dimensions like business, drought (Lambani community) andother natural calamities were became significant. In 2001, 11.37 % have migrated for work/employment, 0.94 percent for business, 2.08 percent for education, 42.31 percent for marriage purpose, 9.58 percent for moved after birth, 12.30 percent moved with household and 21.43 percent migrants moved due to other reasons.
The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) data (2007–08) shows that while the rate of migration in Karnataka is pegged at 38, there are vast differences between caste groups. It is 25.7 per cent for the Scheduled Tribes (STs), 34 per cent for the Scheduled Castes (SCs), 41 per cent for the other backward classes (OBCs) and 38 per cent for others. Rural-to-rural migration that is highest among SCs (73 per cent) and STs (78 per cent), as opposed to OBCs (58 per cent), others (42 per cent), and Average (56 per cent). Rural-to-rural migration is in search of agricultural wage labour from dry to irrigated areas, from subsistence crop areas to commercial crop areas.Rural to urban migration is next to rural to rural migration in terms of volume. Rural to urban migration is mainly economic in nature and accompanies the process of modernization and industrialization.According to 2011 Census — strong bias against Dalits is also a major reason for migration patterns as they move out to access education and employment.
Reason for in migration in Karnataka:
In the past decade itself around 37 lakh students have left their home states to study in Karnataka, the most popular choice for migrating students in India. This is mainly because of improvement of quality education, emergence of new private universities, new IITs, new IIMs and greater awareness levels, students prefer to change states and not countries.
More than 85 percent of in-migrants are from the neighbouring state of Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Maharastra and Kerala while, 94 percent of out-migrants from Karnataka going to the neighbouring state of Maharastra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Kerala and Goa in 2001.
Finally, “Migration is good if it is for a good opportunity, but distress migrants migrate out of compulsion, and they end up being in a worse situation than in their place of origin. They work for very low wages and in bad conditions. Dalit labourers selectively face discrimination in hiring. In rural areas, they are denied employment in certain categories of jobs, while in others they are forced to engage.”
Population share in rural-urban areas in Karnataka
Social group – Rural – Urban
SCs – 71.6 – 28.4
STs – 80.7 – 19.3
Others – 57.2 – 42.8
All – 61.9 – 38.1
(Source: Census Of India, 2011)
Rate of migration according to social groups in Karnataka
Total– 38
Scheduled Castes –34
Scheduled Tribes – 25.7
OBCs – 41
Others – 38
(Source: National Sample Survey (2007-08))
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Migration in Karnataka
Karnataka is a state in southern India. It is the ninth-largest state in India by area and the sixth-most populous state with over 61 million inhabitants. The state is home to a diverse population of people from different ethnic, linguistic, and religious backgrounds.
Migration is a major demographic phenomenon in Karnataka. The state has experienced both internal and international migration. Internal migration refers to the movement of people within the state, while international migration refers to the movement of people into or out of the state.
Internal migration in Karnataka is driven by a number of factors, including economic opportunities, education, and family ties. The state has a number of major cities, such as Bangalore, Mysore, and Hubli-Dharwad, which are major centers of economic activity. These cities attract migrants from rural areas in search of employment. Education is another major factor driving internal migration. The state has a number of good universities and colleges, which attract students from all over India. Family ties are also a major factor in internal migration. Many people move to Karnataka to be with their family members who are already living in the state.
International migration in Karnataka is also driven by a number of factors, including economic opportunities, education, and family ties. The state has a number of major industries, such as information technology, Biotechnology, and manufacturing, which attract migrants from other countries. Education is another major factor driving international migration. The state has a number of good universities and colleges, which attract students from all over the world. Family ties are also a major factor in international migration. Many people move to Karnataka to be with their family members who are already living in the state.
The migration policy of Karnataka is designed to regulate and manage migration in the state. The policy aims to promote orderly and sustainable migration, and to protect the rights of migrants. The policy also aims to address the challenges posed by migration, such as social unrest and crime.
The migration impact in Karnataka is both positive and negative. On the positive side, migration has helped to boost the state’s economy. Migrants have brought with them new skills and ideas, which have helped to create jobs and businesses. Migration has also helped to improve the state’s Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE. Migrants have invested in housing, education, and healthcare, which has benefited the local population.
On the negative side, migration has also led to some problems. For example, migration has led to an increase in the cost of living in some areas. Migration has also led to social unrest in some areas, as migrants and locals have clashed over Resources.
Migration data in Karnataka is collected by the State Government. The data is used to track migration trends, and to develop policies to address the challenges posed by migration. The data is also used to provide support to migrants, such as language training and job placement assistance.
