Horticulture in Odisha

Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture in Odisha

The agro-climatic conditions are immensely suitable for perennial fruit crops like mango, litchi, guava, oranges and limes; annual fruit crops like banana, pineapple and papaya ; spices like ginger, turmeric and chilly, a variety of roots and tubers and a whole range of vegetables. The low-temperature hilly areas at higher altitude offer ideal conditions for growing off-season vegetables. Of late fl oriculture is also showing excellent prospects. The State thus enjoys a natural comparative advantage for horticulture with possibilities for growing a diversifi ed basket of fruits, vegetables, spices, tubers and fl owers; whose potential has not been fully exploited. Paddy is mainly grown in the Low & Medium land in a consolidated manner. So, there is vast scope to convert the uplands and waste lands of the state for Horticultural crops.

The present gross cropped area under horticulture is 13.61 lakh hectares, which is about 20% of the net shown area. It can safely be increased to 20 lakh hectares during coming ten years. Out of a total of 41 lakh hectares covered under paddy during Kharif season, upland paddy constitutes about 9.58 lakh hectares. Some of these upland paddy areas and some medium land under irrigated ayacuts may be suitably diversifi ed for horticulture plantations and vegetable cultivation.

Horticulture As A Livelihood of Tribal Households in Odisha

The tribes constitute 22.43 per cent of the total State Population-of-odisha/”>POPULATION OF ODISHA (Rajkhisor, 2007). Most of them are desperately poor, backward, generally uneducated and lead a hard and miserable life . Although Rayagada and Koraput districts are very suitable for horticultural crops, a very small Percentage (5.83) of the tribal households had horticulture as a primary livelihood source.  Besides horticulture as the primary Source Of Income of the households, tribal families had undertaken it as secondary and tertiary livelihood Options also.

Backyard fruit tree plantation, vegetable cultivation, kitchen garden etc. were important activities under this sector. Main kitchen garden crops were maize, beans, pumpkin, leafy vegetables, jhata (popat), onion, garlic, brinjal, tomato etc. Some of tribals in Kashipur block have gone for mango and cashew planting of elite varieties, which was yet to come under fruiting. In their weekly market, they sold out their horticultural products such as papaya, jackfruit and pine apple and in exchange they took kerosene, salt, chicken etc.

In addition to fruit and vegetable cultivation in their homestead and field, the tribal families were heavily depending upon the collection, processing and sale of horticultural produce from the forest which is very important source of food and income for their households. Between March and May of every year (lean season in agriculture), the tribal households depend on horticultural forest products for their livelihoods.

Suggestions for the better development of horticulture

1. Region specific interventions such as specific crops i.e. on fruits, vegetables, spices, MAP, fl owers & Plantation Crops or varieties for particular region or agro climatic situation are to be selected.

2 . Adequate R&D support through OUAT, KVKs & other ICAR Institutes.

3. Vegetable Crops should be selected basing on market demand to avoid glut.
4. Onion & Potato crops should be be taken up in cluster.
5. Different farming system modules may be developed and farmers interested in specific systems may be grouped accordingly:

(a) Rice based system: Paddy-Potato- Cucurbit/Greens

(b) Vegetable based system (irrigated): Vegetable round the year in uplands. Priority to off-season / high value vegetables. Crops of different families to be taken up in sequence.

(c) Pond based System: Fish / Poultry / Duckery in pond and short term fruits / vegetables on Bonds.

(d) Fruit based System: Fruit crops with suitable inter crops / mixed with short term fruits. Fodder crops can be taken up as inter crop looking to the diary population of the area.

6. Introduction of new high value crops like strawberry, lettuce, broccoli with traditional fruits & vegetables.
7. Rejuvenation of old orchards & canopy management. A series of Front line Demonstrations should be conducted on canopy management at farmers level involving OUAT, ICAR Institutes / KVKs.
8. Popularisation of horticulture tools and implements to reduce drudgery.

9.Involvement of private entrepreneurs for production of vegetable seeds to be encouraged.

10. Plantation crops such as Rubber, Coffee, Tea etc. including Cashew and Coconut are to be encouraged. Clear market linkages should be developed and ancillary industries should be established in the plantation area.
11. Post harvest Management, Value Addition and Marketing linkages with formation of FPOs and federating them for better remuneration.

Government Plans & Schemes for Horticulture Development

Strengthening of School of Horticulture : Rs 20.00 lakhs School of Horticulture, Khurda provides training facilities to the unemployed youths under NHM programme. Besides, it provides institutional in-Services as well as pre-service training to the field staff under Directorate of Horticulture. An amount of Rs 56.00 lakhs is required for construction of new Girls Hostel (32 seats). During 08-09, Rs 17.00 lakhs (Rs12.5 lakh under NHM + Rs 4.5 lakh under State Plan) has been allotted for this. During 2009-10, an amount of Rs 20.00 lakh has been kept in provision for this purpose against the total requirement of Rs 39.00 lakhs for the hostel.

