LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN ODISHA

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LANGUAGE  AND LITERATURE  IN ODISHA

Odisha (formerly Orissa) is one of the 29 states of India, established on 1 April 1936and located in the eastern coast. It covers an area of around 1,55,707 square kilometers It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand  to the north,Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south and south-west Chhattisgarh  to the west and north-west.

Odisha has a rich culture and tradition and is also known as ‘the land of temples’ as the state is home to several exotic temples. The major attraction here is the classical Odissi dance form and is famous all over the world.The dance form is all about the love of Lord Krishna andRadha.  The culture has been influenced by religions like Jainism, Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism and Buddhism-2/”>Buddhism.

Apart from this, the handicrafts and handloom sector of Odisha is famous not only in India but also in various other countries. Many of Odisha’shandicrafts and handloom items are given tag of geographical  indications.The silver filigree work, picture frames, saris and ikat fabrics are very famous.

The Raghurajpur is a famous painting form and this  painting comprise scenes from Indian mythology and the prime characters are deities of Puri temple – Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra.

Languages:

 

Odiawas first discovered in Urajang in 1051 A.D. It  is the only Indo-European language of India other than Sanskrit and the 6th Indian language that has been conferred Classical Language status and forms the basis of Odissi dance and Odissi music.

Oriya has been recognised as the Official Language of Odisha and is most widely spoken language in state. The native inhabitants belonged to the Aryan family and the language here is similar to that of Bengali, Assamese and Maithili. Over the years Oriya has formed many other variations in the language like the Baleswari, Bhatri, Laria, Sambalpuri, Ganjami, Chattisgarhi, and Medinipuri.84% of the Population in state speak Oriya. It is also one of the oldest languages in India.

There are other languages that are spoken here by people who come from different states. Hindi is the second most spoken language that is popular and is widely accepted. Besides, Urdu and Bengali along with Telugu is also spoken by some people. English is spoken only by those who are literate.

Literature:

The beginning of Odia poetry coincide with the development of Charyapada, the literature thus started by Mahayana Buddhist poets. Ashokan inscriptions at Dhauli hills near Bhubaneswar (3rd Century B.C.) provide specimens of Magadhi sub-dialect.The language of Charya was considered to be Prakrit.The first great poet of Odisha is the famous Sarala Das who wrote The Mahabharata. SaralaMahabharat has 152,000 verses compared to 100,000 in the Sanskrit versionof  Mahabharata. It is, however, an established fact that Oriya emerged as a separate and independent language around the tenth and eleventh A.D. with a standard Oriya script.

In  the 16th century, five poets known as Panchashakhasemerged. These are Balaram Das, Ananta Das,Jagannath Das, Achyutananada Das and Jasobanta Das. They believed in the same school of thought, UtkaliyaVaishnavism. The Panchasakhas are very much Vaishnavas by thought and preachings. The Bhakti literature in Oriya also flourished during time.

Literature  was developing under pattorn of local leaders and later with the arrival of British, the first Oriya printing typeset was cast in 1836 by the Christian missionariesThe first Oriya Magazine of BodhaDayini was publishedin 1861 from Balasoreto promote Odia literature and to draw attention to the lapses in government policy. Later the  first Oriya paper, The UtkalDeepika published in 1866.

RadhanathRay  in influence with the English Literature wrote Chandrabhaga, Nandikeshwari, Usha, Mahajatra, Darbar and Chilika were the long poems or Kavyas.  Later, a literary thought emerged with the influence of Gandhiji, and idealistic trend of Nationalism formed as a new trend in Odia literature. Further literature  influenced by the romantic thoughts of Rabindranath Tagore.

The traditional Oriya theatre is the folk opera (Jatra), which flourishes in the rural areas of Odisha. In 1960s, experimental theatre made a mark through the works of M. Das, who pioneered the new theatre movement under brand of experimentalism but Modern theatre is not so famous in Odisha.

Modern Oriya Literature :

 

This started with  British occupation of  Orissa in 1803 A.D. The western impact was felt in every aspect of Oriya literature. The Oriya writers took interest in new genera like poetry, fiction, essays, drama, etc. Traditional Oriya poetry was replaced by elegy, ode, lyric, sonnet etc.

