Jammu and Kashmir is a land inhabitated by various Tribal groups. These Tribal Groups are spread in almost every corner of the Hill State making its culture and tradition more rich and colorful. Dogri is the major language used by these tribesmen for conversation among them. Dogri has a status of Official Language under 8th schedule. The present Jammu and Kashmir region is inhabited by several enormous tribes like the Dogras populating in the plains, the Pahadis of the hills and the nomadic mountain-dwelling tribes of the Gujjars, etc. These tribes of Jammu and Kashmir make up the authentic and characteristic ethnic culture of this primeval state and its tribal culture.
List of Scheduled Tribes:
As declared vide constitution (J&K) Scheduled Tribes order, 1989 (as amended vide order no. 3 of 1991 and order no. 36 of 1991):
- Balti
- Beda
- Botboto
- Brokpa, drokpa, dara, shin
- Changpa
- Garra
- Mon
- Purjpa
- Gujjar
- Bakarwal
- Gaddi
- Sippi
Major Tribes are
Balti Tribe
Known to be descendants of Celtic communities settled in Scandinavia. The BaltisofLadakh region of Jammu and Kashmir are, on the other hand, related to many other communities in Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine.
Bakarwal
Bakarwal is a nomadic tribe based in the pirpanjal and himalayas of South Asia. They are mainly goatherds and shepherds. They are called as dhangar in rest of India.
Dogra
Known to be descendants of the Aryans, as some historians believe who later get settled on the southern hilly tracts of Kashmir, stretching up to the Punjab Plains. The DograRajputs among Hindus and Chibals and Sudans, the chief sects of Muslim Rajputs are martial races, whereas the origination of the Khatris and Mahajans of Punjab have been in some dispute, with the only acknowledged factor about their basic occupation of commerce and trade.
Gujjar
Gujjarsare known as the nomadic herdrers living on the hills of Kashmir valley.By some historians Gujjars are believed to be descendants ofRajputs of Rajasthan, who had converted to Islam and started dwelling atop hills and rearing cattle. The Gujjar tribes of Jammu and Kashmir is better known for its skillfull servant to the wild goats when walking and meandering through the narrow hilly tracts.
Brokpa
They inhibit the areas adjoining Drass valley and known to be descents of the Dards of Chilas in Gilgitregion.harsh environmental conditions led their ancestors to migrate to better areas.
Changpa
The Changpaof Ladakh are high altitude pastoralists, raising mainly yaks and goats. Among the LadakhChangpa, those who are still nomadic are known as Phalpa, and they take their herds from in the Hanley Valley to the village of Lato. Hanley is home to six isolated settlements, where the sedentary Changpa, the Fangpa reside.
Beda
live mostly in the Ladakh region, where they practise their traditional occupation of musicianship. They are predominantly followers of the Muslim faith, although some are Buddhists. According to some scholars, they are an untouchable group.
Schemes for Tribal development
Bank tie up scheme
Scheduled Tribes Category persons who are permanent resident of J&K State, living Below the POVERTY Line(BPL) and are not defaulters of any financial institution can avail this scheme to establish the income generating unit costing upto Rs.1.00 Lac. The corporation sponsors loan proposals of eligible persons to various banks in accordance with the “SERVICE AREA APPROACH” for financing.
Scheme in collaboration with NSTFDC and MTA
The Financing schemes for socio-economic upliftment of eligible Scheduled Tribes category persons, to establish income generating unit is available in collaboration with’ National Scheduled Castes Finance & Development Corporation(NSTFDC), Govt. of India, New Delhi.
Skill development programme
The corporation has been undertaking various skill development programme by imparting training to the candidates of the target groups to develop their skills and knowledge with a view to enhance their competence for wage EMPLOYMENT /self employment. Under the scheme the corporation arranges need based vocational training/ skill development programme with the financial support from NSTFDC, New Delhi or other sources. The corporation bears 100% cost of training.
