Folk songs of Telangana

Folk songs of Telangana:-

Different Forms of Folk Music in Telangana:-

Diverse forms of Folk songs of Telangana are Oggukatha, Sarada Kala, suvvi paatalu etc.Folk songs of Telangana may be sraamika or labour songs, Women‘s songs, wedding songs, taala bhajans or chekka bhajans, ritualistic songs, moral songs and children’s songs. These songs also include Haridasulu, Gangireddu laata, Pagati vesha gaalu, Komma dasarulu, rokati paatalu (wooden pestle songs), suvvi paatalu (songs while making butter from curd using churning-staff) and Tirugali paatalu (hand-mill songs). Suvvi paatalu is in the form of question-answer between two women e.g. mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. Then, there are songs which are meant to be sung during religious Jatras or processions. Jatras include Sammakka- Sarakka jatara at Eturnaagaaram (Warangal district), Mahankali jataras (during Ashadham in Hyderabad district). Here is one such song –

Kondathalliki jatara seedham – nindu

manasutoo mokkulu eedham kallakapatam

porapochalu vadileese thalli mammu

rachchimchantu raramma.

Folk songs of Telangana are consist of love songs, epic songs, Jangam kathas, Jamidika kathas, Baikani songs etc. In Andhra Pradesh, Burra Kathas are popular.

Music, rhythm and lyrics are given prime importance in folk songs. Villagers sing while working in the field and gain vigour. Some songs are devotional or philosophical too. The Folk songs of Telangana are a mirror to traditions and culture of Telangana. Mothers sing lullaby for their children to put them to sleep. One such song is — Jo Atchutananda jojo mukunda-raara paramaananda Rama Govinda.

Folk songs of Telangana are also sung when villagers desire to pray to their Gods for rains and while ploughing the fields and sowing seeds in order to reap a good harvest. For instance, this folk song is sung while sowing seeds in the field in Telangana –

Seetamma Sreelamulu – siluka rekka poolo

Saarellipovangaa – siluka rekka poolo

Sreelakshmi kondhandaa – siluka rekka poolo

Yemanni lepudu – siluka rekka poolo

Folk music is said to have had an impact on the State hood movement too as it helped people to come together during various cultural events and discussions. Here are brief about some forms of Folk songs of Telangana

Dhoom-Dham:-

The Folk songs of Telangana had left a profound impact on the statehood movement as it played a significant role in the success of the ‘Dhoom-Dham’, a cultural event that was a vital part of the agitations.The two aspects of Telangana culture had played a Catalyst in spreading the movement to every nook and corner of the region as their efficacy in mobilising people for the Telangana armed struggle launched to liberate the region from the clutches of tyrannical Nizam rulers is a proven fact. The impact of the Folk songs of Telangana on the armed struggle and later on the phased movements for statehood was so deep that people of the region still recollect many songs, particularly the popular ones such as “Bandenaka bandi gatti” sung by balladeer Gaddar for Telugu film “Maa Bhoomi”.

Dhoom-Dham coupled with Folk songs of Telangana had brought together people cutting across caste and creed working as a binding factor during the movement. It was the cultural revolution that brought the people of different ideologies, which played a significant role in the movement. From the first ‘Dhoom-Dham’ organised at Kamareddy in 2002, it had become an integral part of the movement. Right from Suddala Hanumanthu, Allam Veeranna, Sahu alias Shanigaram Venkateshwarlu, Nalla Adi Reddy and Gaddar to the present generation singers including Vimalakka, Rasamayi Balkishen and Deshapathi Srinivas, there were thousands of them who engaged the audience with their inspiring voices throughout the movement. The role of singers was unique for the fact that most of them had penned their songs themselves. From repression during the days of armed struggle, the song had catapulted the movement from the handful of activists to masses. The ‘Dhoom-Dham’ has become so popular that all Political Parties now invite folk singers to perform during rallies and electioneering.

“Jaya Jayahe Telangana, Janani Jaya Kethanam”, a song penned by Andesri has unofficially become the State song of Telangana as it has been sung during the morning prayers at most of the educational institutions since 2009.
Another song “Podusthunna Podhumeedha , Nadusthunna Kalama , Veera Telanganama” had become the hot favourite of the people during the Telangana movement.

Bathukamma Folk songs of Telangana:-

Recently Chief Minister K Chandrashekar Rao released a CD in Pragati Bhavan on Sunday containing songs on Bathukamma, prepared by Telangana Jagruthi. The Chief Minister formally released 40 songs rendered by 14 folk singers this year. It may be mentioned here that every year Telangana Jagruthi releases Bathukamma songs that are popular among people and so far, it has released eight CDs in total.

