The Indian Cinematography Act of 1952 is an act of the Parliament of India that regulates the production, exhibition, and censorship of films in India. The act was passed in response to the growing popularity of cinema in India and the need to regulate the industry. The act established the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), which is responsible for censoring films before they are released to the public. The act also prohibits the exhibition of films that are deemed to be harmful to public morality or that promote communal hatred.
- Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC)
- Film Certification Process
- Categories of Certification (U/A/UA/A)
- Grounds for Rejection of a Film
- Right to Appeal Certification Decision
Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC): This government body, often referred to as the censor board, is responsible for scrutinizing films and granting certification. The CBFC comprises appointed members with expertise in cinema and social matters.
Film Certification Process: Filmmakers submit their completed films to the CBFC for examination. The board meticulously examines the content, evaluating aspects like violence, obscenity, and potential violation of law and order.
Categories of Certification (U/A/UA/A): The CBFC issues certificates based on the suitability of the film for different age groups. A ‘U’ certificate signifies an unrestricted public exhibition, deemed appropriate for all ages. A ‘U/A’ certificate allows viewing by all ages with parental guidance. An ‘A’ certificate restricts viewing to adults only (typically 18 years and above).
Grounds for Rejection of a Film: The CBFC can reject a film entirely if it deems the content too violent, obscene, defamatory, or likely to incite violence or hatred. The board provides detailed guidelines outlining these grounds for rejection.
Right to Appeal Certification Decision: Filmmakers unhappy with the CBFC’s decision have the right to appeal. They can approach a revising committee within the board or even a tribunal established under the act. These appellate bodies review the film and the initial decision, offering filmmakers a chance to defend their work.
The Indian Cinematography Act has been amended several times since its passage in 1952. The most recent amendment was in 2010. The amendment introduced several new provisions, including the requirement for all films to be certified by the CBFC before they are released to the public. The amendment also increased the powers of the CBFC to censor films.
The Indian Cinematography Act has been controversial since its passage. Critics argue that the act is too restrictive and that it stifles creativity in the film industry. They also argue that the CBFC is too powerful and that it is not accountable to the public. Supporters of the act argue that it is necessary to protect public morality and to ensure that films do not promote communal hatred. They also argue that the CBFC is a necessary body to regulate the film industry.
The Indian Cinematography Act is a complex and controversial piece of legislation. It has been amended several times since its passage in 1952, and it is likely to be amended again in the future. The act is a reflection of the changing social and political landscape of India, and it is likely to continue to be debated for many years to come.
FAQS
What is the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952?
The Indian Cinematography Act of 1952 is an act of the Parliament of India that regulates the production, exhibition, and censorship of films in India. The act was passed in response to the growing popularity of cinema in India and the need to regulate the industry. The act established the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), which is responsible for censoring films before they are released to the public. The act also prohibits the exhibition of films that are deemed to be harmful to public morality or that promote communal hatred.
What are the objectives of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952?
The objectives of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952 are to:
- Regulate the production, exhibition, and censorship of films in India.
- Protect public morality.
- Ensure that films do not promote communal hatred.
- Promote the development of the film industry in India.
What are the key provisions of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952?
The key provisions of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952 are:
- The establishment of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC).
- The requirement for all films to be certified by the CBFC before they are released to the public.
- The prohibition of the exhibition of films that are deemed to be harmful to public morality or that promote communal hatred.
- The power of the CBFC to censor films.
What are the criticisms of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952?
The criticisms of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952 are that it is too restrictive and that it stifles creativity in the film industry. They also argue that the CBFC is too powerful and that it is not accountable to the public.
What are the defenses of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952?
The defenses of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952 are that it is necessary to protect public morality and to ensure that films do not promote communal hatred. They also argue that the CBFC is a necessary body to regulate the film industry.
What is the significance of the year 1952 in Indian cinema?
It marks the enactment of a crucial legislation.
What legal framework governs cinematography in India?
The Indian Cinematography Act of 1952.
What are the key provisions of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952?
It regulates the certification, exhibition, and censorship of films.
What is the purpose of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952?
To ensure proper regulation and censorship of films in India.
How does the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952 impact filmmakers?
It mandates compliance with certification and censorship requirements.
Who oversees the implementation of the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952?
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC).
What role does censorship play under the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952?
It ensures that films comply with acceptable standards of morality and decency.
How has the Indian Cinematography Act of 1952 evolved over time?
It has undergone amendments to adapt to changing societal norms and technological advancements.
MCQs
What legislation was enacted in India in the year 1952 to regulate the film industry?
- a) Indian Cinematography Act
- b) Indian Film Regulation Act
- c) Indian Cinema Code
- d) Indian Film Certification Act
Which government body oversees the certification and censorship of films in India?
- a) Indian Film Board
- b) Central Bureau of Film Certification
- c) Indian Film Censorship Board
- d) Central Board of Film Certification
What is the primary purpose of the legislation enacted in 1952 pertaining to the Indian film industry?
- a) Promotion of film culture
- b) Regulation of film production
- c) Taxation of film revenue
- d) Protection of film copyrights
Under the legislation enacted in 1952, who has the authority to issue certificates for the exhibition of films?
- a) Ministry of Culture
- b) Indian Film Association
- c) Central Board of Film Certification
- d) Indian Cinematography Authority
Which of the following is NOT a function regulated by the legislation enacted in 1952 regarding Indian cinema?
- a) Film production standards
- b) Film exhibition certification
- c) Film censorship
- d) Film distribution control