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The word “monsoon” comes from the Arabic word mausim, meaning season.Monsoons refer to a system of winds in the tropical regions under which the direction of winds is reversed completely between the summer and the winter seasons. Under this system, the winds blow from land to sea in winter and from sea to land in summer. Therefore, most of the rainfall in the regions influenced by the monsoons is received in the summer season while winter season is generally dry.
Due to a higher temperature over the land in summer, a low pressure area develops over the continents and the winds blow from neighbouring Oceans towards the land. These winds are of maritime origin and hence cause ample rainfall in summer. On the other hand, the continents become colder than the neighboring oceans in winter. As a result a high pressure area is developed
over the continents. Therefore, winds blow from land to sea in winter. These winds, being of continental origin, are dry and do not cause rain.
Role of Jet streams, Tibet Plateau and Atmosphere-ocean circulation is of prime importance for the origin of Indian Monsoon.During this summer season the vertical sun rays at tropic of cancer ,the circum polar whirl along with westerly jet stream weakened and shifted northward of the Himalayas and southern branch of this jet stream disappeared by 6-10 June. This removal of westerly jet stream to the north of Tibet plateau leads to reversal of curvature of flow of free air to the north and northwest of the subcontinent. It further leads to development of dynamic depression overlying the thermal depression already established at the surface of northwest Indian subcontinent which ultimately help to trigger the burst of Indian monsoon along with it vigorous advance over the Indian subcontinent.
As long as the position of upper air jet stream is maintained above the surface low pressure to the south of the Himalayas the dynamic anticyclonic conditions persist in the northwestern part of Indian subcontinent which obstruct the ascent of air from the surface low as the air is continuously descending from the above. This is the reason why the months of April, May and June are dry inspite of high temperature and Evaporation while upper air low pressure in the east of the Himalayas over Myanmar, Assam and Bangladesh helps in ascend of air and produce rainfall.
During October and November, the high pressure over northern lndia, the winds start blowing from northeast as retreating monsoons. Clear skies and the increase in mercury northern plains is observed which is termed as ‘October heat’. At this time, the low pressure conditions shift to the Bay of Bengal giving rise to cyclonic depressions. These cyclonic depressions often results in the destruction of life and property generally on the eastern coast and the southern coast. Most of the rainfall of the Coromandel Coast is derived from depressions and Cyclones-2/”>Cyclones.,
The Indian monsoon is a seasonal reversal of wind direction between the northeast and southwest that affects most of the Indian subcontinent. The monsoon season is important for agriculture in India, as it provides most of the annual rainfall.
The Indian monsoon is caused by the difference in temperature between the land and the ocean. In the summer, the land heats up faster than the ocean, causing the air to rise. This creates an area of low pressure over the land. The air from the ocean, which is cooler and at higher pressure, then flows in to fill this low pressure area. This flow of air is what causes the Monsoon Winds.
The onset of the Indian monsoon is a complex process that is not fully understood. However, it is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including the position of the sun, the Earth’s tilt, and the distribution of land and water. The monsoon usually begins in June and ends in September.
The retreat of the Indian monsoon is also a complex process. It is thought to be caused by a decrease in the temperature difference between the land and the ocean. This causes the air to sink over the land, which creates an area of high pressure. The air from the ocean, which is at lower pressure, then flows out to fill this high pressure area. This flow of air is what causes the monsoon winds to retreat.
The Indian monsoon is a vital part of the Indian Climate system. It provides most of the annual rainfall for the subcontinent, which is essential for agriculture. The monsoon also plays a role in the distribution of water Resources and the regulation of temperatures.
The Indian monsoon is a dynamic system that is constantly changing. In recent years, there has been a trend towards a delayed onset of the monsoon and a shorter monsoon season. This is likely due to Climate Change, which is causing the Earth’s temperature to rise. The rise in temperature is causing the land to heat up faster, which is leading to an earlier onset of the monsoon. However, the rise in temperature is also causing the ocean to become warmer, which is leading to a later retreat of the monsoon. This is causing the monsoon season to become shorter.
The changes in the Indian monsoon are having a significant impact on India. The delayed onset of the monsoon is leading to droughts in some parts of the country, while the shorter monsoon season is leading to floods in other parts. These changes are also having a negative impact on agriculture and the economy.
