Human Rights:- For Ras RTS Mains examination

<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/human-rights/”>Human Rights are commonly understood as inalienable Fundamental Rights “to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being,” and which are “inherent in all human beings” regardless of their nation, location, language, religion, ethnic origin or any other status. The history of human rights can be traced to past documents, particularly Constitution of Medina (622), Al-Risalah al-Huquq (659-713), Magna Carta (1215), the English Bill of Rights (1689), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), and the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution (1791).

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of Society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and Education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. which are as follows:-

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of Sovereignty.
Everyone has the right to life, Liberty and security of person.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national Tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Everyone is entitled in full Equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
(1) Everyone has the right to Freedom of Movement and residence within the borders of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
(1) Men and Women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its Dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full Consent of the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to Public Service in his country.
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine Elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and Resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his Personality.
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of EMPLOYMENT, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against Unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join Trade Unions for the protection of his interests.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the Health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social Services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, Tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

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Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.

International human rights law is a body of law that protects the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals and groups. It is based on the idea that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. International human rights law includes treaties, declarations, and other instruments that have been adopted by the international community.

National human rights law is the body of law that protects human rights within a particular country. It is based on international human rights law, but it can also include additional rights and protections that are specific to that country. National human rights law is usually enforced by courts or other government bodies.

Human rights in India are protected by the Constitution of India, which was adopted in 1950. The Constitution guarantees a number of fundamental rights, including the right to life and liberty, freedom from discrimination, freedom of speech and expression, and the right to equality before the law. The Constitution also establishes a number of institutions to protect human rights, including the National Human Rights Commission and the State Human Rights Commissions.

Human rights violations are any act that deprives a person of their human rights. They can take many forms, including torture, arbitrary detention, extrajudicial killings, and discrimination. Human rights violations can occur in any country, regardless of its level of development.

There are a number of remedies available to victims of human rights violations. These include civil remedies, such as damages, and criminal remedies, such as prosecution of the perpetrators. Victims can also seek redress through international human rights bodies, such as the United Nations Human Rights Council.

Human rights education and awareness is essential to the promotion and protection of human rights. It helps people to understand their rights and how to protect them. It also helps to create a culture of respect for human rights. Human rights education can be provided through formal education, such as in schools and universities, or through informal education, such as through workshops and community outreach programs.

The judiciary plays an important role in protecting human rights. Courts can review laws and government actions to ensure that they comply with human rights standards. They can also order the release of prisoners who have been detained unlawfully and provide compensation to victims of human rights violations.

The media also plays an important role in protecting human rights. By reporting on human rights violations, the media can help to raise awareness of these issues and put pressure on governments to take action. The media can also provide a platform for victims of human rights violations to share their stories.

Civil society organizations play a vital role in protecting human rights. They can monitor human rights violations, provide legal assistance to victims, and advocate for changes to laws and policies. Civil society organizations can also help to build a culture of respect for human rights.

There are a number of challenges to the protection of human rights. These include POVERTY, discrimination, Corruption, and armed conflict. In addition, some governments are reluctant to protect human rights, or even actively violate them.

Despite these challenges, there has been progress in the protection of human rights in recent years. This progress has been due to the efforts of governments, international organizations, civil society organizations, and individuals. The future of human rights is uncertain, but there is reason to be hopeful that the trend towards greater respect for human rights will continue.

What is the difference between a right and a privilege?

A right is something that is owed to you by virtue of your being human. A privilege is something that is granted to you by someone else.

What are the different types of rights?

There are many different types of rights, but some of the most common include:

Civil rights: These are rights that protect your individual freedom, such as the right to free speech and the right to vote.
Political rights: These are rights that allow you to participate in government, such as the right to run for office and the right to vote.
Economic rights: These are rights that guarantee you a certain standard of living, such as the right to food and the right to housing.
Social rights: These are rights that protect your dignity and well-being, such as the right to education and the right to health care.
What are the different sources of human rights?

