Gujrat Human Development Index

Human Development Index (HDI)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of Average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.

The index was developed by Mahbub-ul-Haque along with Amartya Sen which is used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in their annual report since 1990.

Its goal was to place people at the centre of the development process in terms of economic debate, policy and advocacy. This report ranks the countries on the basis of the Human Development Index.

Human Development Index for Indian States have also been calculated depending on the data collected from various sources for Indian states.

It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development:

A long and healthy life
Access to knowledge
Decent standard of living

Health (A long and healthy life)

The estimates of life expectancy for 16 major states are obtained from SRS Based Abridged Life Tables 2002-2006. The estimates of inequality have also been derived from the SRS Based Abridged Life Tables, which also provides a profile of mortality across age-intervals for the Indian states.

Education (Access to knowledge)

The mean years of schooling of the adult Population (aged 25 years and above) are estimated using the NSS data on educational status and training in India. The same data source is used to obtain estimate of Atkinson inequality in levels of education. Estimates of school life expectancy are made based on the NSS unit record data on education in India

Income (Decent standard of living)

The HDI uses the estimate of Gross NATIONAL INCOME per capita (PPP US$) for India from the HDR 2010. Per capita income estimates for states are computed using the National Sample Survey (NSS) estimates of per capita personal consumer expenditure for the year 2004-05 assuming that size distribution of income distribution across states is the same as that of NSS consumer expenditure distribution.

HDI used estimates of Atkinson measure of inequality based on the NSS unit record data on per capita consumer expenditure distribution for the year 2004-05 as proxy for corresponding inequality estimate of income.

Gujrat Human Development Index

HDI value for state of Gujarat in 2015 was 0.616, which places the state in middle income state. It ranks 11th in the Indian states.

Performance of the Social sectors as linked with the wellbeing of the people becomes key to State Human Development.

Gujrat Human Development Focus

The State aims to become a model State on all fronts of Human Development. Every single person in the State, irrespective of gender, caste or creed would:

Be literate and healthy
Have shelter and clean Environment
Have drinking water and sanitation
Be gainfully employed
Be able to live without fear
Have equal opportunities

The strategy of 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17), addressed the economic wellbeing of the people with Human Development Approach. The State Government has given the highest priority for the development of Social Sectors which have direct impact on Human Development by allocating nearly about 47.09 percent of the total outlay to Social Sectors in the year 2016-17.

To address specific issues of the under privileged societies and areas, State Government launched “Flagship Programmes” like Sagarkhedu Sarvangi Vikas Yojana, Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana, Garib Samruddhi Yojana and 49 Developing Talukas. Besides this various “Mission Mode Programmes” like Kanya Kelavani, Gunotsav, Krishi Mahotsav, Nirmal Gujarat, Skill development, Nirogi Bal, Bal Sakha Yojana, Balbhog Yojana, Mamata Abhiyan, e-Mamta, MA, Mukhyamantri Amrutum Vatsalya Yojana, e-MPOWER, Chiranjeevi Yojana, Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra, Mukhyamantri Yuva Swavalamban Yojana etc., are also being implemented to improve Human Development Index.

The Government of Gujarat is endeavoring to achieve the objectives of total Literacy by Strengthening various programmes/ schemes of Primary Education, Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Higher Education and Technical Education. The State Government has started various programmes like”Vidya Deep Insurance”, “Vidya Laxmi Bond”, “Distribution of Cost free Text Book”, “Kanya Kelavani Mahotsav” and “Gunotsav Programme”, “Free bicycles to Girls”, “CM Scholarship Scheme”etc. to improve quality of education.

The State Government has established an autonomous body “Gujarat Social Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE-development/”>Infrastructure Development Society (GSIDS)” to improve the living standard of the people at large. The Society has Governing Body consisting of 10 members. Principal Secretary (Planning), General Administration Department is the Chairperson of GSIDS.

District Human Development Report (DHDR)

GSIDS has undertaken the preparation of District Human development report for all 33 districts in the state.

