Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme: Safeguarding India’s Living Traditions
India, a land of diverse cultures and vibrant traditions, boasts an unparalleled wealth of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). This heritage, encompassing everything from ancient rituals and festivals to traditional crafts and performing arts, forms the very essence of India’s identity and cultural tapestry. Recognizing the importance of preserving this living legacy, the Indian government launched the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme in 2008, aiming to safeguard and promote these invaluable cultural expressions. This article delves into the intricacies of this scheme, exploring its objectives, implementation, impact, and future prospects.
Understanding Intangible Cultural Heritage
Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) encompasses the traditions, customs, knowledge, and skills that are passed down from generation to generation. It is not tangible objects, but rather the living expressions of a community’s identity, values, and beliefs. UNESCO defines ICH as “practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills â as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts and cultural spaces associated therewith â that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage.”
Examples of ICH in India include:
- Traditional music and dance: Classical music forms like Hindustani and Carnatic, folk dances like Bhangra and Garba, and ritualistic dances like Chhau and Kathakali.
- Oral traditions and expressions: Storytelling, folk songs, proverbs, and traditional knowledge systems.
- Performing arts: Puppetry, shadow puppetry, and traditional theatre forms like Yakshagana and Ramlila.
- Social practices, rituals, and festive events: Festivals like Holi, Diwali, and Durga Puja, religious ceremonies, and traditional marriage customs.
- Traditional crafts and skills: Handloom weaving, pottery, metalwork, and traditional embroidery techniques.
The Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme: A Framework for Preservation
The Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme, launched by the Ministry of Culture, aims to:
- Identify and document: Documenting ICH elements through surveys, research, and documentation projects.
- Promote and disseminate: Raising awareness about ICH through exhibitions, workshops, and publications.
- Provide financial assistance: Supporting projects for the revitalization and transmission of ICH elements.
- Develop capacity building programs: Training individuals and communities in the preservation and transmission of ICH.
- Facilitate international cooperation: Collaborating with UNESCO and other international organizations to promote ICH.
Implementation and Impact: A Multi-pronged Approach
The scheme operates through a multi-pronged approach, involving various stakeholders:
- National Level: The Ministry of Culture plays a central role in formulating policies, providing financial assistance, and coordinating activities.
- State Level: State governments are responsible for identifying and documenting ICH elements within their respective states.
- Community Level: Local communities are actively involved in the preservation and transmission of their ICH.
- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs play a crucial role in supporting community-based initiatives and promoting awareness about ICH.
Key Initiatives under the Scheme:
- National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage: This comprehensive inventory documents various ICH elements across India, providing a valuable resource for research and conservation.
- Financial Assistance: The scheme provides financial assistance to individuals, communities, and NGOs for projects related to ICH preservation, documentation, and promotion.
- Capacity Building Programs: Workshops, training programs, and fellowships are organized to enhance the skills and knowledge of individuals involved in ICH preservation.
- International Collaboration: The scheme facilitates collaboration with UNESCO and other international organizations to promote ICH and share best practices.
Impact of the Scheme:
- Increased Awareness: The scheme has significantly raised awareness about the importance of ICH and its role in Indian culture.
- Documentation and Preservation: The National Inventory and other documentation projects have helped preserve and document a vast array of ICH elements.
- Community Empowerment: The scheme has empowered communities to take ownership of their ICH and play an active role in its preservation.
- Economic Benefits: The promotion of traditional crafts and skills has created economic opportunities for artisans and communities.
Case Studies: Success Stories of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme
The Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme has facilitated numerous successful initiatives across India. Here are some notable examples:
1. The Chhau Dance of Mayurbhanj, Odisha:
- Challenge: The Chhau dance, a traditional martial art form, was facing challenges due to a decline in the number of practitioners and lack of financial support.
- Intervention: The scheme provided financial assistance to the Chhau dance community for training programs, workshops, and performances.
- Impact: The initiative revitalized the Chhau dance tradition, attracting new practitioners and increasing its visibility.
