Industrial and urban development. Major industries-Iron, Steel and Cement; industries,
The state of Jharkhand, widely acclaimed as the region of future, has enormous potentialities for industrialization. With its large deposits of Minerals, it provides a solid launching pad for all kinds of industries.
Born out of partition from old Bihar state in 2000, Jharkhand produces about 70% of the output of the old Bihar state. It is known for its rich store of minerals: therefore, mining in Jharkhand forms an integral part of the economy of Jharkhand. Since it is rich in minerals, the state per capita income is likely to increase in the coming years.
Jharkhand has a concentration of some of the country’s highly industrialised cities such as Jamshedpur, Ranchi, Bokaro Steel City and Dhanbad. It also has several firsts in India, including:
Largest fertiliser factory of its time in India (since shut down) at Sindri, Dhanbad
First Iron & steel factory at Jamshedpur
Largest Steel plant in Asia, Bokaro steel plant, Bokaro.
Biggest explosives factory at Gomia, Bokaro.
First methane gas well at Parbatpur, Bokaro.
Major industrial units
Bokaro Steel Plant, Bokaro.
Tata Steel Plant, Jamshedpur.
Tata Motors, Jamshedpur.
Tata Cummins, Jamshedpur.
TRF Limited, Jamshedpur.
BMW Steel, Bokaro.
Lafarge Cement, Jamshedpur.
TELCON, Jamshedpur.
BOC Gases, Jamshedpur.
Praxair, Jamshedpur.
Tinplate, Jamshedpur.
Heavy Engineering Corporation,(HEC Ltd.,Dhurwa), Ranchi.
Patratu Thermal Power Station, Ramgarh.
Chandrapura Thermal Power Station,Chandrapura,Bokaro.
Bokaro Thermal Power Station, Bokaro Thermal,Bokaro.
Indian Explosive Limited, Gomia, Bokaro
JP Cement, Bokaro
Maithon Hydro Power Station,Maithan, Bokaro.
Panchet Hydro Power Station,Panchet, Damodar Valley Corporation
Telaiya Hydro Power Station,Telaiya, Damodar Valley Corporation
Tenughat Thermal/Hydro Power Station, Bokaro.
Jindal Steel Plant, Patratu.
Electrosteel Plant, Bokaro.
Bharat Refractories Limited. Bokaro
Usha Martin, Ranchi.
Central Coalfields Limited.
Bharat Coaking Coal Limited.
Eastern Coalfields Limited.
Central Mine Planning & Designing Institute Limited.
Metallurgical and Engineering Consultancy(MECON) Limited.
Ashok Industries, Bokaro Industrial Area
Talking about the business and economy of Jharkhand, it can be said that Jharkhand houses two major steel Plants in India. The steel plants at Bokaro and the Tata Iron and Steel Company are the two major plants housed within the territory of Jharkhand. These steel plants largely contribute towards the economy of not only Jharkhand, but India.
Among the other important steel plants that form an integral part of the business and economy at Jharkhand are:
Indian Tube Company
Sriram Bearing
Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
Usha Martin, etc.
Besides, the topography of Jharkhand is rich in minerals. The abundance in minerals also enhances the prospects of the industries in Jharkhand. Some of the important minerals found in Jharkhand & their ranging from (state’s rank in the country) from Iron Ore (1st), coal (3rd), copper ore (1st), mica (1st), bauxite (3rd), Manganese, limestone, china clay, fire clay, graphite (8th), kainite (1st), chromite (2nd), asbestos (1st), thorium (3rd), sillimanite, uranium (Jaduguda mines, Narwa Pahar) (1st), gold (Rakha mines) (6th), silver and several other minerals are found in the state.
It is noteworthy that these minerals form the foundation of all the major industries in Jharkhand, one of the biggest industrial belts in India.
Large deposits of coal and iron ore support concentration of Industry in centers like Jamshedpur, Bokaro and Ranchi.
Tata Steel, an S&P CNX 500 conglomerate has its corporate office in Jharkhand. It reported a gross income of Rs.204, 910 million for 2005. NTPC will start coal production from its captive mine in state in 2011-12, for which the company will be investing about Rs 1,800 crore.
Jharkhand is a state of Mines, Minerals and Industries. Mines are located in almost all parts of state. Dhanbad District are known as coal capital of India, Koderma District is known as Mica capital of India, Singbhum District (Jamshedpur and Chaibasa) is the home of Tata industries and rich in iron and ore as well as Bokaro District has Asia’s largest steel production centre setup by government of India.