The District Human Development Report (DHDR) for 8 Districts; i.e. Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, Jamnagar, Dang, Surendranagar, Bharuch, Tapi and Kheda District DHDR reports have been published during the year 2015-16. The DHDR for 10 Districts; i.e. Porbandar, Ahmedabad, Narmada, Navsari, Mahesana, Patan, Kachchh, Surat, Junagadh and Panchmahal District DHDR reports are published during the year 2016-17.

Further DHDR for eight districts; i.e. Vadodara, Dahod, Rajkot, Bhvanagar, Amreli, Gandhinagar, Anand and Valsad District DHDR are planned to be published by the end of the year 2016-17. The District Human Development Report for newly created seven districts are under preparation and will be finalized during the year 2017-18.

Human Development towards Bridging Inequalities (HDBI)

Since 2013, Government of Gujarat (GoG) has been involved with a project initiated by erstwhile Planning Commission-UNDP (presently NITI Aayog), called ‘Human Development: Towards Bridging Inequalities’ (HDBI). A project steering committee under chairmanship of Hon. Principal Secretary (Planning) has been formed.

Moving from DHDR to DHDPs (District Human Development Plans)

On the basis of gap analysis from the DHDRs, focus areas are being identified. Accordingly, District Human Development Plan (DHDP) are being prepared. DHDPs have been finalised for Bharuch, Kheda, Narmada, Navsari, Sabarkantha, Tapi, Mahesana and DHDPs will be finalised by March-2017 for the remaining 26 districts.

In order to encourage institutions to develop and incorporate courses on Human Development in academia, three workshops/seminars were organized at Sardar Patel University-Anand, NICMGandhinagar, and CHARUSAT-Changa in collaboration with Higher and technical Education Department.

District Human Development

District Human Development Profile covers talukawise status of social sectors with 100 indicators comprising Demographics, Health, Education, Livelihood, etc. GSIDS has prepared District Human Development Profile for all the 33 districts of the State.

Taluka Development Plan (TDP)

To encourage the Taluka Centric Approach as well as the bottom of planning process in decentralized district planning, Gujarat has initially decided to prepare Taluka Development Plan (TDP) for one Taluka (33 Talukas) from each district.

Impact Evaluation of Flagship Scheme of Developing Talukas

Impact Evaluation of flagship scheme of Developing Talukas has been undertaken, in order to assess the utilization of funds and achievement of progress in the identified indicators in the respective talukas.

Empanelment of Subject Specialist/ Consultant

Government of Gujarat has empanelled 22 Subject Specialists/ Consultants to initiate Third Party Evaluation studies by various Departments to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of various government schemes and programs.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country’s HDI value is a summary measure of its achievements in key areas of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living. The HDI is used to rank countries and track their progress over time.

The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990. The HDI is based on the following three indicators:

Life expectancy at birth: This indicator measures the average number of years that a newborn is expected to live.
Education: This indicator measures the mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 and older and the expected years of schooling for children of school age.
Per capita income: This indicator measures the gross national income (GNI) per capita, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP).

The HDI is calculated as a geometric mean of the three indicators, with each indicator given equal weight. The HDI ranges from 0 to 1, with a higher value indicating a higher level of human development.

In 2020, the HDI for Gujarat was 0.709, which placed it 21st among the 36 states and union territories of India. Gujarat’s HDI has been increasing steadily over the past few decades, from 0.531 in 1990 to 0.709 in 2020. This increase is due to improvements in all three of the HDI indicators.

Gujarat’s life expectancy at birth has increased from 61.4 years in 1990 to 72.1 years in 2020. This increase is due to improvements in health care and sanitation. Gujarat’s education indicators have also improved significantly. The mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 and older has increased from 5.2 years in 1990 to 10.2 years in 2020. The expected years of schooling for children of school age has increased from 10.2 years in 1990 to 12.2 years in 2020. These improvements are due to the expansion of education facilities and the increase in enrollment rates.

Gujarat’s per capita income has also increased significantly. In 1990, Gujarat’s per capita income was $2,300. In 2020, Gujarat’s per capita income was $7,200. This increase is due to the Growth of the state’s economy.

