ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research)

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ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research)

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of agriculture and Farmers Welfare , Government of India. Formerly known as Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, it was established on 16 July 1929 as a registered Society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture. The ICAR has its headquarters at New Delhi. The Council is the apex body for co-ordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture, Fisheries-2/”>Fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country. With 101 ICAR institutes and 71 agricultural universities spread across the country this is one of the largest national agricultural systems in the world. The ICAR has played a pioneering role in ushering Green Revolution and subsequent developments in Agriculture In India through its research and technology development that has enabled the country to increase the production of foodgrains by 5.4 times, horticultural crops by 10.1 times, fish by 15.2 times, milk 9.7 times and eggs 48.1 times since 1951 to 2017, thus making a visible impact on the national food and nutritional security. It has played a major role in promoting excellence in higher education in agriculture. It is engaged in cutting edge areas of science and technology development and its scientists are internationally acknowledged in their fields.,

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. It was established in 1929 with the objective of coordinating, guiding and promoting research and education in agriculture, Animal Husbandry, fisheries, Forestry and allied sciences.

ICAR is the apex body for agricultural research in India and has a Network of 99 national research institutes, 57 national bureaus, 45 state agricultural universities, 10 central agricultural universities and 100 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs). It also has a number of regional research stations and field stations located all over the country.

ICAR’s mandate is to conduct research on all aspects of agriculture and allied sciences, to develop new technologies and practices, to train manpower in agricultural sciences, to disseminate information and technology to farmers and to promote extension activities.

ICAR has made significant contributions to the development of agriculture in India. It has developed a number of high-yielding varieties of crops, improved breeds of Livestock, and new technologies for crop production, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry and allied sciences. It has also trained a large number of scientists and extension workers in agricultural sciences.

ICAR’s research has helped to increase agricultural production and productivity in India. It has also helped to improve the Quality Of Life of farmers and rural people. ICAR’s extension activities have helped to disseminate new technologies and practices to farmers and to promote agricultural development.

ICAR is a premier agricultural research organization in the world. It has made significant contributions to the development of agriculture in India and has helped to improve the lives of millions of farmers and rural people.

Here are some of the subtopics of ICAR and their brief descriptions:

  • Agricultural Extension: Agricultural extension is the process of transferring agricultural technology and knowledge from research institutions to farmers. It involves a variety of activities such as training, demonstration, and field visits.
  • Agricultural Engineering: Agricultural engineering is the application of engineering principles to the design, construction, and operation of agricultural systems. It includes areas such as Irrigation, drainage, Soil and water conservation, farm machinery, and agricultural processing.
  • Agricultural Economics: Agricultural economics is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of agricultural products. It includes areas such as agricultural policy, farm management, Marketing, and rural development.
  • Agricultural Education: Agricultural education is the process of teaching people about agriculture. It includes formal education at schools and colleges, as well as non-formal education through extension programs and farmer training.
  • Agricultural Meteorology: Agricultural meteorology is the study of the weather and Climate as they affect agriculture. It includes areas such as crop forecasting, irrigation scheduling, and pest management.
  • Agricultural Statistics: Agricultural statistics is the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on agriculture. It includes areas such as crop production, livestock production, and agricultural prices.
  • Animal Science: Animal science is the study of domestic animals. It includes areas such as animal breeding, Nutrition, and Health.
  • Biochemistry: Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms. It includes areas such as Protein Synthesis, Metabolism, and energy production.
  • Biotechnology: Biotechnology is the application of biological processes to industrial and commercial processes. It includes areas such as Genetic engineering, Fermentation-2/”>Fermentation, and bioremediation.
  • Botany: Botany is the study of Plants. It includes areas such as plant anatomy, plant physiology, and plant taxonomy.
  • Entomology: Entomology is the study of insects. It includes areas such as insect Classification, insect biology, and insect control.
  • Genetics: Genetics is the study of heredity and variation. It includes areas such as gene mapping, DNA sequencing, and genetic engineering.
  • Horticulture: Horticulture is the study of fruit, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It includes areas such as plant breeding, plant cultivation, and plant protection.
  • Plant Breeding: Plant breeding is the process of developing new varieties of plants. It includes areas such as selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding.
  • Plant Pathology: Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases. It includes areas such as disease diagnosis, disease control, and disease forecasting.
  • Soil Science: Soil science is the study of soil. It includes areas such as soil formation, soil classification, and Soil fertility.
  • Veterinary Science: Veterinary science is the study of animal health. It includes areas such as animal anatomy, animal physiology, and animal diseases.
  • Water Management: Water management is the process of controlling the use of water. It includes areas such as irrigation, drainage, and water conservation.
  • Weed Science: Weed science is the study of Weeds. It includes areas such as weed identification, weed control, and weed management.