2. The Kalamkari Art of Andhra Pradesh:
- Challenge: The Kalamkari art, a traditional hand-painted textile art form, was facing challenges due to competition from mass-produced textiles and lack of market access.
- Intervention: The scheme supported the Kalamkari artisans by providing training programs, promoting their work at national and international exhibitions, and facilitating market linkages.
- Impact: The initiative helped revive the Kalamkari art form, creating economic opportunities for artisans and preserving this unique cultural heritage.
3. The Yakshagana Theatre of Karnataka:
- Challenge: The Yakshagana theatre, a traditional dance-drama form, was facing challenges due to a decline in audience interest and lack of financial support.
- Intervention: The scheme provided financial assistance to Yakshagana troupes for performances, workshops, and documentation projects.
- Impact: The initiative helped revive the Yakshagana theatre tradition, attracting new audiences and promoting its cultural significance.
Challenges and Future Prospects
Despite its significant achievements, the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme faces certain challenges:
- Limited Funding: The scheme’s budget is often insufficient to meet the needs of all ICH elements across India.
- Lack of Awareness: Awareness about the scheme and its benefits is still limited in some communities.
- Lack of Capacity: Some communities lack the necessary skills and resources to effectively implement ICH preservation projects.
- Competition from Modern Culture: The influence of modern culture poses a threat to the survival of traditional practices.
Future Prospects:
- Increased Funding: The government needs to allocate more resources to the scheme to support a wider range of ICH elements.
- Capacity Building: Strengthening capacity building programs to equip communities with the skills and knowledge needed for ICH preservation.
- Community Engagement: Encouraging greater community participation in ICH preservation efforts.
- Digital Documentation: Utilizing digital technologies to document and promote ICH elements.
- International Collaboration: Strengthening international partnerships to promote ICH and share best practices.
Table: Key Features of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Objective | To safeguard and promote India’s intangible cultural heritage |
| Implementation | Multi-pronged approach involving the Ministry of Culture, state governments, communities, and NGOs |
| Key Initiatives | National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage, financial assistance, capacity building programs, international collaboration |
| Impact | Increased awareness, documentation and preservation, community empowerment, economic benefits |
| Challenges | Limited funding, lack of awareness, lack of capacity, competition from modern culture |
| Future Prospects | Increased funding, capacity building, community engagement, digital documentation, international collaboration |
Conclusion
The Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme plays a vital role in safeguarding India’s rich and diverse cultural heritage. By identifying, documenting, promoting, and supporting the preservation of these living traditions, the scheme ensures that future generations can continue to appreciate and benefit from the invaluable legacy of India’s intangible cultural heritage. While challenges remain, the scheme’s future prospects are promising, with a focus on increased funding, capacity building, community engagement, and international collaboration. By working together, the government, communities, and NGOs can ensure that India’s living traditions continue to thrive for generations to come.
Frequently Asked Questions on Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme: Safeguarding India’s Living Traditions
1. What is the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme?
The Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme is a government initiative launched in 2008 by the Ministry of Culture in India. It aims to safeguard and promote India’s rich intangible cultural heritage (ICH), which includes traditions, customs, knowledge, and skills passed down through generations.
2. What are some examples of intangible cultural heritage in India?
India boasts a vast array of ICH, including:
- Performing Arts: Classical music, folk dances, puppetry, shadow puppetry, traditional theatre forms like Yakshagana and Ramlila.
- Oral Traditions: Storytelling, folk songs, proverbs, traditional knowledge systems.
- Social Practices: Festivals like Holi, Diwali, Durga Puja, religious ceremonies, traditional marriage customs.
- Traditional Crafts: Handloom weaving, pottery, metalwork, traditional embroidery techniques.
3. How does the scheme work?
The scheme operates through a multi-pronged approach:
- Identification and Documentation: Surveys, research, and documentation projects are conducted to identify and record ICH elements.
- Promotion and Dissemination: Exhibitions, workshops, publications, and other initiatives raise awareness about ICH.
- Financial Assistance: Grants are provided to individuals, communities, and NGOs for projects related to ICH preservation, documentation, and promotion.
- Capacity Building: Training programs and workshops are organized to enhance the skills and knowledge of individuals involved in ICH preservation.