Human rights can be found in a variety of sources, including:

International law: There are many international treaties and conventions that set forth human rights standards.
National law: Many countries have laws that protect human rights.
Customary law: Some human rights are based on long-standing customs and traditions.
Natural law: Some people believe that human rights are based on universal principles of Justice that are inherent in all human beings.
What are the different mechanisms for protecting human rights?

There are a variety of mechanisms for protecting human rights, including:

National courts: National courts can hear cases involving human rights violations.
International Courts: There are a number of international courts that can hear cases involving human rights violations.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs): NGOs can work to protect human rights by monitoring human rights abuses, providing legal assistance to victims, and advocating for change.
The United Nations: The United Nations has a number of mechanisms for protecting human rights, including the Human Rights Council and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
What are some of the challenges to protecting human rights?

There are a number of challenges to protecting human rights, including:

Poverty: Poverty can make people more vulnerable to human rights abuses.
Conflict: Conflict can lead to human rights abuses, such as torture, arbitrary detention, and extrajudicial killings.
Discrimination: Discrimination can lead to human rights abuses, such as denial of education, employment, and healthcare.
Corruption: Corruption can make it difficult to hold those responsible for human rights abuses accountable.
Lack of awareness: Many people are not aware of their human rights or the mechanisms that exist to protect them.
What can you do to help protect human rights?

There are many things you can do to help protect human rights, including:

Educate yourself about human rights.
Support organizations that work to protect human rights.
Speak out against human rights abuses.
Hold your government accountable for its human rights record.
Vote for candidates who support human rights.
Volunteer your time or donate Money to human rights causes.
What is the future of human rights?

The future of human rights is uncertain. There are many challenges to protecting human rights, but there are also many people working to promote and protect human rights around the world. It is important to stay informed about Human Rights Issues and to take action to protect human rights.

Which of the following is not a fundamental right guaranteed by the Indian Constitution?
(A) Right to equality
(B) Right to freedom
(C) Right against exploitation
(D) Right to Property
Which of the following is not a directive principle of state policy?
(A) To secure justice, social, economic and political, to all citizens, within the limits of the resources of the country
(B) To promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life
(C) To provide adequate means of livelihood for all citizens
(D) To prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health
Which of the following is not a part of The Preamble to the Indian Constitution?
(A) Justice, social, economic and political
(B) Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
(C) Equality of status and of opportunity
(D) Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and Integrity of the nation
Which of the following is not a fundamental duty under the Indian Constitution?
(A) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions
(B) To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom
(C) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so
(D) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities
Which of the following is not a power of the President of India?
(A) To summon, prorogue and dissolve Parliament
(B) To appoint the Prime Minister and other members of the Council of Ministers
(C) To declare war or conclude peace
(D) To issue ordinances when Parliament is not in session
Which of the following is not a function of the Parliament of India?
(A) To make laws
(B) To levy taxes
(C) To approve the budget
(D) To impeach the President
Which of the following is not a feature of the Indian federal system?
(A) Dual government
(B) Unitary government
(C) Parliamentary government
(D) Federal supremacy
Which of the following is not a source of law in India?
(A) The Constitution
(B) Statutes
(C) Custom
(D) Precedent
Which of the following is not a type of court in India?
(A) Supreme Court
(B) High Court
(C) District Court
(D) Municipal Court
Which of the following is not a fundamental right guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
(A) Right to life, liberty and security of person
(B) Right to freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
(C) Right to freedom from slavery and servitude
(D) Right to property
Which of the following is not a directive principle of state policy under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
(A) To promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom
(B) To secure the universal and effective recognition and observance of the human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion
(C) To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples
(D) To cooperate in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion
Which of the following is not a part of the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
(A) We the people of the United Nations determined
(B) To reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small
(C) To establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained
(D) To promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom
Which of the following is not a fundamental duty under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
(A) To respect and obey the law
(B) To pay taxes
(C) To serve in the national defence when called upon to do so
(D) To take part in the government of one’s country, directly or through freely chosen representatives
Which of the following is not a power of the United Nations?
(A) To maintain international peace and