Bathukamma is a colourful and vibrant festival of Telangana and celebrated by women, with flowers that grow exclusively in each region. This festival is a symbol of Telangana’s cultural identity. Bathukamma is celebrated by the women folk of Telangana, heralding the beauty of nature in vibrant colors of multitudinous flowers. The festival begins a week before the grand ‘Saddula Batukamma’ (the grand finale of the Batukamma festival) which falls two days before Dussehra. The women folk normally get back to their parent’s home from their in-laws and breathe the fresh air of freedom to celebrate the colors of flowers. For one complete week, they make small ‘Batukammas’, play around them every evening and immerse them in a nearby water pond. On the last day, the men folk of the house go into the wild plains and gather the flowers like gunuka and tangedi. They bring home bagfuls of these flowers and the entire household sits down to make the big ‘Batukamma’. The flowers are carefully arranged row after row in a brass plate (called taambalam) in circular rows and in alternate colors. As evening approaches the women folk dress colourfully with the best of their attire and adorn lot of ornaments and place the Batukamma in their courtyard. The women of neighborhood also gather in a large circle around it. They start singing songs by circling it repeatedly, building a beautiful human circle of unity, love, sisterhood. After playing in circles around the “Batukammalu”, before the onset of dusk, the women folk carry them on their heads and move as a procession towards a bigger water body near the village or town. The procession is extremely colourful with the decorations of women and the “Batukammalu”. Songs of folklore are sung in chorus throughout the procession and the streets resonate with them. Finally, when they reach the water pond the “Batukammalu” are slowly immersed into water after some more playing and singing. Then they share the ‘maleeda’ (a dessert made with sugar or raw sugar and corn bread) sweets amongst the family members and neighborhood folks. They return to their homes with empty ‘taambaalam’ singing songs in praise of Batukamma. The songs of Batukamma echo in the streets until late night during the entire week. Batukamma celebrates the inherent relationship between earth, water and the human beings. During the entire preceding week, women make ‘boddemma’ (a deity of Gowri – mother Durga – made with earthly mud) along with Batukamma and immerse it in the pond. This helps reinforce the ponds and helps it retain more water. Some Bathhukamma songs are:-

Chitu Chittula Gumma
Yememi Puvappu ne Gauramma, Yememu Kayappune Gauramma
Bathhukamma Bathukamma Uyyalo

Oggukatha:-

A few communities (such as Yadav and Kuruma Golla communities) in Telangana sing songs just like ballads. These may be in praise of Lord Shiva (also known as Mallikarjuna) or their own tribal Gods whom they worship. Oggukatha is a Narration and dramatization of various stories of Gods such as Mallana, Beerappa and Yellamma. Traditional priests among Yadavs who perform marriage of Mallanna with Bhramaramba are known as ‘Oggus’. Oggukatha comprises of a narrator and his chorus who aid in dramatization of lyrics. Oggukatha folk singer groups visit Komrelly Mallanna temple every year.

Sarada Kala:-

The story is narrated in the form of a song/ballad. The stringed instrument folk veena (also called sarada) is used in Sarada Kala.

Sraamika Songs:-

These are actually labour songs sung by various categories of workers – those working in the agricultural field, cart-pullers, industrial workers, stone crushers, construction workers etc. Work becomes a pleasure by singing folk songs and relaxes the tired mind and body. In the fields, men and women are divided into two groups. They sing these melodious folk songs in a group. Here is an example of a folk song sung by labourers working in the agricultural field and invoking the rain God —

Vaanallu kuravaali vaana devudaa –

vari chelu pandaali vaana devudaa.

There are some songs which denounce wrong social customs prevalent in the Society. One such song composed by Annamayya is ‘Tandanana ahi tandanana’ where he has condemned social evils like caste and discrimination on the basis of colour. The lyrics are so simple that they can be easily understood even by illiterate people and serve to enlighten and educate the masses.

Musical instruments used with Folk songs of Telangana:-

Musical instruments may be percussion instruments, wind instruments or stringed ones. Musical instruments used by singers and performers while rendering folk music (always in a group) are folk veena (also known as sarada), tribal flute, metallic cymbals, dholak, tribal shehnai, daph, conch, bells, gummetas, brahma taal, titti, kommu, chirutalu which is a type of kartaal, jamidika, veeranam, andelu, dhamru and ghungroos etc.

Tribes residing in Telangana have their own different festivals and tribal songs. These Folk songs of Telangana help them all to bond together during happiness (marriage and festivals) or in sorrow (death of any member). These singing sessions are a way of entertainment and relaxation too.

The introductory part of a folk song is known as ‘pallavi’ and ‘charanams’ are the continuation of the song content. Charanams may be contrasting in nature. For instance, while singing, men and women form into two separate groups singing in the form of question and answers. One group sends the question while the other group sings to answer the question!

Folk songs of Telangana are based on raagas such as Bouli, Mohana, Bhupala, Neelambari, Janjhuti, Anandabhairavi etc. These songs are based on taalas like Aadi, khanda, eka, misra, rupaka etc. Some more facts about Folks Songs of Telangana:-

Popular composer Anamacharya is believed to have written hundreds of folk songs in Telugu in the 14th century.
Tribes such as Dasari, Jangama, Chenchu, Baind and Kuruva have aided to propagate these folk songs as they keep moving from one place to place being gypsies.
Music composers like Pendyala Nageswara Rao, duo of R.Sudarshanam and R.Goverdhanam have contributed to films based on folklore and other mythological films.

Telangana is a state in southern India. It is home to a rich and diverse culture, and its folk songs are a vibrant part of that heritage. Telangana folk songs are sung in a variety of languages, including Telugu, Kannada, and Marathi. They are often accompanied by traditional instruments such as the veena, the mridangam, and the flute.