Iron Ore – The total reserve of Hematite in Jharkhand region is over 3000 million tones. Out of this total reserves 2000 million tones occur in Chiria, near Monoharpur in the Singbhum district is one of the largest single deposits of the world. The Average quality of Chiria deposits 62-63% Fe content which should be judiciously exploited in, phased manner to suit the long term need of our country.
Coal – Almost 100% of prime coking coal, 93% of medium coking coal and about 30% of the semi coking coal or bendable coal reserves are available in Jharkhand. The total reserves of the coal in Jharkhand is of the order 69128 million tones which spread over Jharia, Bokaro, Rajmahal, Hazaribagh and Chatra area.
Copper – Singhbhum Copper Belt comprises of a Proterozoic volcano-sedimentary rock that creates a shear zone known as Singhbhum shear zone. Copper mineralization in SCB is localized along this shear zone. Prominent deposits of the belt are Chapri, Rakha, Surda, Kendadih, Pathargora and Dhobani. Other deposits are: Turamdih, Ramchandrapahar, Nandup, Bayanbil and Dhadkidih (Singhbhum, Jharkhand).
Indian Copper Corporation Ltd was established by a British company in 1930 at Ghatsila consisting of a cluster of underground copper mines, concentrator plants and smelter. On 25.09.72 the Govt. of India nationalized the company under provisions of the Indian Copper Corporation (Acquisition of Undertaking Act) and merged the same with HCL. Today it falls under the sate of Jharkhand, under the jurisdiction of east Singbhum district.
Sindri: The famous fertiliser complex, 30 kms away from Dhanbad, is located on the bank of Damodar River.
Uranium – Jaduguda: Located in East Singhbhum district, it is the first place where exploration followed by exploratory mining was undertaken. Soon after, exploitation was undertaken by UCIL in 1967. Mining is still in progress and mineralisation has been found to continue beyond 900 meters vertical depth. Here the mineralisation is associated with conglomerate and chlorite schist of Singhbhum group of Proterozoic age.
Bhatin: It lies 2 km west of Jaduguda along the Singhbhum shear zone. Mineralisation is associated with brecciated quartzite and biotite chlorite schist, which are highly sheared. Mining is in progress.
Narwapahar: It lies 10 km west of Jaduguda along the Singhbhum shear zone. The host rock for uranium mineralisation is chlorite-quartz schist and the mineralisation is spread over 2000 meters strike length. Currently this deposit is under exploitation by UCIL.
Turamdih: A cluster of deposits (Turamdih-East, Turamdih-South, Turamdia-West, Keruadurgri) occur in proximity to each other at Turamdih located nearly 20 kms west of Jaduguda. Uranium mineralisation is associated with chlorite quartz schist. At Turamdih (East) the mineralisation is spread over 2 km X 1 km area and the entire resource occurs within a vertical depth of 200 meters. Mining of Turamdih east deposit is in progress by UCIL.
Mohuldih: It is located 5 km west of Turamdih. The host rock is tourmaline bearing quartz schist, quartzite and chlorite quartz schist. Mineralisation is established over 1 km strike length and within a vertical depth of 250 m.
Bagjata: It is located nearly 25 km South East of Jaduguda. Uranium mineralisation is hosted by quartz chlorite biotite schist. The mineralisation is spread over 450 m strike length with a vertical persistence of 260m.
Other smaller uranium occurrences along this shear zone, in a similar geological set up are (i) Kanyaluka (ii) Garadih (ii) Nimdih (iv) Rajgaon and (v) Nandup.
Lime Stone – There are 22 mines of limestone in Jharkhand having a total reserve of 563 million tones in Palamu, Hazaribag, Singbhum and Ranchi districts. All grades of lime stone (BF, SMS and Cement grade) are available in these mines.
Graphite – The Graphite reserve of Jharkhand is mainly located in Palamu district. The most important deposit of Palamu district is located at Sokra, Satbarba, Barwadih area where both flaky and amorphous graphite occur in lumpy form. A reserve of 0.6 million tones with 50 to 60% carbon content has been estimated at Sokra. The deposits of Palamu district are being mined mainly by State Mineral Development Corporation and few private parties.
Granite and ornamental stones – Extensive deposits of granite and ornamental stones such as dolomites, gabber, peridolite, banded hematite jasper and migmatites etc. are also available in this state. Based on the IBM reports, the granite reserved are estimated to be around 19 millions cu.mt.