Marketing linkages
Besides other development activities, the corporation is promoting facilities for its beneficiaries by providing opportunities to participate in the country’s leading fairs like; India International Trade Fair, DilliHaat, Surajkund Craft Mela as well as in exhibitions/fairs organized in other States on important occasions and festivals etc. The events not only give much needed marketing exposure to these artisans/beneficiaries but also provide an opportunity to market their products at good price which usually they find difficult in their own places.
The corporation can assist a wide range of activities for financing mainly under the following broad sectors:
- Transport Sector activities
- agriculture & Allied Activities;
- Small Business/ Trade
- Tiny/ Cottage Industry or Service activities.
- Artisan & Traditional activitie
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Jammu and Kashmir is a state in India that is home to a diverse range of tribes. The following are some of the most prominent tribes in Jammu and Kashmir:
- Brahui
The Brahui are an ethnic group that is native to Balochistan, Pakistan. They are also found in small numbers in Afghanistan, Iran, and India. The Brahui language is a member of the Dravidian language family. The Brahui are mostly Sunni Muslims. - Dard
The Dard are an ethnic group that is native to the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. They are also found in small numbers in Afghanistan and India. The Dard language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family. The Dard are mostly Sunni Muslims. - Gujjar
The Gujjar are an ethnic group that is native to the Indian subcontinent. They are found in Pakistan, India, and Nepal. The Gujjar language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family. The Gujjar are mostly Sunni Muslims. - Kashmiri
The Kashmiri are an ethnic group that is native to the Kashmir Valley. They are also found in small numbers in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Kashmiri language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family. The Kashmiri are mostly Sunni Muslims. - Ladakhi
The Ladakhi are an ethnic group that is native to Ladakh. They are also found in small numbers in Zanskar and Kargil. The Ladakhi language is a member of the Tibetan language family. The Ladakhi are mostly Buddhist. - Pahari
The Pahari are an ethnic group that is native to the Himalayas. They are found in India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan. The Pahari language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family. The Pahari are mostly Hindu. - Pashtun
The Pashtun are an ethnic group that is native to Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are also found in small numbers in India, Iran, and Tajikistan. The Pashtun language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family. The Pashtun are mostly Sunni Muslims. - Ranghar
The Ranghar are an ethnic group that is native to the Jammu region of India. They are also found in small numbers in the Kashmir Valley. The Ranghar language is a dialect of Punjabi. The Ranghar are mostly Sunni Muslims. - Shangla
The Shangla are an ethnic group that is native to the Shangla District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. They are also found in small numbers in the Swat District. The Shangla language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family. The Shangla are mostly Sunni Muslims. - Swat
The Swat are an ethnic group that is native to the Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. They are also found in small numbers in the Shangla District. The Swat language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family. The Swat are mostly Sunni Muslims. - Wazir
The Wazir are an ethnic group that is native to the North Waziristan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. They are also found in small numbers in the South Waziristan District. The Wazir language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family. The Wazir are mostly Pashtun.
The tribes of Jammu and Kashmir have a rich and diverse culture. They have their own unique customs, traditions, and languages. The tribes have played an important role in the history and development of Jammu and Kashmir. They continue to play an important role in the state today.
Here are some frequently asked questions about tribes in India:
- What are the different tribes in India?
There are over 700 tribes in India, each with its own unique culture and traditions. Some of the most well-known tribes include the Nagas, the Mizos, the Garos, the Khasis, the Santhals, the Gonds, the Bhils, and the Adivasis.
- Where do tribes live in India?
Tribes can be found all over India, but they are most concentrated in the northeastern states, the central highlands, and the western Ghats.
- What are the main characteristics of tribes?
Tribes are typically small, close-knit communities with a strong sense of identity. They often have their own language, religion, and customs. Tribespeople are typically subsistence farmers or herders, and they live in simple, traditional dwellings.
- What are the challenges faced by tribes in India?
Tribes face a number of challenges, including poverty, illiteracy, and discrimination. They are also often at risk of losing their land and traditional way of life due to development projects and other factors.
