Income and Poverty in Telangana

Income inequalities and POVERTY

The Percentage of self-employed and unpaid family workers is increasing among rural females from 2004-05 to 2011-12; the proportion of regular/salaried is decreasing. In the case of urban females there is signifi cant increase in regular types of EMPLOYMENT and reduction in casual jobs. Casualization is observed among STs in Telangana. And more than half of the ST workers are in selfemployed category. The SC category is mostly employed in casual type of employment compared to any other social group. But the advantage of attaining regular/salaried employment from 2004-05 to 2011-12 goes to the SC community even though others category is still leading in the regular type of employment.

Rural farm activities have increased in Telangana but the proportion of urban non-farm activities is higher compared to all India. It essentially means that the entire rural Telangana is still farm based and the urban Telangana is more involved in non-farm activities. Employment in manufacture is stagnating and the employment generated is mainly in construction and Services. Even though trade, hotels and restaurants, and Public Administration sub-divisions have a higher share within the services sector, work is swiftly changing towards fi nancial intermediaries, business and real estate activities from 2004-05 to 2011-12.

Although the rate of Unemployment is higher in urban areas, the increase is seen more in rural (mostly males) from 2004-05 to 2011-12. On the one hand, there is a reduction of females both in the labour force and in the work force, but on the other, the unemployment rate is lower compared to men.

The proportion of youth (15 to 29 years age group as per NYP, 2014) in Telangana is around 30 per cent, which is higher compared to the national Average. The alarming situation is that about one-fi fth of the youth in the state was neither in the labour force nor in educational institutions during 2011-12; the percentage was only 14.5 during 2004-05. It is unfortunate to note that as high as 96 per cent of the youth in Telangana do not have technical Education at all. Of the total working youth, 44 per cent are in the agriculture sector. Other major employment providers to the youth are manufacturing (15 per cent) and trade, hotels and restaurants (11 per cent).

Nearly about four-fi fths of the households in the state have access to the PDS; level of access is highest in Medak district at 94.5 per cent, lowest in Hyderabad with just about half of the households having ration cards. Nearly 92 per cent of the STs in the state have ration cards; among SC households about 80 per cent have ration cards.

Households in the bottom 30 per cent of MPCE with a maximum monthly per capita consumption expenditure of Rs 1332 account for 52 per cent among STs, 42 per cent among SCs, 30 per cent among OBCs and 14 per cent among ‘Others’. Only 6.8 per cent of ST households and 18.5 per cent of SC households are in the top 30 per cent of MPCE and able to report a monthly per capita expenditure above Rs 2996. Analysis of data reveals that 8.9 per cent of households in the bottom three deciles do not have access to PDS. In other words, the ration cards meant for the poorest of the poor households are held by the ‘richest’ households; 36 per cent of ST households that report not having a ration card are in the bottom- decile group while the corresponding percentage for SCs is 14 per cent. The dependence on PDS for rice among the topmost decile group is as high as 19.49 per cent while in urban Telangana it is negligible. That is, the infi ltration of the better-off sections into the PDS is more of a problem in rural Telangana.

It is reported that Telangana has higher morbidity in rural areas (9.8 per cent), than the urban areas (9.5 per cent) as against the national pattern of 8.9 per cent and 11.8 per cent for rural and urban areas respectively. Logistic regression analysis shows that among gender groups, females were more morbid and they were 17 per cent more likely to report morbidity than males. Age group analysis shows that the ‘old’ age group showed itself more likely to be morbid, followed by the age group ‘0–4’. It shows that the old age group, 60 and above, was 80 per cent more likely to have morbidity than the 0–4 age group, which is the next most probable morbid group. Household size analysis shows that small families with three or fewer members were 52 per cent more likely to have morbidity than the families with eight or more members. High-MPCE groups were 17 per cent less likely to be morbid than medium MPCE.

In Telangana, the percentage of Women married before the age of 18 years (who belonged to the age group of 20–24 during the time of survey) is much higher in rural areas (about 35 per cent). In urban areas, the corresponding percentage is 15.7. This indicates the prevalence of early marriage system in Telangana, especially in rural Telangana. The IMR is also not showing a good sign of Health for Society. Rural IMR is 35 and urban IMR is 20. The situation of under-fi ve mortality rate is also a concern in Telangana with 38 in rural and 25 in urban (NFHS-4, 2015-16). The use of family planning methods is about 59 and 56 per cent in urban and rural areas respectively among the women of age group 15-49. The role of health workers in spreading this is also to be improved a lot.

