India's Science and Technology policy

<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/the-thrust-of-the-scientific-policy-resolution/”>The thrust of the Scientific Policy Resolution, 1958 was on capacity-building in advancement of science as the foundation for making a strong nation, which had just freed itself from the shackles of colonial domination . The focus of the Technology Policy Statement, 1983 was attainment of technological self-reliance and building of national strength by reducing vulnerability in strategic areas .

The Science and Technology Policy, 2003 launched a massive programme for attracting our best talents to the arena of research in basic sciences, so that India continues to earn respect in a competitive knowledge Society.

The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP), 2013 has put our science, technology an innovation (STI) system as the driver for faster, sustainable and Growth-3/”>Inclusive Growth .

The latest policy envisages creation of a new STI ecosystem, which finds solutions to societal problems and facilitates the entire innovation chain from knowledge to wealth creation, while at the same time attracting best students to this area, ensuring a premier position for India in the scientific world.

Investments in Science and Technology

Global investments in science, technology and innovation are estimated at $1.2 trillion as of 2009. India’s R&D Investment is less than 2.5% of this and is currently under 1 % of the GDP.
Increasing Gross Expenditure in Research and Development (GERD) to 2% of the GDP has been a national goal for some time.
Achieving this in the next five years is realizable if the private sector raises its R&D investment to at least match the public sector R&D investment from the current ratio of around 1 :3. The new paradigm is “Science technology and innovation for the people”.

Position in Research Publications

The gross budgetary support for the science and technology sector has significantly increased during the last decade. The impact of such increase is becoming evident.
India ranks ninth globally in the number of scientific publications and 12th in the number of patents filed. The Composite Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Indian publications is around 12±1% and India’s global share has increased from 1.8% in 2001 to 3.5% in 2011.
But the Percentage of Indian publications in the top 1 % impact making journals is only 2.5%.
By 2020, the global share of publications must double and the number of papers in the top 1 % journals must quadruple from the current levels.

Key Elements:

Promoting the spread of scientific temper amongst all sections of society.
Enhancing skill for applications of science among the young from all social strata.
Making careers in science, research and innovation attractive enough for talented and bright minds.
Establishing world class Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE for R&D for gaining global Leadership in some select frontier areas of science.
Positioning India among the top five global scientific powers by 2020.
Linking contributions of science, research and innovation system with the inclusive economic growth agenda and combining priorities of excellence and relevance.
Creating an Environment for enhanced Private Sector Participation in R&D.
Enabling conversion of R&D outputs into societal and commercial applications by replicating hitherto successful models as well as establishing of new PPP structures.
Seeding S&T-based high-risk innovations through new mechanisms.
Fostering resource-optimized, cost-effective innovations across size and technology domains.
Triggering changes in the mindset and value systems to recognize, respect and reward performances which create wealth from S& T derived knowledge.
Creating a robust national innovation system

Focus of the Policy

Facilitating private sector investment in R&D centres in India and overseas.
Promoting establishment of large R&D facilities in PPP mode with provisions for benefits sharing.
Permitting multi stakeholders participation in the Indian R&D system.
Treating R&D in the private sector at par with public institutions for availing public funds. Bench marking of R&D funding mechanisms and patterns globally.
Modifying IPR policy to provide for marching rights for social good when supported by public funds and for co-sharing IPRs generated under PPP.
Launching newer mechanisms for nurturing Technology Business Incubators (TBls) and science-led Entrepreneurship.
Providing incentives for commercialization of innovations with focus on green manufacturing Important Observations Policy places greater thrust on innovation, establishing research institutes and encourage Women scientists with an aim to position itself among the top five scientific powers in the world by 2020.
It talks about modifying the intellectual property regime to provide for marching rights for social good when supported by public funds and co-sharing of patents generated in the public private PARTNERSHIP mode.
Aims at producing and nurturing talent in science, to stimulate research in universities, to develop young leaders in the field of science and to reward performance.
Seeks to create a policy environment for greater private sector participation in research and innovation and to forge international alliances and collaborations to meet the national agenda.
Talks of raising gross expenditure in R&D to two per cent of GDP from the current one per cent in this decade by encouraging enhanced private sector contribution.
Seeks to trigger an ecosystem for innovative abilities to flourish by leveraging partnerships among diverse stakeholders and by encouraging and facilitating enterprises to invest in innovations.

Criticism:

The policy hardly describes any structural or procedural changes which will achieve the grand goal of integrating science, technology and innovation to create value in an inclusive manner.,

India’s Science and Technology policy is a comprehensive document that outlines the country’s goals and objectives in the field of science and technology. The policy was first adopted in 1958, and it has been revised several times since then. The most recent revision was in 2013.