Human resource development:

(1). Exposure Visit to Out side the State: Training and Shows are the important for up-gradation of technical knowledge of the farmers. “Seeing is the believing”, to satisfy the quote it is desirable to send farmers to outside the state on exposure visit for increasing their technical know-how. It is proposed to send 40 farmers outside the state.

(2). Organisation of District level show: Six nos. of District Level Shows will be organized to disseminate the latest knowledge in the field of horticulture and to increase the competitiveness among farmers.

(3). Plantation Training to farmers (50 nos. per group): It has been programmed to impart plantation training to 14 groups with 50 farmers per group to disseminate the technical know-how for taking up a successful plantation.

Organic Farming

The demand for organically produced food items is increasing day by day. There is great demand in the export market also for the organically produced items. To promote organic farming, assistance will be provided to the farmers for construction of vermi compost units.

National Horticulture Mission

Rs 786.87 lakhs The main objectives under National Horticulture Mission are to increase production of suitable fruits in the state thus enhance the economic status of the farmers, promotion of export oriented Agro Based Industries through provision of subsidy on supply of Quality planting materials, Training and Development of market Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE etc. The scheme envisages with a financial assistance from Govt. of India and State Govt. at a ratio of 85:15 basis.

ISOPOM (Oil Palm)

Rs 35.00 lakhs CS – Rs 105.00 lakhs Oil palm is an important commercial crop which needs to be implemented in the state for the Economic Development of rural poor. The scheme envisages Oil Palm plantation as well as its maintenance in the potential pockets of the state with financial assistance from Govt. of India and State Govt. at a ratio of 75:25.

Horticulture Programme in Non-Mission Districts

This programme envisages establishment of new gardens of fruits and flowers in compact areas, organic farming, training activities etc. in the non-mission districts in the pattern of National Horticulture Mission. The programme will be taken up in the 6 districts which are not covered under NHM programme; namely Jharsuguda, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur and Boudh.

Floriculture Development

Floriculture is picking up in the State particularly around the urban centers. It is programmed to provide assistance to farmers for cultivation of flower like Marigold, Gladioli and Rose with a financial outlay of Rs.7.39 lakhs.

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Odisha is a state in eastern India with a population of over 45 million people. The state has a tropical Climate with a hot and humid summer and a cool and dry winter. The Soil in Odisha is mostly alluvial, which is ideal for growing a variety of crops.

The main crops grown in Odisha are rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, and vegetables. Other important crops include sugarcane, tea, coffee, and cashew nuts. Horticulture is the practice of growing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental Plants. In Odisha, horticulture is a major source of EMPLOYMENT and income for many people. The state is home to a number of large and small-scale horticulture farms.

The main fruits grown in Odisha are mango, banana, papaya, pineapple, and jackfruit. Other important fruits include oranges, lemons, limes, and guavas. The main vegetables grown in Odisha are potato, tomato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, and brinjal. Other important vegetables include spinach, beans, peas, and carrots. The main ornamental plants grown in Odisha are roses, marigolds, chrysanthemums, and orchids. Other important ornamental plants include lilies, tulips, and sunflowers.

The Odisha government has established a number of research institutes to promote horticulture in the state. These institutes conduct research on new varieties of crops, pest control, and marketing. The Odisha government has also established a number of horticulture colleges and universities to train people in horticulture. These colleges and universities offer courses in crop production, plant protection, and marketing.

The Odisha government has a number of extension services to provide farmers with information and advice on horticulture. These services include field demonstrations, training programs, and publications. The Odisha government has a number of marketing schemes to help farmers sell their produce. These schemes include market yards, cold storage facilities, and transportation subsidies. The Odisha government has a number of trade schemes to help farmers export their produce. These schemes include export subsidies, market research, and product development.

Horticulture is a major contributor to the economy-of-odisha/”>Economy of Odisha. The sector employs over 2 million people and contributes over 10% to the state’s GDP. Horticulture is also a major source of Foreign Exchange for the state. In 2017-18, the export of horticultural products from Odisha was worth over $1 billion.

The future of horticulture in Odisha is bright. The state has a number of advantages, including a favorable climate, fertile soil, and a large workforce. The government is also committed to promoting the sector. With the right policies and investments, horticulture can play a major role in the development of Odisha.

Here are some of the challenges faced by the horticulture sector in Odisha:

• Low productivity: The productivity of horticulture crops in Odisha is low compared to other states in India. This is due to a number of factors, including poor Irrigation facilities, lack of use of modern agricultural practices, and pests and diseases.
• Inadequate infrastructure: The infrastructure for horticulture in Odisha is inadequate. This includes lack of cold storage facilities, transportation facilities, and marketing facilities.
• Lack of awareness: There is a lack of awareness among farmers about the latest technologies and practices in horticulture. This leads to low productivity and high losses.
• Uncertain market: The market for horticultural products in Odisha is uncertain. This is due to fluctuations in prices, lack of demand, and competition from other states.

