Haryana Human Development Index

Human Development Index (HDI)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of Average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.

The index was developed by Mahbub-ul-Haque along with Amartya Sen which is used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in their annual report since 1990.

Its goal was to place people at the centre of the development process in terms of economic debate, policy and advocacy. This report ranks the countries on the basis of the Human Development Index.

Human Development Index for Indian States have also been calculated depending on the data collected from various sources for Indian states.

It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development:

A long and healthy life
Access to knowledge
Decent standard of living

Health (A long and healthy life)

The estimates of life expectancy for 16 major states are obtained from SRS Based Abridged Life Tables 2002-2006. The estimates of inequality have also been derived from the SRS Based Abridged Life Tables, which also provides a profile of mortality across age-intervals for the Indian states.

Education (Access to knowledge)

The mean years of schooling of the adult Population (aged 25 years and above) are estimated using the NSS data on educational status and training in India. The same data source is used to obtain estimate of Atkinson inequality in levels of education. Estimates of school life expectancy are made based on the NSS unit record data on education in India

Income (Decent standard of living)

The HDI uses the estimate of Gross NATIONAL INCOME per capita (PPP US$) for India from the HDR 2010. Per capita income estimates for states are computed using the National Sample Survey (NSS) estimates of per capita personal consumer expenditure for the year 2004-05 assuming that size distribution of income distribution across states is the same as that of NSS consumer expenditure distribution.

HDI used estimates of Atkinson measure of inequality based on the NSS unit record data on per capita consumer expenditure distribution for the year 2004-05 as proxy for corresponding inequality estimate of income.

Human Development Index of the State

Haryana slipped two places down to the ninth spot in 2015 with 2007-08 terms of human development index (HDI) as compared to its seventh position in 1999-2000.

Value of HDI in 2015 was 0.661 and it comes to 9th spot in the country.

Though Haryana’s HDI value improved from 0.501 (1999-2000) to 0.552 (2007-08), the other states performed better during this period.

The paper said that broadly Haryana’s position indicates that state’s expenditure and governance focus needs to be adjusted so as to consistently and rapidly improve its HDI value and its position in the national ranking. This trend contrasts against our ranking in GSDP and PCI.

HDI incorporates the following components and indicators in the state

Standard of living, which refers to control over Resources: This component should ideally be measured by per capita consumption expenditure using the data from the NSS (National Sample Survey) Rounds.

Income data at district level are available for only some states in India. In that case, any one of these proxies can be used: (a) per capita output in agriculture and industries together; (b) per capita bank deposits; and (c) Percentage households having specified assets. For district level HDI, per capita bank deposits have been used as an indicator.

Access to knowledge or educational attainment: This component is measured in terms of (a) adult Literacy rate, and (b) Female literacy rate. These data are available from the population censuses for the states as well as districts of India disaggregated by gender.

Ability to lead a long and healthy life: This component can be measured in terms of: (a) LEB, (b) incidence of disability, and (c) incidence of morbidity (short-term and long-term/chronic). Data for (a) and (b) are available, but that for (c) are not reliable. Data on morbidity are not reliable as the incidence of diseases measured is more dependent on their being reported than on actual incidence. For states where the health Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE is good and/or literacy rates are higher, reporting of morbidity is higher. Its use therefore cannot be recommended. LEB remains as an indicator that can be used. But LEB data are not available for districts. Instead, IMR (Infant Mortality Rate), which has a strong positive correlation with LEB, has been used.

Goals for Indices

Fixing the goal-posts for constructing indices at regional levels is an important exercise. Since our aim is to see the relative Human Development in the districts falling within the Haryana Sub region the goal-posts selected is maximum or minimum values in the series. Four different indicators are used for HDI district level. Hence, for each of these, the goal-posts are separate.

The three indicators and their goal-posts are:

Since district incomes are not available, the indicator used is per capita bank deposits. The goal-posts set are the best performing and the worst performing districts in the sub- region. In 2001, the maximum was Rs. 16,906 in Gurgaon and minimum was Rs. 6787 in Jhajjar district.
For literacy rate, the maximum value is taken as 75.2% (Rewari) and minimum value is taken as 62.9% (Gurgaon). For Female literacy, the maximum is taken as 62.6% (Rhotak) and minimum is taken as 47.8% (Gurgaon)
For Infant Mortality rate, the worst is taken as 77 (Faridabad) and best is taken as 26 (Sonipat).

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher on the HDI if it has a high life expectancy, high educational attainment, and a high level of income.

Haryana is a state in northern India. It is the 10th largest state in India by area and the 17th most populous state. The capital of Haryana is Chandigarh, which is also the joint capital of Punjab.

The HDI for Haryana in 2020 was 0.645, which placed it in the medium human development category. This is an improvement from the HDI of 0.632 in 2010. The HDI for Haryana is higher than the national average of 0.630.