The policy’s main goal is to promote the development and use of science and technology for the benefit of the Indian people. The policy also aims to improve India’s competitiveness in the global economy.

To achieve these goals, the policy identifies a number of key areas for action. These include:

Strengthening the country’s science and technology infrastructure
Developing human Resources for science and technology
Promoting science and technology Education and training
Encouraging science and technology research and development
Promoting science and technology innovation
Commercializing science and technology products and Services
Cooperating with other countries in science and technology
Promoting ethical conduct in science and technology
Communicating science and technology to the public
Coordinating science and technology policy
Planning and BUDGETING for science and technology
Monitoring and evaluating science and technology activities
Legislating for science and technology
Administering science and technology activities

The policy has been successful in achieving some of its goals. For example, India has made significant progress in developing its science and technology infrastructure. The country now has a number of world-class research institutions, and it is producing a growing number of highly skilled scientists and engineers.

However, the policy has also faced some challenges. One challenge is that the country’s science and technology budget has not kept pace with its needs. Another challenge is that there is a lack of coordination between the various government agencies that are responsible for science and technology.

Despite these challenges, India’s Science and Technology policy is a valuable document that has helped to guide the country’s progress in science and technology. The policy is likely to continue to play an important role in the years to come.

In addition to the subtopics listed above, India’s Science and Technology policy also includes a number of other important provisions. These include:

A commitment to promoting the use of science and technology for social and Economic Development
A focus on developing indigenous science and technology capabilities
A commitment to international cooperation in science and technology
A commitment to ensuring the ethical use of science and technology

India’s Science and Technology policy is a comprehensive and ambitious document. It is likely to play an important role in shaping the country’s future in science and technology.

What is science?

Science is a way of knowing about the world around us. It uses evidence to answer questions and make predictions. Science is based on the idea that the natural world is ordered and that we can learn about it by observing it.

What is technology?

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. It includes tools, machines, devices, and systems that are used to solve problems or improve our lives.

What is the difference between science and technology?

Science is the study of the natural world, while technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Science is concerned with understanding how the world works, while technology is concerned with using that knowledge to create new products or services.

What is the history of science and technology?

Science and technology have been intertwined since the beginning of human history. The earliest humans used simple tools and techniques to survive, and over time, these tools and techniques became more sophisticated. The Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries led to a dramatic increase in our understanding of the natural world, and this knowledge has been used to create new technologies that have transformed our lives.

What are some of the most important scientific discoveries?

Some of the most important scientific discoveries include the discovery of the laws of motion by Isaac Newton, the discovery of the structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick, and the discovery of the Higgs boson by the Large Hadron Collider. These discoveries have had a profound impact on our understanding of the universe and our place in it.

What are some of the most important technological innovations?

Some of the most important technological innovations include the invention of the printing press, the steam engine, the lightbulb, and the computer. These innovations have had a profound impact on the way we live and work.

What are some of the challenges facing science and technology?

Some of the challenges facing science and technology include the increasing cost of research, the ethical implications of new technologies, and the potential for misuse of scientific knowledge.

What is the future of science and technology?

The future of science and technology is full of promise. New discoveries and innovations are being made all the time, and these will continue to change our lives in ways we can only imagine.

Sure, here are some MCQs on the topics of science and technology:

Which of the following is not a branch of science?
(A) Physics
(B) Chemistry
(C) Biology
(D) Mathematics
Which of the following is not a branch of technology?
(A) Engineering
(B) Computer science
(C) Medicine
(D) Economics
Which of the following is not a goal of science?
(A) To understand the natural world
(B) To develop new technologies
(C) To improve human Health
(D) To make Money
Which of the following is not a goal of technology?
(A) To solve problems
(B) To improve efficiency
(C) To create new products
(D) To make money
Which of the following is not a benefit of science?
(A) Improved understanding of the natural world
(B) New technologies
(C) Improved human health
(D) Increased profits
Which of the following is not a benefit of technology?
(A) Solving problems
(B) Improving efficiency
(C) Creating new products
(D) Increasing profits
Which of the following is a major challenge facing science today?
(A) The cost of research
(B) The ethical implications of some research
(C) The difficulty of communicating scientific findings to the public
(D) All of the above
Which of the following is a major challenge facing technology today?
(A) The cost of development
(B) The ethical implications of some technologies
(C) The difficulty of ensuring that technologies are safe and reliable
(D) All of the above
Which of the following is a major ethical issue in science?
(A) The use of animals in research
(B) The use of human embryos in research
(C) The potential for scientific research to be used for harmful purposes
(D) All of the above
Which of the following is a major ethical issue in technology?
(A) The potential for technologies to be used for harmful purposes
(B) The impact of technologies on the environment
(C) The impact of technologies on the distribution of wealth
(D) All of the above

I hope these MCQs were helpful!