Despite these challenges, the horticulture sector in Odisha has the potential to grow significantly. The government has taken a number of steps to promote the sector, including providing subsidies, training farmers, and developing infrastructure. With the right policies and investments, the horticulture sector can play a major role in the development of Odisha.

What is horticulture?

Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants, especially fruits, vegetables, and flowers. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, and trees.

What are the different types of horticulture?

There are many different types of horticulture, including:

• Fruit and vegetable horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of fruits and vegetables.
• Ornamental horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of ornamental plants, such as flowers and shrubs.
• Landscape horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the design and maintenance of landscapes, such as parks and gardens.
• Nursery horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the production and sale of plants.
• Greenhouse horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of plants in greenhouses.

What are the benefits of horticulture?

There are many benefits to horticulture, including:

• It is a healthy activity. Horticulture can help to improve your physical and mental Health.
• It is a rewarding activity. Horticulture can be a very rewarding experience, as you get to see the fruits (and vegetables!) of your labor.
• It is a creative activity. Horticulture can be a very creative outlet, as you can express yourself through the plants that you grow.
• It is a social activity. Horticulture can be a great way to meet new people and make friends.
• It is an educational activity. Horticulture can be a great way to learn about plants and the natural world.

What are the challenges of horticulture?

There are a few challenges to horticulture, including:

• It can be time-consuming. Horticulture can be a very time-consuming activity, as you need to water, fertilize, and weed your plants regularly.
• It can be expensive. Horticulture can be an expensive activity, as you need to purchase plants, soil, and other supplies.
• It can be difficult. Horticulture can be a difficult activity, as you need to know how to care for your plants properly.
• It can be dangerous. Horticulture can be a dangerous activity, as you may be exposed to pesticides and other chemicals.

What are some tips for starting a horticulture business?

If you are interested in starting a horticulture business, here are a few tips:

• Do your research. Before you start any business, it is important to do your research. This includes researching the market, your competition, and the legal requirements for starting a business.
• Create a business plan. A business plan is a document that outlines your business goals, strategies, and how you plan to achieve them.
• Get funding. Unless you are lucky enough to have the Resources to fund your business yourself, you will need to find a way to get funding. This could include taking out a loan, seeking investors, or crowdfunding.
• Market your business. Once you have a business plan and funding, you need to market your business. This includes creating a website, developing a marketing plan, and getting the word out about your business.
• Provide excellent customer service. In any business, customer service is key. This is especially true in horticulture, as customers are often looking for a personal touch.
• Be patient. Starting a business takes time and effort. Don’t expect to be successful overnight. Be patient and persistent, and you will eventually achieve your goals.

1. Which of the following is not a type of horticulture?
   (A) Ornamental horticulture
   (B) Vegetable horticulture
   (C) Fruit horticulture
   (D) Animal Husbandry

2. Which of the following is the most important horticultural crop in Odisha?
   (A) Rice
   (B) Jute
   (C) Oilseeds
   (D) Vegetables

3. Which of the following is the main reason for the decline of horticulture in Odisha?
   (A) Lack of government support
   (B) Lack of skilled labor
   (C) Lack of market access
   (D) All of the above

4. Which of the following is the most important step in improving horticulture in Odisha?
   (A) Increasing government support
   (B) Increasing the number of skilled workers
   (C) Increasing market access
   (D) All of the above

5. Which of the following is the most important goal of horticulture in Odisha?
   (A) To increase the production of horticultural crops
   (B) To improve the quality of horticultural crops
   (C) To increase the profitability of horticulture
   (D) All of the above

6. Which of the following is the most important challenge facing horticulture in Odisha?
   (A) Climate Change
   (B) Pests and diseases
   (C) Market access
   (D) All of the above

7. Which of the following is the most important way to address the challenges facing horticulture in Odisha?
   (A) Investing in research and development
   (B) Investing in infrastructure
   (C) Investing in Human Capital
   (D) All of the above

8. Which of the following is the most important way to promote horticulture in Odisha?
   (A) Increasing awareness of the benefits of horticulture
   (B) Providing training and Education in horticulture
   (C) Providing access to credit and other financial services
   (D) All of the above

9. Which of the following is the most important way to improve the marketing of horticultural products in Odisha?
   (A) Developing new markets
   (B) Improving the quality of horticultural products
   (C) Reducing the cost of production
   (D) All of the above

10. Which of the following is the most important way to improve the profitability of horticulture in Odisha?
    (A) Increasing the production of horticultural crops
    (B) Improving the quality of horticultural crops
    (C) Increasing the market share of horticultural products
    (D) All of the above