- International Collaboration: The scheme facilitates collaboration with UNESCO and other international organizations to promote ICH and share best practices.
4. Who can benefit from the scheme?
The scheme benefits various stakeholders:
- Communities: Communities directly involved in preserving and transmitting their ICH.
- Individuals: Artisans, performers, storytellers, and others who practice and preserve ICH.
- NGOs: Organizations working to promote and safeguard ICH.
- Researchers: Individuals and institutions conducting research on ICH.
5. How can I apply for financial assistance under the scheme?
The Ministry of Culture website provides detailed information on the application process, eligibility criteria, and required documents. You can also contact the Ministry directly for assistance.
6. What are some success stories of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme?
The scheme has facilitated numerous successful initiatives, including:
- Revitalization of the Chhau dance in Odisha: Financial assistance helped revive this traditional martial art form.
- Promotion of the Kalamkari art in Andhra Pradesh: Support for artisans helped revive this hand-painted textile art form.
- Revival of the Yakshagana theatre in Karnataka: Financial assistance helped revitalize this traditional dance-drama form.
7. What are some challenges faced by the scheme?
The scheme faces challenges such as:
- Limited Funding: The scheme’s budget is often insufficient to meet the needs of all ICH elements across India.
- Lack of Awareness: Awareness about the scheme and its benefits is still limited in some communities.
- Lack of Capacity: Some communities lack the necessary skills and resources to effectively implement ICH preservation projects.
- Competition from Modern Culture: The influence of modern culture poses a threat to the survival of traditional practices.
8. What are the future prospects of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme?
The future prospects of the scheme are promising, with a focus on:
- Increased Funding: The government needs to allocate more resources to the scheme.
- Capacity Building: Strengthening capacity building programs to equip communities with the necessary skills.
- Community Engagement: Encouraging greater community participation in ICH preservation efforts.
- Digital Documentation: Utilizing digital technologies to document and promote ICH elements.
- International Collaboration: Strengthening international partnerships to promote ICH and share best practices.
9. How can I contribute to the preservation of India’s intangible cultural heritage?
You can contribute by:
- Learning about ICH: Educate yourself about the diverse ICH elements of India.
- Supporting local artisans and performers: Patronize traditional crafts and attend performances.
- Volunteering: Contribute your time and skills to organizations working to preserve ICH.
- Sharing your knowledge: Spread awareness about ICH among your friends and family.
10. Where can I find more information about the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme?
You can find detailed information on the Ministry of Culture website, as well as on the UNESCO website. You can also contact the Ministry directly for further assistance.
Here are a few multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme:
1. What is the primary objective of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme in India?
a) To promote tourism and generate revenue from cultural heritage.
b) To preserve and promote India’s intangible cultural heritage.
c) To establish museums and cultural centers across India.
d) To regulate the use of traditional knowledge for commercial purposes.
2. Which of the following is NOT an example of intangible cultural heritage in India?
a) The Taj Mahal
b) The Chhau dance of Odisha
c) The Kalamkari art of Andhra Pradesh
d) The Yakshagana theatre of Karnataka
3. What is the role of the Ministry of Culture in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme?
a) To provide financial assistance to communities and individuals.
b) To identify and document intangible cultural heritage elements.
c) To promote awareness about intangible cultural heritage.
d) All of the above.
4. Which of the following is a challenge faced by the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme?
a) Lack of interest from communities in preserving their heritage.
b) Limited funding available for implementing the scheme.
c) Lack of skilled personnel to document and preserve intangible heritage.
d) All of the above.
5. What is a key initiative under the Intangible Cultural Heritage Scheme?
a) The National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage
b) The establishment of a national museum for intangible heritage
c) The creation of a national council for intangible cultural heritage
d) The implementation of a mandatory curriculum on intangible heritage in schools
Answers:
- b) To preserve and promote India’s intangible cultural heritage.
- a) The Taj Mahal (The Taj Mahal is a tangible cultural heritage site.)
- d) All of the above.
- d) All of the above.
- a) The National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage