Infrastructure Development

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                Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE  

 

1. The Government of India shall develop a new major port at Duggirajupatnam in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh to be completed in phases with Phase I by end-2018.

2. SAIL shall examine, within six months from the appointed day, the feasibility of establishing an integrated steel plant in Khammam district of the successor State of Telangana.

3. SAIL shall, within six months from the appointed day, examine the feasibility of establishing an integrated Steel Plant in YSR District of the successor State of Andhra Pradesh.

4. IOC or HPCL shall, within six months from the appointed day, examine the feasibility of establishing a greenfield crude oil refinery and petrochemical complex in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh and take an expeditious decision thereon.

5. The Government of India shall, within six months from the appointed day, examine the feasibility of establishing a Vizag-Chennai industrial corridor along the lines of Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor and take within such period an expeditious decision thereon.

6. The Government of India shall, within six months from the appointed day, examine the feasibility of expanding the existing Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Tirupati Airports to international standards and take an expeditious decision thereon.

7. NTPC shall establish a 4000 MW power facility in the successor State of Telangana after establishing necessary coal linkages.

8. Indian Railways shall, within six months from the appointed day, examine establishing a new railway zone in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh and take an expeditious decision thereon.

9. NHAI shall take necessary steps to improve road connectivity in the backward regions of the successor State of Telangana.

10. The Indian Railways shall, within six months from the appointed day, examine the feasibility of establishing a Rail Coach Factory in the successor State of Telangana and improve rail connectivity in the State and take an expeditious decision thereon,

11. The Central Government shall take measures to establish rapid rail and road connectivity from the new capital of the successor State of Andhra Pradesh to Heyderabad and other important cities of Telangana.

12. The Government of India shall examine the feasibility of Metro Rail facility in Vishakhapatnam and Vijayawada-Guntur-Tenali Metropolitan Urban Development Authority within period of one year from the appointed day and take an expeditious decision thereon.

 

 

Coal

1. Of the total Equity of Singareni Collieries Company Ltd. (SCCL), 51% shall be with the Government of Telangana and 49% with the Government of India.

2. Existing coal linkages of SCCL shall continue without any change.

3. New linkages shall be allotted to the successor States as per the New Coal Distribution Policy by Government of India.

4. End use Plants of the allocated coal blocks shall continue with coal from the block to be supplied in proportion to their respective capacities.

Oil and Gas

 

1. Allocation of natural gas will continue to be done as per the policies and guidelines issued by the Government of India from time to time.

2. The royalties payable on domestic onshore production of oil and gas shall accrue to the State in which such production takes place.

 

Power

 

1. Units of APGENCO shall be divided based on geographical location of power plants.

2. Existing Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) with respective DISCOMS shall continue for both on-going projects and projects under construction.

3. The existing Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (APERC) shall function as a joint regulatory body for a period not exceeding six months within which time separate SERCs will be formed in the successor States.

4. The existing State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) shall function for both successor States for a period not exceeding two years within which time separate SLDC shall be set up shall function under the direct administration and control of the Southern RLDC at Bengaluru.

5. Transmission lines of APTRANSCO of 132 KV and higher voltage cutting across the successor States shall be deemed as Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS) lines. The transmission lines falling within the territory of each successor State shall be transferred to the respective State Transmission Utilities. The maintenance of ISTS lines shall also be done by successor States in their respective jurisdictions.

6. The power of the Central Generating Stations will be allotted in such ratio to the State of Telangana and the State of Andhra Pradesh based on the actual energy consumption of the last 5 years of the relevant DISCOMS in the respective successor State.

7. For a period of ten years, the successor State that has a deficit of electricity shall have the first right of refusal for the purchase of surplus power from the other successor State.

8. The districts of Anantapur and Kurnool which fall within the jurisdiction of the AP Central Power Distribution Company Ltd. will now be reassigned to the AP South Power Distribution Company Ltd.

 

ACCESS TO HIGHER Education

In order to ensure equal opportunities for quality higher education to all students in the successor States, the existing admission quotas in all government or private, aided or unaided, institutions of higher, technical and medical education in so far as it is provided under ARTICLE 371D of the Constitution, shall continue as such for a period of ten years during which the existing common admission process shall continue.

1. The Government of India shall take steps to establish institutions of national importance in the 12th and 13th Plan periods in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh. This would include one IIT, one NIT, one IIM, one IISER, one Central University, one Petroleum University, one Agricultural University and one IIIT.

2. The Government of India shall establish one AIIMS-type Super-Specialty Hospitalcum-Teaching Institution in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh.

3. The Government of India shall establish a Tribal University each in the State of Andhra Pradesh and in the State of Telangana.

4. A Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture University shall be established in the successor State of Telangana.

5. The Government of India shall establish the National Institute of Disaster Management in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh.

 


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Infrastructure development is the process of building and maintaining the physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a Society or enterprise. Infrastructure is a broad term that can refer to a wide range of assets, including roads, bridges, airports, water and sewer systems, power plants, telecommunications networks, and schools.

Infrastructure development is essential for economic Growth and social development. It provides the foundation for businesses to operate and for people to live and work. Good infrastructure can help to attract Investment, create jobs, and improve the Quality Of Life.

There are many challenges to infrastructure development. One challenge is the high cost of investment. Infrastructure projects can be very expensive, and it can be difficult to raise the necessary funds. Another challenge is the long-term nature of infrastructure projects. It can take many years to complete a major infrastructure project, and it is important to ensure that the project is sustainable in the long term.

Despite the challenges, infrastructure development is essential for economic growth and social development. It is important to invest in infrastructure to create a strong foundation for the future.

Transportation

Transportation infrastructure is the backbone of the economy. It allows people and goods to move around, which is essential for businesses to operate and for people to live and work. Transportation infrastructure includes roads, bridges, airports, railways, and Ports.

Water supply and sanitation

Water supply and sanitation infrastructure is essential for public Health. It provides people with access to clean water and sanitation facilities, which helps to prevent the spread of disease. Water supply and sanitation infrastructure includes water treatment plants, water distribution networks, and sewerage systems.

Energy

Energy infrastructure is essential for economic growth. It provides businesses and homes with the energy they need to operate and function. Energy infrastructure includes power plants, transmission lines, and distribution networks.

Telecommunications

Telecommunications infrastructure is essential for Communication. It allows people to stay connected with each other, which is important for businesses and for people’s personal lives. Telecommunications infrastructure includes telephone networks, Internet networks, and satellite networks.

Housing

Housing infrastructure is essential for people to have a place to live. It provides people with shelter from the Elements and a place to raise their families. Housing infrastructure includes homes, apartments, and dormitories.

Education

Education infrastructure is essential for people to learn and develop their skills. It provides people with the knowledge and skills they need to get a job and to contribute to society. Education infrastructure includes schools, colleges, and universities.

Health

Health infrastructure is essential for people to stay healthy. It provides people with access to healthcare Services, which can help to prevent and treat disease. Health infrastructure includes hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies.

Social protection

Social protection is a set of policies and programs that help to protect people from POVERTY and social exclusion. It includes programs such as Unemployment insurance, social assistance, and pensions. Social protection can help to reduce poverty, improve health, and promote economic growth.

Environment

Environmental infrastructure is essential for protecting the environment. It includes things like water treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, and Waste Management facilities. Environmental infrastructure helps to reduce pollution and protect natural Resources.

Disaster risk reduction

Disaster risk reduction is a set of policies and programs that help to reduce the risk of disasters. It includes things like early warning systems, disaster preparedness plans, and disaster response plans. Disaster risk reduction can help to save lives and property.

Urban development

Urban development is the process of planning and developing cities. It includes things like building new roads and infrastructure, improving public transportation, and creating new housing. Urban development can help to improve the quality of life in cities.

Rural development

Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life in rural areas. It includes things like building new roads and infrastructure, improving access to healthcare and education, and creating new jobs. Rural development can help to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life in rural areas.

Cross-cutting issues

There are a number of cross-cutting issues that are important for infrastructure development. These include issues such as Equality/”>Gender Equality, Climate change, and Corruption. It is important to address these issues in order to ensure that infrastructure development is sustainable and inclusive.

Infrastructure development is a complex and challenging task. However, it is essential for economic growth and social development. By investing in infrastructure, we can create a strong foundation for the future.

What is the difference between infrastructure and development?

Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, such as roads, bridges, buildings, airports, Dams, power plants, and water and sewage systems. Development is the process of improving the quality of life through economic growth, social progress, and technological advancement.

What are the different types of infrastructure?

There are many different types of infrastructure, but some of the most common include:

  • Transportation infrastructure: This includes roads, bridges, airports, and railways.
  • Energy infrastructure: This includes power plants, pipelines, and transmission lines.
  • Water and sanitation infrastructure: This includes water treatment plants, sewage systems, and drinking water distribution systems.
  • Communication infrastructure: This includes telephone lines, cell towers, and internet cables.
  • Social infrastructure: This includes schools, hospitals, and libraries.