Gujarat’s HDI is higher than the national average of 0.643. This indicates that Gujarat is a relatively developed state. However, there are still significant disparities in human development within the state. For example, the HDI for the Kutch district is 0.593, while the HDI for the Gandhinagar district is 0.769. These disparities are due to factors such as POVERTY, inequality, and lack of access to education and health care.

The Gujarat government has taken a number of steps to address these disparities. For example, the government has launched a number of programs to improve education and health care in rural areas. The government has also launched a number of programs to promote Economic Development in backward areas.

The HDI is a useful tool for measuring human development. However, it is important to note that the HDI is just one indicator of human development. Other important indicators include poverty, inequality, and access to education and health care.

What is the Human Development Index?

What are the components of the Human Development Index?

The HDI is calculated using three indicators: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and expected years of schooling, and gross national income per capita.

How is the Human Development Index calculated?

The HDI is calculated using the following formula:

HDI = (longevity * education * income) / 3

Where:

longevity = life expectancy at birth
education = mean years of schooling
income = gross national income per capita

What are the limitations of the Human Development Index?

The HDI has been criticized for a number of reasons, including:

It does not take into account inequality within countries.
It does not take into account non-economic factors such as environmental sustainability.
It is based on Averages, which can mask significant differences between different groups within a country.

What are some alternative measures of human development?

Some alternative measures of human development include the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), the Gender Development Index (GDI), and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).

What is the IHDI?

The IHDI is a measure of human development that takes into account inequality within countries. It is calculated by adjusting the HDI for inequality in life expectancy, education, and income.

What is the GDI?

The GDI is a measure of human development that adjusts the HDI for gender inequality. It is calculated by taking the geometric mean of the HDI for men and Women.

What is the MPI?

The MPI is a measure of multidimensional poverty that takes into account multiple deprivations in health, education, and living standards. It is calculated by assigning a score to each person based on the number of deprivations they experience, and then ranking countries based on the average score of their population.

What are some of the challenges to human development?

Some of the challenges to human development include:

Poverty
Hunger
Disease
Lack of education
Gender inequality
Environmental Degradation
Conflict

What are some of the successes in human development?

Some of the successes in human development include:

The decline in extreme poverty
The increase in life expectancy
The increase in literacy rates
The decrease in gender inequality
The increase in access to education and healthcare
The decrease in environmental degradation
The decrease in conflict

What are some of the future challenges to human development?

Some of the future challenges to human development include:

Climate change
Population Growth
Urbanization
Inequality
Conflict
Pandemics

What can be done to address the challenges to human development?

There are a number of things that can be done to address the challenges to human development, including:

Investing in education and healthcare
Reducing poverty and inequality
Promoting Equality/”>Gender Equality
Protecting the environment
Resolving conflict
Building resilience to shocks and stresses

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. Which of the following is not a component of the HDI?
(A) Life expectancy at birth
(B) Mean years of schooling
(C) Expected years of schooling
(D) Gross national income per capita
The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990. The HDI is used to measure the progress of countries towards achieving Sustainable Development. Which of the following is not a goal of sustainable development?
(A) Eradicating poverty and hunger
(B) Promoting gender equality and empowering women
(C) Reducing child mortality
(D) Ensuring environmental sustainability
The HDI has been criticized for being too narrow in its focus and for not taking into account other important factors, such as inequality and social Justice. Which of the following is an example of a criticism of the HDI?
(A) The HDI does not take into account inequality.
(B) The HDI does not take into account social justice.
(C) The HDI is too narrow in its focus.
(D) All of the above.
The HDI has been used to track the progress of countries over time. Which of the following is an example of how the HDI has been used?
(A) The HDI has been used to track the progress of countries towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
(B) The HDI has been used to track the progress of countries towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
(C) The HDI has been used to compare the progress of countries.
(D) All of the above.
The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring the progress of countries towards achieving sustainable development. However, it is important to be aware of the limitations of the HDI. Which of the following is an example of a limitation of the HDI?
(A) The HDI does not take into account inequality.
(B) The HDI does not take into account social justice.
(C) The HDI is too narrow in its focus.
(D) All of the above.