Although institutional births in Telangana are higher (96 per cent in urban and 87 per cent in rural), the institutional births in public facilities is too low at about only 27 and 34 per cent for urban and rural areas. According to the NSSO (2014) 71st Round survey, the percentage distribution of women (aged 15–49) who gave birth in private hospitals is higher in Telangana both in rural (59.3 per cent) and urban area (74.3 per cent) when compared to all India (22.5 per cent and 45.8 per cent respectively). The rate of utilisation of public hospital for this purpose is very low in Telangana (29.4 per cent in rural and 22.5 per cent in urban) when compared to all India (41.4 per cent and 38.4 per cent respectively). It is to be noted that the rate of deliveries at home is very low in Telangana (2.2 per cent in rural and 1.6 per cent in urban) when compared to all India (19.9 per cent and 10.5 per cent respectively). This necessitates state policy orientation towards ensuring mother and child care through public institutions.

Housing plays an important role in the welfare of a household. Apart from providing shelter against various physical threats, both man-made and natural, the availability of adequate housing facilities with proper supply of potable water, sufficient sanitation facilities and clean surroundings is necessary to ensure decent public health. As assessment of types of housing structure in the state shows that Telangana as a state has fared better than India and is comparable to southern states. Still, in rural areas almost 21 per cent households are residing in semi-pucca houses.

At 79.6 per cent, SCs households had the lowest level of pucca households. The data on presence of a bathroom in the household showed that in the state 28 per cent of the households lacked bathroom facilities in their house; the proportion was still lower in rural areas and among SC and STs, indicating that their houses are small and lack basic facilities. At district level, Karimnagar had the lowest proportion of houses with a bathroom inside the premises, followed by Mahabubnagar and Khammam. With respect to drainage, rural areas lag behind in access; district-wise, Mahabubnagar is especially poor with only 33 per cent households having drainage facilities. Mahabubnagar again stands apart with respect to facilities for garbage disposal – almost 83 per cent households here have no arrangement for garbage disposal. For the state, as a whole, for 29 per cent of households there is no arrangement for garbage disposal, while 37 per cent of households make their own arrangement for disposal.,

Poverty in Telangana

Telangana is a state in India that has been experiencing rapid economic Growth in recent years. However, despite this growth, poverty remains a significant problem in the state. According to the 2011 census, 22.1% of the Population-of-telangana/”>Population of Telangana lived below the Poverty Line. This means that more than 20 million people in Telangana were living in poverty.

There are a number of factors that contribute to poverty in Telangana. One of the most important is the lack of education and employment opportunities. Many people in Telangana do not have the skills or qualifications necessary to get good jobs. This means that they are often forced to work in low-paying, insecure jobs.

Another factor that contributes to poverty in Telangana is the lack of access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and sanitation. Many people in Telangana do not have access to these services, which makes it difficult for them to improve their lives.

The effects of poverty in Telangana are far-reaching. Poverty can lead to Malnutrition, poor health, and lack of education. It can also lead to social exclusion and discrimination. Poverty can also have a negative impact on the Environment, as people who are poor are often forced to exploit natural Resources in order to survive.

The government of Telangana has taken a number of initiatives to reduce poverty in the state. These initiatives include providing free education and healthcare to the poor, building roads and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE, and providing employment opportunities. However, these initiatives have not been enough to eradicate poverty in Telangana.

There are a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working to reduce poverty in Telangana. These NGOs provide a range of services to the poor, including education, healthcare, and employment training. They also advocate for the rights of the poor and lobby the government to take action to reduce poverty.

There are a number of challenges to reducing poverty in Telangana. One of the biggest challenges is the lack of resources. The government of Telangana does not have enough Money to provide all of the services that are needed to reduce poverty. NGOs also face challenges in terms of funding and resources.

Another challenge to reducing poverty in Telangana is the lack of political will. The government of Telangana has not been as committed to reducing poverty as it could be. This is partly due to the fact that the government is focused on other priorities, such as Economic Development.

Despite the challenges, there are a number of ways to improve the lives of the poor in Telangana. One way is to increase access to education and employment opportunities. This can be done by building more schools and colleges, and by providing training and support to businesses that are willing to hire people from poor communities.

Another way to improve the lives of the poor is to provide access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and sanitation. This can be done by building more hospitals and schools, and by providing subsidies for water and sanitation.

Finally, it is important to address the root Causes of Poverty, such as inequality and discrimination. This can be done by enacting laws that protect the rights of the poor, and by providing support to organizations that are working to reduce inequality.

By taking these steps, the government of Telangana and NGOs can make a real difference in the lives of the poor in Telangana.

What is the poverty rate in Telangana?

The poverty rate in Telangana is 12.4%, according to the 2011 census. This means that about 12.4% of the population of Telangana lives below the poverty line.