The three components of the HDI for Haryana are life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and expected years of schooling. The life expectancy at birth for Haryana in 2020 was 72.1 years, which is higher than the national average of 70.9 years. The mean years of schooling for Haryana in 2020 was 10.2 years, which is also higher than the national average of 10.0 years. The expected years of schooling for Haryana in 2020 was 12.2 years, which is also higher than the national average of 11.9 years.

The HDI for Haryana has been increasing over time. This is due to improvements in life expectancy, education, and income. The government of Haryana has been working to improve the lives of its citizens by investing in education, healthcare, and infrastructure.

The HDI is a useful tool for measuring the progress of a country. It can be used to identify areas where a country needs to improve. The HDI can also be used to compare the progress of different countries.

The HDI has been criticized for being too simplistic. It does not take into account factors such as inequality, POVERTY, and environmental sustainability. However, the HDI is still a useful tool for measuring the progress of a country.

The HDI for Haryana is a good indicator of the state’s development. The state has made significant progress in recent years, and the HDI is expected to continue to increase in the future.

Here are some frequently asked questions about the Human Development Index (HDI) and short answers:

What is the Human Development Index?
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country’s HDI value is a summary measure of its achievements in key areas of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living.
How is the HDI calculated?
The HDI is calculated as a geometric mean of three indices: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and expected years of schooling, and gross national income per capita adjusted for purchasing power parity.
What are the limitations of the HDI?
The HDI has been criticized for its focus on income and its neglect of other important dimensions of human development, such as Equality/”>Gender Equality, environmental sustainability, and cultural diversity.
What are some of the strengths of the HDI?
The HDI is a simple and widely used measure of human development. It is based on internationally comparable data, and it is updated annually.
What are some of the uses of the HDI?
The HDI is used to track progress in human development over time, to compare human development across countries, and to identify countries that are lagging behind in human development.
What are some of the criticisms of the HDI?
The HDI has been criticized for its focus on income and its neglect of other important dimensions of human development, such as gender equality, environmental sustainability, and cultural diversity. It has also been criticized for its use of a single index to measure complex phenomena.
What are some of the alternatives to the HDI?
There are a number of alternative measures of human development, including the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), the Gender Development Index (GDI), and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).
What is the future of the HDI?
The HDI is likely to continue to be used as a measure of human development, but it is likely to be supplemented by other measures that take into account a wider range of dimensions of human development.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. Which of the following is not one of the indicators used to calculate the HDI?
(A) Life expectancy at birth
(B) Mean years of schooling
(C) Gross national income per capita
(D) Literacy rate
The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990. Which of the following is not one of the goals of the HDI?
(A) To help countries assess their progress in improving human development
(B) To help countries identify areas where they need to improve human development
(C) To help countries compare their human development performance with that of other countries
(D) To help countries set targets for improving human development
The HDI is calculated using a formula that takes into account the following three indicators:
(A) Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and gross national income per capita
(B) Life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, and gross national income per capita
(C) Mean years of schooling, literacy rate, and gross national income per capita
(D) Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and gross national income per capita, adjusted for purchasing power parity
The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring human development, but it has some limitations. Which of the following is not one of the limitations of the HDI?
(A) The HDI does not take into account inequality within countries
(B) The HDI does not take into account non-economic factors such as political freedom and environmental sustainability
(C) The HDI is based on a limited number of indicators
(D) The HDI is calculated using a complex formula that can be difficult to understand
The HDI has been criticized for being too focused on Economic Development. Which of the following is an alternative to the HDI that focuses on non-economic factors?
(A) The Human Poverty Index
(B) The Gender Development Index
(C) The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
(D) The Multidimensional Poverty Index
The Human Poverty Index (HPI) is a composite statistic of poverty, education, and health. Which of the following is not one of the indicators used to calculate the HPI?
(A) Life expectancy at birth
(B) Mean years of schooling
(C) Probability of not surviving to age 40
(D) Proportion of people living below $1.25 per day
The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a composite statistic of gender inequality in life expectancy, education, and income. Which of the following is not one of the indicators used to calculate the GDI?
(A) Life expectancy at birth
(B) Mean years of schooling
(C) Probability of not surviving to age 40
(D) Parity-adjusted gross national income per capita
The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a measure of human development that takes into account inequality within countries. The IHDI is calculated by adjusting the HDI for inequality. Which of the following is not one of the ways in which inequality is measured in the IHDI?
(A) The Gini coefficient
(B) The Human Poverty Index
(C) The Proportion of People Living Below $1.25 per Day
(D) The Variance of Income
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is a measure of poverty that takes into account multiple dimensions of poverty. The MPI is calculated by taking the average of the poverty scores for each of the following dimensions:
(A) Education
(B) Health
(C) Standard of living
(D) All of the above
The MPI is a valuable tool for measuring poverty, but it has some limitations. Which of the following is not one of the limitations of the MPI?
(A) The MPI does not take into account inequality within countries
(B) The MPI does not take into account non-economic factors such as political freedom and environmental sustainability
(C) The MPI is based on a limited number of indicators
(D) The MPI is calculated using a complex formula that can be difficult to understand