- What are some of the initiatives that have been taken to improve the lives of tribes in India?
The Indian government has taken a number of initiatives to improve the lives of tribes, including providing them with Education, healthcare, and other basic Services. The government has also enacted laws to protect tribal land and culture.
- What is the future of tribes in India?
The future of tribes in India is uncertain. While the government has taken some steps to improve their lives, tribes continue to face a number of challenges. It is important to ensure that tribes have the opportunity to maintain their culture and way of life, and to have a say in the decisions that affect them.
Here are some frequently asked questions about the Environment:
- What is the environment?
The environment is the natural world around us, including the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we live on, and the Plants and animals that share our planet.
- What are the main environmental problems facing the world today?
Some of the main environmental problems facing the world today include Climate change, pollution, deforestation, and loss of -2/”>Biodiversity.
- What can we do to help protect the environment?
There are many things we can do to help protect the environment, such as reducing our carbon footprint, recycling, and conserving water. We can also support organizations that are working to protect the environment.
- What is the importance of protecting the environment?
The environment is essential for our survival. It provides us with the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. It also plays a vital role in regulating the climate and providing us with a place to live.
- What is the future of the environment?
The future of the environment is uncertain. If we do not take steps to protect it, we face a number of serious problems, such as Climate Change, pollution, and loss of biodiversity. However, if we work together to protect the environment, we can create a sustainable future for ourselves and for generations to come.
Sure, here are some MCQs on the following topics:
- The Indian Constitution
- The Indian Constitution was adopted on:
(a) January 26, 1950
(b) August 15, 1947
(c) November 26, 1949
(d) December 16, 1949 - The Indian Constitution is based on the principle of:
(a) Federalism
(b) Unitary government
(c) Parliamentary Democracy
(d) Presidential democracy - The President of India is elected by:
(a) The members of the Lok Sabha
(b) The members of the Rajya Sabha
(c) The members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
(d) The members of the Electoral College - The Prime Minister of India is appointed by:
(a) The President of India
(b) The Vice President of India
(c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) The Justice-of-india/”>Chief Justice of India - The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country. It has:
(a) One Chief Justice and 25 judges
(b) One Chief Justice and 30 judges
(c) One Chief Justice and 35 judges
(d) One Chief Justice and 40 judges - The Indian Parliament
- The Indian Parliament is a bicameral legislature. It consists of:
(a) The Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
(b) The Lok Sabha and the Vidhan Sabha
(c) The Rajya Sabha and the Vidhan Sabha
(d) The Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Vidhan Sabha - The Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Indian Parliament. It has:
(a) 543 members
(b) 552 members
(c) 553 members
(d) 554 members - The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Indian Parliament. It has:
(a) 245 members
(b) 250 members
(c) 252 members
(d) 253 members - The members of the Lok Sabha are elected by:
(a) The people of India
(b) The members of the Rajya Sabha
(c) The members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states
(d) The members of the Legislative Councils of the states - The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by:
(a) The people of India
(b) The members of the Lok Sabha
(c) The members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states
(d) The members of the Legislative Councils of the states - The Indian Judiciary
- The Indian Judiciary is headed by the:
(a) President of India
(b) Prime Minister of India
(c) Chief Justice of India
(d) Attorney General of India - The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country. It has:
(a) One Chief Justice and 25 judges
(b) One Chief Justice and 30 judges
(c) One Chief Justice and 35 judges
(d) One Chief Justice and 40 judges - The High Courts are the highest courts in the states. They have:
(a) One Chief Justice and 10 judges
(b) One Chief Justice and 15 judges
(c) One Chief Justice and 20 judges
(d) One Chief Justice and 25 judges - The District Courts are the lowest courts in the country. They have:
(a) One judge
(b) Two judges
(c) Three judges
(d) Four judges - The Indian Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. This means that:
(a) The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the President of India
(b) The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts can be removed from office only on the recommendation of the Chief Justice of India
(c) The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts have the power to strike down laws that they deem to be unconstitutional
(d) All of the above
I hope this helps!