Migration research in Karnataka is conducted by a number of universities and research institutions. The research focuses on a variety of topics, such as the causes of migration, the impact of migration, and the policies to address the challenges posed by migration. The research is used to develop policies to improve the lives of migrants and to promote orderly and sustainable migration.
Migration organizations in Karnataka are working to improve the lives of migrants. The organizations provide a variety of Services to migrants, such as language training, job placement assistance, and legal aid. The organizations also advocate for the rights of migrants and for policies that promote orderly and sustainable migration.
Migration websites in Karnataka provide information about migration in the state. The websites provide information about the causes of migration, the impact of migration, and the policies to address the challenges posed by migration. The websites also provide information about the services available to migrants.
What is migration?
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. It can be voluntary or involuntary, and it can be short-term or long-term.
What are the causes of migration?
There are many reasons why people migrate. Some of the most common reasons include:
- Economic opportunity: People may migrate in search of better jobs or higher wages.
- Political instability: People may migrate to escape war, violence, or persecution.
- Natural disasters: People may migrate to escape natural disasters such as floods, Earthquakes, or hurricanes.
- Environmental Degradation: People may migrate to escape environmental degradation such as deforestation, Desertification, or pollution.
- Family reunification: People may migrate to reunite with family members who live in another country.
- Education: People may migrate to pursue higher education or vocational training in another country.
What are the effects of migration?
Migration can have both positive and negative effects on the sending and receiving countries. Some of the positive effects of migration include:
- Increased Remittances: Migrants often send Money back to their families in their home countries. This can help to improve the standard of living in those countries.
- Increased trade: Migration can lead to increased trade between sending and receiving countries. This can benefit both countries.
- Increased cultural exchange: Migration can lead to increased cultural exchange between sending and receiving countries. This can enrich both cultures.
Some of the negative effects of migration include:
- Brain drain: When skilled workers migrate to other countries, it can deprive their home countries of the skills they need to develop.
- Social unrest: Migration can lead to social unrest in both sending and receiving countries. This is because migrants may face discrimination or be exploited by employers.
- Environmental degradation: Migration can lead to environmental degradation in both sending and receiving countries. This is because migrants may clear forests, pollute water supplies, or overgraze land.
What are the policies that governments use to manage migration?
Governments use a variety of policies to manage migration. Some of the most common policies include:
- Visa requirements: Governments may require migrants to obtain visas before they can enter their country.
- Border controls: Governments may use border controls to prevent migrants from entering their country illegally.
- Deportation: Governments may deport migrants who are found to be living in their country illegally.
- Integration policies: Governments may provide integration services to help migrants adjust to life in their new country.
What are the challenges of managing migration?
Managing migration can be challenging for governments. Some of the challenges include:
- The large number of migrants: The number of migrants worldwide is increasing, which makes it difficult for governments to keep track of them.
- The diversity of migrants: Migrants come from a variety of countries and cultures, which makes it difficult for governments to develop policies that meet the needs of all migrants.
- The illegal migration: A significant number of migrants enter countries illegally, which makes it difficult for governments to control migration.
- The social and economic impact of migration: Migration can have a significant social and economic impact on both sending and receiving countries. This makes it difficult for governments to develop policies that are beneficial to all parties involved.
Which of the following is not a reason for migration?
(A) To find better job opportunities
(B) To escape from natural disasters
(C) To get married
(D) To studyWhich of the following is not a type of migration?
(A) Internal migration
(B) International migration
(C) Rural-to-urban migration
(D) Urban-to-rural migrationWhich of the following is not a factor that affects migration?
(A) Economic factors
(B) Social factors
(C) Political factors
(D) Environmental factorsWhich of the following is not a consequence of migration?
(A) Brain drain
(B) Cultural change
(C) Economic growth
(D) Social unrestWhich of the following is not a policy that can be used to manage migration?
(A) Visa restrictions
(B) Border controls
(C) Remittances
(D) Integration programsWhich of the following is not a challenge that migrants face?
(A) Language barriers
(B) Discrimination
(C) POVERTY
(D) Social isolationWhich of the following is not a right that migrants have?
(A) The right to work
(B) The right to education
(C) The right to Health care
(D) The right to voteWhich of the following is not a way to help migrants?
(A) Providing them with language training
(B) Helping them find jobs
(C) Providing them with housing
(D) Giving them Citizenship-2/”>CitizenshipWhich of the following is not a myth about migration?
(A) Migrants take jobs away from locals.
(B) Migrants are a drain on the economy.
(C) Migrants are criminals.
(D) Migrants are a threat to national security.Which of the following is not a fact about migration?
(A) The number of migrants worldwide is increasing.
(B) Most migrants move to find better job opportunities.
(C) Migrants often face discrimination and social isolation.
(D) Migrants can make a positive contribution to their host countries.