Fireclay – Fireclay deposits are available in the coal bearing region of Dhanbad, Hazaribag, Giridih, Ranchi and Palamu district. Out of the total 703 million tones reserves in the country, Jharkhand has over 47 million tones deposits of fireclay.
It is noteworthy that Jharkhand is known to possess about 2000 million tonnes of hematite, which occurs in the Chiria region in the Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. In fact, Chiria has the potential to produce about 10 million tonnes of hematite per annum. Besides, coal is found in abundance in the Jharia, Rajmahal, Bokaro and Chatra districts of Jharkhand: it is said that Jharkhand possesses about 93% of medium coking coal, 30% of blendable coal and almost 100% of prime cooking coal. Moreover, we find about 22 limestone mines in Jharkhand, which are spread across Palamu, Hazaribagh, Ranchi and Sighbhum districts in Jharkhand.
Thus, it can be concluded that Jharkhand mines and minerals are an inevitable part of the economy, not only of Jharkhand but also of India.
It is noteworthy that although being an industrial belt and mineral based manufacturing industry is the mainstay of Jharkhand’s economy, agriculture also plays an important role in the business and economy of Jharkhand. In fact, despite being mineral-rich, 80 percent of Jharkhand’s Population resides in villages and they depend primarily on agriculture and other associated activities for their livelihood. The principal food grains of Jharkhand are wheat, paddy, maize and pulses.
Varied agricultural economy also supports a host of agro-based industries in the state that includes Food Processing. Just within a period of three years, the state has graduated from a vegetable procuring state to a 100,000 tonnes vegetable surplus state. The Soil as well as the climatic conditions of the state is favourable for the Growth of mushroom, tea, ornamental plants and spices.
Favourable agro-climatic conditions also facilitate the year-round production of various types of off-season vegetables and fruits, which also reflects favorably on the agriculture of Jharkhand.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the business and economy is a mixed bag: agriculture and industries flourish side by side within the territory of Jharkhand.
Besides industries, Jharkhand is also rich in forests, woodlands, energy reserves and fertile land. This makes Jharkhand a potentially independent state. However, though being a potentially rich state, it is facing some teething problems towards its development, which largely pertains to infrastructural lacunae. The State Government of Jharkhand is endeavouring to launch ambitious programmes to increase agricultural production, through rainwater harvesting, supply of agricultural implements and better quality of seeds.
Access of some of the basic facilities such as potable water, road, steady power supply and educational facilities to the multitude of the state’s population, are proving to be daunting challenges. The state has a number of prosperous industrial cities like Dhanbad, Jamsedhpur, Bokaro, etc. but the large parts of rural Jharkhand are still reeling under POVERTY. However, there are many opportunities in the state in the field of geological exploration, power generation, as well as in mining of silver, gold, other base metals and many of the precious stones, which need to be properly harnessed to make the business and economy of Jharkhand a prosperous one.,
Industrial and urban development are two of the most important factors in the growth and development of a country. They are closely linked, as the development of one sector often leads to the development of the other.
Industrial development is the process of creating and expanding industries in a country. This can be done through the establishment of new factories, the expansion of existing factories, or the development of new technologies. Industrial development can lead to economic growth, job creation, and the development of new technologies.
Urban development is the process of building and expanding cities. This can be done through the construction of new buildings, the expansion of existing buildings, or the development of new Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE. Urban development can lead to economic growth, job creation, and the development of new technologies.
Industrial and urban development can have a positive impact on the Environment. For example, the development of new technologies can lead to the development of cleaner and more efficient industries. However, industrial and urban development can also have a negative impact on the environment. For example, the construction of new buildings can lead to the destruction of natural habitats.
It is important to manage industrial and urban development in a way that minimizes the negative impact on the environment. This can be done through the development of sustainable practices, such as the use of RENEWABLE ENERGY sources and the reduction of pollution.
Industrial and urban development are essential for the growth and development of a country. However, it is important to manage these processes in a way that minimizes the negative impact on the environment.
Here are some of the key challenges facing industrial and urban development:
- Environmental sustainability: Industrial and urban development can have a significant impact on the environment. The construction of new buildings and factories can lead to the destruction of natural habitats, and the use of energy and Resources can contribute to Climate change. It is important to develop sustainable practices that minimize the environmental impact of industrial and urban development.
- Social inequality: Industrial and urban development can often lead to social inequality. The benefits of development are often concentrated in the hands of a few, while the costs are borne by the many. It is important to develop policies that promote social inclusion and Equity.
