Horticulture of Haryana

Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture of Haryana

Definition of Horticulture:

Horticulture may be broadly defined as the Science and art of growing fruits, vegetables and flowers and crops like spices condiments and other Plantation Crops.
It is a science of cultivation of Garden Plants.
The word Horticulture in derived from the Latin word Hortus meaning enclosure (garden) and culture – meaning, cultivation,. Thus Horticulture mans culture or cultivation of garden crops.

Branches of Horticulture:

Horticultural Science is the most distinct branch of Agricultural Sciences and call be divided into four different branches as follow.

Main Branches:

Pamology– It deals with cultivation of fruit crops.
Olericulture- It deals with cultivation of Vegetable Crops
Floriculture- It deals with cultivation of ornamental flowers and land scaping.
Fruit and
vegetable preservation- It deals with the principles of fruit and vegetable preservation

Sub Branches:

Plantation and Medicinal plants.
Ornamental Gardening
Landscape gardening and
Nursery plant production

Haryana Government effort for Horticulture

Horticulture Department deals with the production and maintenance of fruits, vegetables, and flowers, spices mushroom , Medicinal And Aromatic Plants.
The cultivation of horticulture crops is highly specialized, technical and remunerative venture as compared to traditional crops being grown by the farmers. Apart from this,majority of Horticulture crops, being perishable in nature, requires systematic planning for their development.
Horticulture Development has assumed greater importance in recent years since this sector has been identified as remunerative for diversification of land use which provides increased EMPLOYMENT opportunities, better return per unit area besides filling the nutritional gaps.
Farmers in Haryana have also started taking up horticulture crops as a separate viable economic activity. With a view to give a boost to the Growth of horticulture in the state, Haryana Govern-ment created a separate Department of Horticulture in 1990-91, which was previously a part of agriculture Department, Haryana.
The Directorate of the Department is located in Udyan Bhawan,Sector-21,Panchkula and has 21 district offices and 25 Government Garden & Nurseries across the State. These offices provide all the extension Services in the field of horticulture. Further, the quality planting material is available in these nurseries.

Vision and Objectives:-

Keeping in view the emerging challenges in the field of horticulture and to provide nutritional security to the masses the department with a vision “to make Haryana Modern Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation State with a vision to lead in domestic and export market” has earmarked the following objectives:

Diversification from agriculture to horticulture.
Doubling of horticulture production in 11th.

Five Year Plan

Optimal use of basic natural Resources.
Establishment of convergence and synergy among stakeholders.
Improvement in productivity, yield and quality of horticulture produce.
Increase in economic status and thereby increase in income per unit.
Dissemination of latest technology at farmers field.
Nutritional security to people
Creation of export potential and earning Foreign Exchange

Haryana Strengths, Opportunities and Initiatives

Strengths

Favorable Climate for production of quality fruits and vegetables.
Exclusive good soils for fruits and vegetables with a high production potential.
Proximity to major markets like Delhi and tri-city of Chandigarh.

Opportunities:

Proximity to NCR offers excellent Marketing channels.
Scope for establishment of Processing Industries in fruits (mango, citrus, aonla, strawberry) and
vegetables (pea, tomato, potato, carrots, garlic, onion)
Export of Mango, Citrus-kinnow and Vegetables to Far East.
Amendment of APMC act, opportunities for Contract Farming.
Favorable Industry climate

Initiatives:

Increase in outlay of more than 200 times in the last five years. In the year 2004-05, the outlay for Horticulture was Rs. 80.00 lakhs which increased to Rs. 16573.00 lakhs in 2009-10.
Launching of new schemes of National Horticulture Mission, Micro-Irrigation and National Mission on Medicinal Plants. Major activities initiated under National Horticulture Mission are the area expansion under fruits, flowers, spices, creation of Water Resources – community tanks and post harvest management and marketing Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE.
Development of best integration model in India by integrating the components of community tank, orchard plantation and micro-irrigation & emulated by other States.
Concerted efforts on water saving techniques and increased subsidy assistance in Micro Irrigation (drip and sprinkler) scheme from 50% to 90%. So far an area of 8231 Ha has already been covered up to 2008-09.
Tremendous impetus to the post harvest management and marketing of fruits and vegetables and got sanctioned projects to the tune of Rs.67.00 crore and of Rs.170.00 crores in 2006-07 and 2009-10. The facilities created are collection centres, pack houses, grading units and whole sale market.
At Horticulture Training Institute, Karnal three new courses were started as one year diploma, six month and three month courses in the field of Horticulture.
With the agreement of Govt. of Haryana and Govt. of Israel two projects in the name of Centre of Excellence for fruits and Centre of Excellence for vegetables were started at Sirsa and Karnal respectively. In these centres all the new technologies with Israeli expertise will be demonstrated.
Entering into the field of Biotechnology especially production of micro tubers in potato and introduction of new varieties through Tissue Culture techniques.