The Indian government is taking steps to address the challenges posed by climate change and the changing monsoon. The government is investing in Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE to improve water management and Irrigation. The government is also working to develop drought-resistant crops and to improve the early warning system for floods.
The Indian monsoon is a complex and dynamic system that is vital to the Indian subcontinent. The changes in the Indian monsoon are having a significant impact on India. The government is taking steps to address the challenges posed by climate change and the changing monsoon.
What is the Indian monsoon?
The Indian monsoon is a seasonal reversal of wind direction between the land and the ocean, bringing heavy rains to the Indian subcontinent during the summer months.
What is the mechanism of the Indian monsoon?
The Indian monsoon is caused by the difference in temperature between the land and the ocean. During the summer, the land heats up faster than the ocean, causing the air to rise. This creates an area of low pressure over the land, which draws in moist air from the ocean. This moist air rises and cools, condensing into clouds and rain.
When does the Indian monsoon onset?
The Indian monsoon typically onsets in June and lasts until September. The onset of the monsoon is marked by the arrival of the first rains.
When does the Indian monsoon retreat?
The Indian monsoon typically retreats in September and October. The retreat of the monsoon is marked by the cessation of the rains.
What are the impacts of the Indian monsoon?
The Indian monsoon is a vital part of the Indian climate system. It provides much-needed rainfall for agriculture and other human activities. The monsoon also plays a role in the distribution of rainfall across the Indian subcontinent.
What are the challenges of the Indian monsoon?
The Indian monsoon is also a major source of natural hazards, such as floods and droughts. These hazards can cause widespread damage to property and infrastructure, and can also lead to loss of life.
What are the management strategies for the Indian monsoon?
There are a number of management strategies that can be used to mitigate the impacts of the Indian monsoon. These include:
- Flood control measures: These can include the construction of Dams, levees, and other infrastructure to prevent flooding.
- Drought management measures: These can include the construction of reservoirs, water harvesting, and other measures to store water during droughts.
- Early warning systems: These can be used to warn people of impending natural hazards, such as floods and droughts.
- Disaster risk reduction measures: These can include measures to improve the resilience of communities to natural hazards, such as building codes and land use planning.
The Indian monsoon is a seasonal wind pattern that affects the Indian subcontinent. It is caused by the difference in temperature between the land and the ocean. The land heats up faster than the ocean in the summer, causing the air to rise. This creates an area of low pressure over the land. The air from the ocean, which is cooler and at higher pressure, flows in to fill this low pressure area. This is the monsoon wind.
The monsoon wind is strongest in the summer, when the temperature difference between the land and the ocean is greatest. It is weakest in the winter, when the temperature difference is smallest. The monsoon wind brings heavy rains to the Indian subcontinent in the summer. These rains are essential for agriculture and for the water supply of the region.
The onset of the monsoon is the time when the monsoon wind begins to blow. It usually occurs in June or July. The retreat of the monsoon is the time when the monsoon wind stops blowing. It usually occurs in September or October.
The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon that is affected by many factors. These factors include the temperature difference between the land and the ocean, the position of the jet stream, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The Indian monsoon is an important part of the climate of the Indian subcontinent. It has a significant impact on the weather, agriculture, and water supply of the region.
Here are some MCQs about the Indian monsoon:
The Indian monsoon is a seasonal wind pattern that affects the:
(a) Indian subcontinent
(b) Southeast Asia
(c) China
(d) JapanThe Indian monsoon is caused by the difference in temperature between the:
(a) land and the ocean
(b) atmosphere and the ocean
(c) sun and the earth
(d) moon and the earthThe Indian monsoon is strongest in the:
(a) summer
(b) winter
(c) spring
(d) fallThe Indian monsoon brings heavy rains to the Indian subcontinent in the:
(a) summer
(b) winter
(c) spring
(d) fallThe onset of the monsoon is the time when the monsoon wind begins to blow. It usually occurs in:
(a) June or July
(b) August or September
(c) October or November
(d) December or JanuaryThe retreat of the monsoon is the time when the monsoon wind stops blowing. It usually occurs in:
(a) June or July
(b) August or September
(c) October or November
(d) December or JanuaryThe Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon that is affected by many factors. These factors include the:
(a) temperature difference between the land and the ocean
(b) position of the jet stream
(c) El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(d) all of the aboveThe Indian monsoon is an important part of the climate of the Indian subcontinent. It has a significant impact on the:
(a) weather
(b) agriculture
(c) water supply
(d) all of the above