- Governance: Industrial and urban development often requires the coordination of multiple actors, including governments, businesses, and civil Society. It is important to develop effective governance mechanisms that can ensure that development is carried out in a sustainable and equitable manner.
- Technology: Technological change is constantly transforming the way we live and work. It is important to ensure that industrial and urban development are able to adapt to these changes and that they do not create new challenges.
Despite these challenges, industrial and urban development can be a force for good. By carefully managing these processes, we can create a more prosperous, sustainable, and equitable future for all.
What is industrial development?
Industrial development is the process of increasing the amount of industry in a country or region. This can be done by building new factories, investing in research and development, and training workers. Industrial development can lead to economic growth, job creation, and technological innovation.
What are the major industries in the world?
The major industries in the world are:
- Manufacturing: This includes the production of goods such as cars, electronics, and clothing.
- Agriculture: This includes the production of food, such as crops and Livestock.
- Mining: This includes the extraction of minerals, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
- Construction: This includes the building of roads, bridges, and buildings.
- Services: This includes a wide range of activities, such as Banking, healthcare, and Education.
What are the benefits of industrial development?
The benefits of industrial development include:
- Economic growth: Industrial development can lead to increased economic growth by creating jobs and generating income.
- Job creation: Industrial development can create new jobs in a variety of industries.
- Technological innovation: Industrial development can lead to technological innovation as companies compete to develop new products and services.
- Increased productivity: Industrial development can lead to increased productivity as companies adopt new technologies and methods.
What are the challenges of industrial development?
The challenges of industrial development include:
- Environmental pollution: Industrial development can lead to environmental pollution, such as air and Water Pollution.
- Social inequality: Industrial development can lead to social inequality, as some people benefit more than others from the economic growth.
- Resource depletion: Industrial development can lead to resource depletion, as companies extract Natural Resources to produce goods.
- Labor exploitation: Industrial development can lead to labor exploitation, as companies may pay workers low wages and force them to work in dangerous conditions.
What are the future trends in industrial development?
The future trends in industrial development include:
- The rise of automation: Automation is the use of machines to perform tasks that were previously done by humans. Automation is expected to continue to grow in the future, as companies look to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
- The growth of the service sector: The service sector is the part of the economy that provides services, such as banking, healthcare, and education. The service sector is expected to continue to grow in the future, as people demand more and more services.
- The increasing importance of technology: Technology is playing an increasingly important role in all aspects of life, including industry. Companies are investing in new technologies to improve efficiency, develop new products, and stay ahead of the competition.
- The need for Sustainable Development: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Industrial development must be sustainable in order to protect the environment and ensure that future generations have access to resources.
Question 1
Which of the following is not a major industry in India?
(A) Iron and steel
(B) Cement
(C) Automobiles
(D) Software
Answer
(D) Software
Question 2
Which of the following is the largest producer of iron and steel in India?
(A) Tata Steel
(B) SAIL
(C) JSW Steel
(D) RINL
Answer
(A) Tata Steel
Question 3
Which of the following is the largest producer of cement in India?
(A) ACC
(B) UltraTech Cement
(C) Ambuja Cements
(D) Dalmia Bharat Cement
Answer
(B) UltraTech Cement
Question 4
Which of the following is the largest producer of automobiles in India?
(A) Maruti Suzuki
(B) Hyundai Motor India
(C) Tata Motors
(D) Mahindra & Mahindra
Answer
(A) Maruti Suzuki
Question 5
Which of the following is the largest producer of software in India?
(A) TCS
(B) Infosys
(C) Wipro
(D) HCL Technologies
Answer
(A) TCS
Question 6
Which of the following is the largest city in India by population?
(A) Mumbai
(B) Delhi
(C) Kolkata
(D) Chennai
Answer
(A) Mumbai
Question 7
Which of the following is the largest city in India by area?
(A) Delhi
(B) Mumbai
(C) Chennai
(D) Kolkata
Answer
(A) Delhi
Question 8
Which of the following is the capital of India?
(A) New Delhi
(B) Mumbai
(C) Chennai
(D) Kolkata
Answer
(A) New Delhi
Question 9
Which of the following is the national language of India?
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Bengali
(D) Tamil
Answer
(A) Hindi
Question 10
Which of the following is the currency of India?
(A) Indian rupee
(B) Pakistani rupee
(C) Bangladeshi taka
(D) Sri Lankan rupee
Answer
(A) Indian rupee