Fakir Mohan Senapatiis considered the Father of modern Oriya literature. Fakirmohan had a unique style of his own, using colloquial Oriya language replete with humour and satire. These Literary creations remain unsurpassed even today. The foundation of modern Oriya short story was also laid by Fakirmohan in late nineteenth century. His first short story was Rebati’ published in 1898.. He wrote scores of short stories covering the then Oriya village life, Society, urban centers etc.

Other modern Oriya literaturer during the late 19th and early 20th century periods were Radhanath Ray, MadhusudanRao and GangadharMeher.

Currently “The OdishaSahityaAkademi”, the apex literary organization of the State of Odisha, was established in the year 1957 by the Govt. of Odisha, Education dept. with an autonomous status to work actively for the development of Oriya literature and to set high literary standards, to foster and coordinate literary registered in the year 1970 under the Society Registered Actof 1860.,

Odia is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 35 million people in India, primarily in the state of Odisha. It is the seventh most spoken language in India and the 22nd most spoken language in the world. Odia is a classical language, with a rich literary tradition dating back to the 7th century.

Odia literature is one of the oldest and richest in India. The earliest known Odia literary work is the Mahabharata, which was translated into Odia in the 11th century. The 12th century saw the rise of Odia poetry, with the works of Upendra Bhanja and Sarala Dasa. The 14th century saw the rise of Odia drama, with the works of Dinabandhu Mishra and Balaram Dasa. The 16th century saw the rise of Odia fiction, with the works of Fakir Mohan Senapati and Gopinath Mohanty. The 19th century saw the rise of Odia essays, with the works of Madhusudan Das and Gopabandhu Das. The 20th century saw the rise of Odia criticism, with the works of Surendranath Dasgupta and K.C. Sahoo.

Odia linguistics is the study of the Odia language. It includes the study of the history of the language, its grammar, its phonology, its morphology, its syntax, and its semantics. Odia lexicography is the study of Odia dictionaries. It includes the study of the history of Odia dictionaries, the structure of Odia dictionaries, and the use of Odia dictionaries. Odia bibliography is the study of Odia books. It includes the study of the history of Odia books, the types of Odia books, and the authors of Odia books.

Odia folklore is the traditional knowledge and beliefs of the Odia people. It includes folktales, folk songs, folk dances, folk art, folk religion, folk customs, folk festivals, folk history, and folk literature. Odia oral literature is the literature that is passed down orally from generation to generation. It includes folktales, folk songs, folk poems, and folk proverbs. Odia Folk Music is the music that is played and sung by the Odia people. It includes folk songs, folk dances, and folk instruments. Odia folk dance is the dance that is performed by the Odia people. It includes folk dances, folk songs, and folk instruments. Odia folk art is the art that is created by the Odia people. It includes Folk Paintings, folk sculptures, and folk handicrafts. Odia folk religion is the religion that is practiced by the Odia people. It includes folk beliefs, folk practices, and folk rituals. Odia folk customs are the customs that are followed by the Odia people. It includes folk festivals, folk marriages, and folk funerals. Odia folk festivals are the festivals that are celebrated by the Odia people. It includes folk festivals, folk dances, and folk songs. Odia folk history is the history of the Odia people. It includes folktales, folk songs, folk poems, and folk proverbs. Odia folk literature is the literature that is written by the Odia people. It includes folktales, folk songs, folk poems, and folk proverbs.

Odia is a rich and vibrant language with a long and storied history. Its literature is vast and varied, and its folklore is full of wisdom and beauty. Odia is a language that is worth Learning and appreciating.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about Odisha:

  • What is the capital of Odisha?
    The capital of Odisha is Bhubaneswar.

  • What is the POPULATION OF ODISHA?
    The population of Odisha is 45,339,948 as of 2020.

  • What is the official language of Odisha?
    The official language of Odisha is Odia.

  • What is the currency of Odisha?
    The currency of Odisha is the Indian rupee.

  • What is the religion of Odisha?
    The majority religion of Odisha is Hinduism.

  • What is the Climate-of-odisha/”>Climate of Odisha?
    The climate of Odisha is tropical.

  • What are some of the tourist attractions in Odisha?
    Some of the tourist attractions in Odisha include the Konark Sun Temple, the Jagannath Temple, and the Dhauligiri Hills.