National Horticulture Mission (N H M) of India

Recognizing the importance of horticulture sector in the growth of Indian Agriculture, Honorable Finance Minister announced launching of National Horticulture Mission in his budget speech on July 8, 2004.
The horticulture sector includes fruit, vegetables, spices, medicinal and aromatic plants, flowers, mushroom and a variety of plantation crops like coconut, areca nut, cashew nut and cocoa which has been contributing significantly to the GDP in agriculture (28.5 per cent form 8.5 per cent area).
National Horticulture Mission is a centrally sponsored scheme in which Government of India provide 100% assistance to the state mission during the year 2005-06 (During XI plan, the assistance form Government of India will be 85% with 15% contribution by the State Government.

Objectives:

To develop horticulture to the maximum potential available in the State and to augment production of all horticultural production of all horticultural products (Fruits, Vegetable, flowers, Plantation crops, Spices, Medicinal Aromatic plants) in the state

To provide holistic growth of the horticulture sector through an area based regionally differentiated strategies
To enhance horticulture production, improve nutritional security and income support to farm households;
To establish convergence and synergy among multiple on-going and planned programmes for horticulture development;
To promote, develop and disseminate technologies, through a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge.
To create opportunities for employment generation for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youth;

In pursuance of the above goals, the National Horticulture Mission will focus in the areas of horticultural research, development, post harvest management,, processing and marketing.

NHM and Haryana

Modus Operandi:

Under National Horticulture Mission , the scheme is being implemented through an autonomous body as Haryana State Horticulture Development Agency as a Society under Society Registration Act 1860 in which Financial Commissioner & Principal Secretary to Government Haryana, Agriculture Department is a Chairman and Director General Horticulture is the Mission Director.
The Scheme is being implemented by the delegation of Powers entrusted to Chairman, Mission Director and District Horticulture Officers. Since National Horticulture Mission is a Mission approach and involves release of subsidies under various component.
Therefore for successful implementation of this Scheme, Director General Horticulture may be entrusted the renewed Delegation of Powers as per NHM.

Scheme Components:

Under this Scheme the same components are kept as prescribed under NHM as development of nursery, potato seed development and demonstration both at Govt. and farmers field, area expansion programme of fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, rejuvenation of old orchards, community water tank/water pond, plant protection including IPM and INM, Bee Keeping, HRD including training and Post-Harvest Management practices.
Apart from this latest technologies which are available in the market shall be demonstrated in the fields of farmers and also at Govt. farms.
All these components are to be taken together to give holistic approach to the Horticulture Sector and subsidies are to be provided under individual component as per the norms of NHM approved by GOI for the year 2014-15.

Pattern of Assistance:

This scheme will be implemented on the pattern of National Horticulture Mission and guidelines and norms as per National Horticulture Mission norms so prescribed by Government of India and revised accordingly shall be followed.
The assistance Percentage available under this scheme ranges from 25%-100% depending upon the component. The subsidy amount ranges from Rs.0.05 lakhs to Rs. 15.00 lakhs.
However some of the components which are not covered under NHM or existing norms are not favorable, the new components are proposed with a subsidy of 50% to 75% assistance for promotion of green houses, shade net houses, fruit plants like strawberry, papaya and vegetables like potato, watermelon, coloured capsicum etc

Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It is a branch of agriculture that deals with the cultivation of plants for human use. Horticulture includes the following subtopics:

Fruits

Fruits are the sweet, fleshy part of a plant that contains the seeds. They are an important part of the human diet, providing VITAMINS, Minerals, and fiber. Some common fruits grown in Haryana include apples, apricots, bananas, citrus fruits, grapes, guavas, mangoes, melons, peaches, pears, plums, and strawberries.

Vegetables

Vegetables are the edible parts of a plant, other than the fruit. They are an important source of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Some common vegetables grown in Haryana include arugula, asparagus, beans, beets, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, celery, cucumbers, eggplant, garlic, green beans, green onions, lettuce, mushrooms, onions, peas, peppers, potatoes, radishes, spinach, squash, tomatoes, and zucchini.