What are the benefits of infrastructure development?

Infrastructure development can have a number of benefits, including:

  • Increased economic growth: Infrastructure can help to improve the efficiency of businesses and attract new investment.
  • Improved quality of life: Infrastructure can provide access to essential services such as water, sanitation, and transportation.
  • Reduced poverty: Infrastructure can help to create jobs and improve access to education and healthcare.
  • Increased resilience to disasters: Infrastructure can help to protect communities from natural disasters and other shocks.

What are the challenges of infrastructure development?

Infrastructure development can be challenging, due to a number of factors, including:

  • The high cost of infrastructure projects: Infrastructure projects can be very expensive, and they often require long-term financing.
  • The complexity of infrastructure projects: Infrastructure projects can be complex, and they often require the coordination of multiple stakeholders.
  • The political and social challenges of infrastructure projects: Infrastructure projects can be controversial, and they often face opposition from local communities.
  • The environmental challenges of infrastructure projects: Infrastructure projects can have a negative impact on the environment, and they often require environmental impact assessments.

What are some examples of successful infrastructure development projects?

Some examples of successful infrastructure development projects include:

  • The construction of the Panama Canal: The Panama Canal is a man-made canal that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. It was built between 1904 and 1914, and it has had a major impact on global trade.
  • The construction of the Hoover Dam: The Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936, and it is one of the largest dams in the world.
  • The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway: The Trans-Siberian Railway is a railway that runs across the entire width of Russia, from Moscow to Vladivostok. It was constructed between 1891 and 1916, and it is the longest railway in the world.
  • The construction of the Channel Tunnel: The Channel Tunnel is a railway tunnel under the English Channel that connects England and France. It was constructed between 1988 and 1994, and it is the longest underwater tunnel in the world.

What are some examples of failed infrastructure development projects?

Some examples of failed infrastructure development projects include:

  • The construction of the Big Dig: The Big Dig was a highway project in Boston, Massachusetts. It was constructed between 1982 and 2007, and it was the most expensive highway project in the history of the United States. However, the project was plagued by delays and cost overruns, and it has been criticized for its environmental impact.
  • The construction of the Olympic Stadium in Athens, Greece: The Olympic Stadium in Athens was built for the 2004 Summer Olympics. However, the stadium was built at a cost of over $1 billion, and it has been criticized for its lack of use since the Olympics.
  • The construction of the World Trade Center Transportation Hub: The World Trade Center Transportation Hub is a transportation hub in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava, and it was constructed between 2006 and 2016. However, the hub has been criticized for its cost overruns and its design.
  • The construction of the White Elephant Stadium: The White Elephant Stadium is a football stadium in Buriram Province, Thailand. It was built for the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup, and it has been criticized for its lack of use since the World Cup.

Sure, here are some MCQs without mentioning the topic Infrastructure Development:

  1. Which of the following is not a type of infrastructure?
    (A) Transportation
    (B) Education
    (C) Healthcare
    (D) agriculture

  2. Which of the following is not a benefit of infrastructure development?
    (A) Increased economic growth
    (B) Improved quality of life
    (C) Reduced crime rates
    (D) Increased pollution

  3. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the success of infrastructure development?
    (A) The amount of Money spent
    (B) The quality of the construction
    (C) The efficiency of the management
    (D) The participation of the public

  4. Which of the following is the most common type of infrastructure?
    (A) Roads
    (B) Bridges
    (C) Airports
    (D) Dams

  5. Which of the following is the most expensive type of infrastructure?
    (A) Transportation
    (B) Education
    (C) Healthcare
    (D) Agriculture

  6. Which of the following is the most difficult type of infrastructure to develop?
    (A) Transportation
    (B) Education
    (C) Healthcare
    (D) Agriculture

  7. Which of the following is the most important type of infrastructure for Economic Development?
    (A) Transportation
    (B) Education
    (C) Healthcare
    (D) Agriculture

  8. Which of the following is the most important type of infrastructure for social development?
    (A) Transportation
    (B) Education
    (C) Healthcare
    (D) Agriculture

  9. Which of the following is the most important type of infrastructure for environmental protection?
    (A) Transportation
    (B) Education
    (C) Healthcare
    (D) Agriculture

  10. Which of the following is the most important type of infrastructure for national security?
    (A) Transportation
    (B) Education
    (C) Healthcare
    (D) Agriculture