What is agriculture?

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world.

What are the different types of agriculture?

There are many different types of agriculture, but some of the most common include:

  • Subsistence agriculture: This type of agriculture is used to produce enough food to meet the needs of the farmer and their family. It is often practiced in developing countries where there is little access to markets or other sources of food.
  • Commercial agriculture: This type of agriculture is used to produce crops or livestock for sale. It is often practiced in developed countries where there is a large market for agricultural products.
  • Industrial agriculture: This type of agriculture is characterized by large-scale production of crops or livestock using intensive methods. It is often practiced in developed countries where there is a strong demand for cheap food.
  • Organic agriculture: This type of agriculture uses methods that do not rely on synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides and Fertilizers. It is often practiced by farmers who are concerned about the environmental impact of conventional agriculture.
  • Sustainable Agriculture: This type of agriculture is designed to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It often involves practices such as Crop Rotation, cover Cropping, and no-till farming.

What are the benefits of agriculture?

Agriculture provides us with food, fiber, fuel, and other essential products. It also plays an important role in the economy, providing jobs and income for millions of people around the world. Agriculture can also help to improve the Environment by restoring degraded land and protecting water Resources.

What are the challenges of agriculture?

Agriculture faces a number of challenges, including Climate Change, pests and diseases, and competition from other land uses. Climate change is causing changes in temperature and Precipitation patterns, which can disrupt crop yields and livestock production. Pests and diseases can also damage crops and livestock, and can spread rapidly in a globalized food system. Competition from other land uses, such as Urbanization and development, can reduce the amount of land available for agriculture.

What is the future of agriculture?

The future of agriculture is uncertain, but it is clear that the sector will need to adapt to a number of challenges in order to meet the needs of a growing Population. Some of the key challenges that agriculture will face in the future include climate change, pests and diseases, and competition from other land uses. Agriculture will also need to become more efficient and sustainable in order to meet the demands of a growing population.

1. Which of the following is not a type of soil?
(A) Sandy soil
(B) Clay soil
(C) Loam soil
(D) ICAR soil

2. Which of the following is not a crop?
(A) Wheat
(B) Rice
(C) Sugarcane
(D) ICAR

3. Which of the following is not a livestock?
(A) Cow
(B) Sheep
(C) Goat
(D) ICAR

4. Which of the following is not a Poultry?
(A) Chicken
(B) Duck
(C) Goose
(D) ICAR

5. Which of the following is not a fish?
(A) Salmon
(B) Tuna
(C) Tilapia
(D) ICAR

6. Which of the following is not a fruit?
(A) Apple
(B) Orange
(C) Grapes
(D) ICAR

7. Which of the following is not a vegetable?
(A) Potato
(B) Tomato
(C) Carrot
(D) ICAR

8. Which of the following is not a grain?
(A) Wheat
(B) Rice
(C) Corn
(D) ICAR

9. Which of the following is not a legume?
(A) Pea
(B) Bean
(C) Lentil
(D) ICAR

10. Which of the following is not a nut?
(A) Almond
(B) Walnut
(C) Peanut
(D) ICAR