Flowers

Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. They are used for their beauty and fragrance. Some common flowers grown in Haryana include carnations, chrysanthemums, daisies, gladioli, lilies, orchids, roses, and tulips.

Other

Other topics in horticulture include nursery, seed production, Soil management, water management, pest control, disease control, and marketing.

Nursery is the business of growing and selling plants. Seed production is the process of producing seeds from plants. Soil management is the process of preparing and maintaining the soil for growing plants. Water management is the process of providing the right amount of water to plants. Pest control is the process of controlling pests that damage plants. Disease control is the process of controlling diseases that damage plants. Marketing is the process of selling plants and plant products.

Horticulture is an important part of the economy of Haryana. It provides employment for millions of people and contributes billions of rupees to the state’s GDP. Horticulture is also a major source of food for the people of Haryana.

The future of horticulture in Haryana is bright. The state has a favorable climate for growing a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. The government of Haryana is also supportive of the horticulture sector. It has implemented several policies and programs to promote horticulture. As a result, the horticulture sector in Haryana is expected to grow at a rapid pace in the coming years.

Here are some of the challenges faced by the horticulture sector in Haryana:

Water scarcity

Haryana is a water-scarce state. The availability of water for irrigation is limited. This is a major challenge for the horticulture sector.

Pests and diseases

Pests and diseases are a major threat to the horticulture sector. They can cause significant damage to crops.

Marketing

The marketing of horticulture produce is a challenge. There is a lack of organized marketing channels for horticulture produce. This results in low prices for farmers.

Infrastructure

The infrastructure for horticulture is inadequate. There is a lack of cold storage facilities, processing facilities, and transportation facilities. This results in post-harvest losses.

Research and development

There is a lack of research and development in the horticulture sector. This results in low productivity and high costs.

Despite these challenges, the horticulture sector in Haryana has the potential to grow rapidly in the coming years. The government of Haryana is taking steps to address the challenges faced by the sector. With the right policies and support, the horticulture sector can play a major role in the development of the state.

Here are some frequently asked questions about horticulture:

What is horticulture?
Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants, especially fruits, vegetables, and flowers. It includes the cultivation of plants for food, fiber, and ornamental purposes.
What are the different types of horticulture?
There are many different types of horticulture, including:
Fruit and vegetable horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of fruits and vegetables.
Ornamental horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of plants for their beauty.
Landscape horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the design and maintenance of landscapes.
Nursery horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the production and sale of plants.
What are the benefits of horticulture?
There are many benefits to horticulture, including:
It provides food for people and animals.
It produces fiber for clothing and other products.
It helps to improve air quality.
It provides a place for people to relax and enjoy nature.
It can be a Source Of Income for people.
What are the challenges of horticulture?
There are some challenges to horticulture, including:
Pests and diseases can damage crops.
Weather conditions can affect crop yields.
Horticulture can be labor-intensive.
Horticulture can be expensive.
Horticulture can be competitive.
What are the future trends in horticulture?
The future trends in horticulture include:
The development of new varieties of plants.
The use of new technologies, such as hydroponics and vertical farming.
The growth of the organic horticulture industry.
The increasing demand for locally grown food.
The increasing popularity of urban gardening.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.

Which of the following is not a type of fruit?
(A) Apple
(B) Grapes
(C) Tomato
(D) Potato
Which of the following is not a type of vegetable?
(A) Carrot
(B) Cabbage
(C) Potato
(D) Tomato
Which of the following is not a type of grain?
(A) Wheat
(B) Rice
(C) Corn
(D) Potato
Which of the following is not a type of legume?
(A) Pea
(B) Bean
(C) Lentil
(D) Potato
Which of the following is not a type of nut?
(A) Almond
(B) Walnut
(C) Peanut
(D) Potato
Which of the following is not a type of seed?
(A) Sunflower seed
(B) Pumpkin seed
(C) Sesame seed
(D) Potato
Which of the following is not a type of berry?
(A) Strawberry
(B) Blueberry
(C) Raspberry
(D) Potato
Which of the following is not a type of citrus fruit?
(A) Orange
(B) Lemon
(C) Grapefruit
(D) Potato
Which of the following is not a type of stone fruit?
(A) Peach
(B) Plum
(C) Cherry
(D) Potato
Which of the following is not a type of tropical fruit?
(A) Banana
(B) Mango
(C) Pineapple
(D) Potato