  • What are some of the famous people from Odisha?
    Some of the famous people from Odisha include the poet Sarala Das, the writer Fakir Mohan Senapati, and the freedom fighter Madhusudan Das.

  • What are some of the traditional foods of Odisha?
    Some of the traditional foods of Odisha include the dish ‘rasagulla’, the dish ‘chhena poda’, and the dish ‘pakhala bhaat’.

  • What are some of the festivals celebrated in Odisha?
    Some of the festivals celebrated in Odisha include the festival of ‘Pana Sankranti’, the festival of ‘Ratha Yatra’, and the festival of ‘Diwali’.

  • What are some of the Sports played in Odisha?
    Some of the sports played in Odisha include the sport of ‘Kho-Kho’, the sport of ‘Jatra’, and the sport of ‘Lalitgiri’.

  • What are some of the educational institutions in Odisha?
    Some of the educational institutions in Odisha include the University of Bhubaneswar, the Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, and the National institute of technology Rourkela.

  • What are some of the industries in Odisha?
    Some of the industries in Odisha include the industries of ‘steel’, the industries of ‘coal’, and the industries of ‘Minerals‘.

  • What are some of the challenges facing Odisha?
    Some of the challenges facing Odisha include the challenges of ‘POVERTY‘, the challenges of ‘illiteracy’, and the challenges of ‘Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE‘.

  • What are some of the opportunities for Odisha?
    Some of the opportunities for Odisha include the opportunities of ‘tourism’, the opportunities of ‘agriculture‘, and the opportunities of ‘IT’.

Sure, here are some MCQs without mentioning the topic LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN ODISHA:

  1. Which of the following is not a state in India?
    (A) Odisha
    (B) Andhra Pradesh
    (C) Telangana
    (D) Tamil Nadu

  2. The capital of Odisha is:
    (A) Bhubaneswar
    (B) Cuttack
    (C) Rourkela
    (D) Sambalpur

  3. The official language of Odisha is:
    (A) Odia
    (B) Hindi
    (C) English
    (D) Bengali

  4. The currency of Odisha is:
    (A) Indian Rupee
    (B) US Dollar
    (C) Euro
    (D) Pound Sterling

  5. The population of Odisha is:
    (A) 41,979,582
    (B) 50,773,728
    (C) 60,000,000
    (D) 70,000,000

  6. The area of Odisha is:
    (A) 155,707 sq km
    (B) 160,000 sq km
    (C) 165,000 sq km
    (D) 170,000 sq km

  7. The Literacy rate in Odisha is:
    (A) 72.8%
    (B) 75.8%
    (C) 78.8%
    (D) 81.8%

  8. The life expectancy in Odisha is:
    (A) 68 years
    (B) 70 years
    (C) 72 years
    (D) 74 years

  9. The infant mortality rate in Odisha is:
    (A) 40 per 1000 live births
    (B) 35 per 1000 live births
    (C) 30 per 1000 live births
    (D) 25 per 1000 live births

  10. The sex ratio in Odisha is:
    (A) 978 females per 1000 males
    (B) 988 females per 1000 males
    (C) 998 females per 1000 males
    (D) 1008 females per 1000 males

  11. The main religion in Odisha is:
    (A) Hinduism
    (B) Islam
    (C) Christianity
    (D) Buddhism

  12. The main language spoken in Odisha is:
    (A) Odia
    (B) Hindi
    (C) English
    (D) Bengali

  13. The main crops grown in Odisha are:
    (A) Rice, wheat, and maize
    (B) Rice, sugarcane, and jute
    (C) Rice, Cotton, and oilseeds
    (D) Rice, tea, and coffee

  14. The main industries in Odisha are:
    (A) Steel, mining, and power
    (B) Oil and gas, mining, and power
    (C) Cement, mining, and power
    (D) Fertilizer, mining, and power

  15. The main tourist attractions in Odisha are:
    (A) The Sun Temple at Konark, the Jagannath Temple at Puri, and the Dhauligiri Stupa
    (B) The Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar, the Jagannath Temple at Puri, and the Dhauligiri Stupa
    (C) The Konark Sun Temple, the Jagannath Temple at Puri, and the Dhauligiri Stupa
    (D) The Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar, the Konark Sun Temple, and the Dhauligiri Stupa