What are the causes of poverty in Telangana?

The causes of poverty in Telangana are complex and interrelated. Some of the key factors include:

• Low levels of education and skills: Many people in Telangana do not have the education or skills they need to get good jobs. This makes it difficult for them to earn enough money to support themselves and their families.
• Lack of access to healthcare: Many people in Telangana do not have access to quality healthcare. This can lead to health problems that can make it difficult for people to work and earn money.
• Natural disasters: Telangana is prone to natural disasters such as floods and droughts. These disasters can damage crops and homes, making it difficult for people to earn a living.
• Social exclusion: Some groups of people in Telangana, such as women and people with disabilities, are often excluded from opportunities to earn a living. This can make it difficult for them to escape poverty.

What are the effects of poverty in Telangana?

Poverty has a number of negative effects on individuals, families, and communities. Some of the key effects include:

• Hunger and malnutrition: People who live in poverty often do not have enough food to eat. This can lead to hunger and malnutrition, which can have serious health consequences.
• Poor health: People who live in poverty are more likely to experience poor health. This is because they often do not have access to quality healthcare, and they may not be able to afford healthy food.
• Lack of education: Children who live in poverty are more likely to drop out of school. This can limit their opportunities for employment and earning a living in the future.
• Social exclusion: People who live in poverty are often excluded from social and economic opportunities. This can make it difficult for them to improve their lives.

What are the government’s efforts to reduce poverty in Telangana?

The government of Telangana has a number of programs and initiatives in place to reduce poverty. Some of the key programs include:

• The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): This program provides guaranteed employment to rural households.
• The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): This program provides financial services to poor households, including bank accounts, loans, and insurance.
• The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): This program provides training to youth in skills that are in demand by employers.

The government of Telangana is also working to improve access to education, healthcare, and other essential services for poor people. These efforts are having a positive impact on reducing poverty in Telangana.

What can be done to help reduce poverty in Telangana?

There are a number of things that can be done to help reduce poverty in Telangana. Some of the key actions include:

• Investing in education and skills development: This will help people get better jobs and earn more money.
• Providing access to healthcare: This will help people stay healthy and productive.
• Creating jobs: This will give people the opportunity to earn a living.
• Promoting social inclusion: This will help people who are marginalized have the same opportunities as everyone else.

By taking these actions, we can help reduce poverty in Telangana and improve the lives of millions of people.

1. Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to poverty?
   (A) Lack of education
   (B) Lack of employment opportunities
   (C) Natural disasters
   (D) High cost of living

2. Which of the following is a government program that aims to reduce poverty?
   (A) The Earned Income tax Credit
   (B) The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
   (C) The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program
   (D) All of the above

3. Which of the following is a common misconception about poverty?
   (A) The poor are lazy.
   (B) The poor are all on welfare.
   (C) The poor are all uneducated.
   (D) None of the above

4. Which of the following is a true statement about poverty?
   (A) Poverty is a problem that affects only developing countries.
   (B) Poverty is a problem that affects only rural areas.
   (C) Poverty is a problem that affects only certain ethnic groups.
   (D) Poverty is a problem that affects people of all races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds.

5. Which of the following is a policy that could help to reduce poverty?
   (A) Increasing the minimum wage
   (B) Providing affordable housing
   (C) Expanding access to education and job training
   (D) All of the above

6. Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between income and poverty?
   (A) The higher the income, the lower the poverty rate.
   (B) The lower the income, the higher the poverty rate.
   (C) There is no correlation between income and poverty.
   (D) The relationship between income and poverty is complex and depends on a variety of factors.

7. Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between education and poverty?
   (A) The higher the level of education, the lower the poverty rate.
   (B) The lower the level of education, the higher the poverty rate.
   (C) There is no correlation between education and poverty.
   (D) The relationship between education and poverty is complex and depends on a variety of factors.

8. Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between employment and poverty?
   (A) The higher the employment rate, the lower the poverty rate.
   (B) The lower the employment rate, the higher the poverty rate.
   (C) There is no correlation between employment and poverty.
   (D) The relationship between employment and poverty is complex and depends on a variety of factors.

9. Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between health and poverty?
   (A) The higher the level of health, the lower the poverty rate.
   (B) The lower the level of health, the higher the poverty rate.
   (C) There is no correlation between health and poverty.
   (D) The relationship between health and poverty is complex and depends on a variety of factors.

10. Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between housing and poverty?
    (A) The higher the quality of housing, the lower the poverty rate.
    (B) The lower the quality of housing, the higher the poverty rate.
    (C) There is no correlation between housing and poverty.
    (D) The relationship between housing and poverty is complex and depends on a variety of factors.