Telangana folk songs can be divided into several categories, including devotional songs, narrative songs, marriage songs, and rhythmic songs. Devotional songs are sung in praise of Hindu deities, such as Krishna, Rama, and Durga. Narrative songs tell stories from history or mythology. Marriage songs are sung at weddings, and rhythmic songs are used for dancing.

One of the most popular Telangana folk songs is “Belli.” This song is about a young woman who is waiting for her lover to return from war. The song is full of longing and hope, and it is often sung at weddings and other celebrations.

Another popular Telangana folk song is “Bhagavatam.” This song tells the story of Krishna, one of the most important Hindu deities. The song is full of drama and excitement, and it is often performed at temples and other religious gatherings.

Telangana folk songs are an important part of the state’s culture. They are sung at weddings, festivals, and other special occasions. They are also used to teach children about history and mythology. Telangana folk songs are a vibrant and living tradition, and they continue to be passed down from generation to generation.

Here are some of the most popular Telangana folk songs:

Belli: This song is about a young woman who is waiting for her lover to return from war. The song is full of longing and hope, and it is often sung at weddings and other celebrations.
Bhagavatam: This song tells the story of Krishna, one of the most important Hindu deities. The song is full of drama and excitement, and it is often performed at temples and other religious gatherings.
Bhogi: This song is about the festival of Bhogi, which is celebrated in Telangana every year. The song is full of joy and excitement, and it is often sung at the beginning of the festival.
Burra Katha: This song is about a brave warrior who fights against evil. The song is full of action and adventure, and it is often sung to children.
Chhattisai: This song is about the goddess Lakshmi, who is the goddess of wealth and prosperity. The song is full of devotion and praise, and it is often sung at temples and other religious gatherings.
Devotional Songs: Telangana folk songs are often devotional in nature, and they are sung in praise of Hindu deities. Some of the most popular devotional songs include “Belli,” “Bhagavatam,” and “Chhattisai.”
Dumki: This song is about a farmer who is working in his field. The song is full of hard work and determination, and it is often sung by farmers while they are working.
Ghatam: This song is about a potter who is making pots. The song is full of creativity and skill, and it is often sung by potters while they are working.
Jati Nataka: This song is about a traditional dance that is performed in Telangana. The song is full of energy and excitement, and it is often performed at weddings and other celebrations.
Kotha Bommalu: This song is about a young girl who is playing with her dolls. The song is full of joy and innocence, and it is often sung by children.
Lavani: This song is a type of folk song that is popular in Telangana. The song is full of passion and emotion, and it is often sung at weddings and other celebrations.
Marriage Songs: Telangana folk songs are often sung at weddings. Some of the most popular marriage songs include “Belli,” “Bhagavatam,” and “Chhattisai.”
Narrative Songs: Telangana folk songs are often narrative in nature, and they tell stories from history or mythology. Some of the most popular narrative songs include “Belli,” “Bhagavatam,” and “Chhattisai.”
Pallekulika: This song is about a young girl who is working in the fields. The song is full of hard work and determination, and it is often sung by girls while they are working.
Pedda Bommalu: This song is about a young boy who is playing with his friends. The song is full of joy and innocence, and it is often sung by children.
Pilla Yanadi: This song is about a young boy who is lost in the forest. The song is full of fear and suspense, and it is often sung to children.
**Pongal

Here are some frequently asked questions about folk songs:

What is a folk song?
A folk song is a traditional song that is passed down orally from generation to generation. Folk songs are often associated with a particular region or culture, and they can be about a variety of topics, such as love, work, or nature.
What are some characteristics of folk songs?
Folk songs are typically simple in melody and structure, and they often use repetitive lyrics. They are often sung in a call-and-response style, and they may be accompanied by instruments such as the fiddle, banjo, or guitar.
What are some examples of folk songs?
Some well-known folk songs include “John Henry,” “Amazing Grace,” and “The Ballad of John Brown.”
What is the history of folk music?
Folk music has been around for centuries, and it is thought to have originated in ancient times. Folk music was originally passed down orally, and it was not until the invention of the printing press that folk songs began to be written down.
What is the role of folk music in society?
Folk music has played an important role in many cultures throughout history. It has been used to tell stories, to pass down traditions, and to celebrate important events. Folk music can also be a powerful tool for Social Change.
What are some of the benefits of listening to folk music?
Listening to folk music can provide a sense of connection to one’s culture and heritage. It can also be a way to learn about different cultures and traditions. Folk music can also be a source of comfort and inspiration.
Where can I find folk music?
Folk music can be found in a variety of places, including libraries, museums, and online. There are also many folk music festivals that take place around the world.
How can I learn more about folk music?
There are many Resources available for Learning more about folk music. There are books, websites, and even online courses that can teach you about the history, characteristics, and role of folk music in society. You can also attend folk music festivals or concerts to experience folk music firsthand.

Here are some MCQs about folk songs:

Which of the following is not a type of folk song?
(a) Ballad
(b) Lullaby
(c) Rap
(d) Work song
Which of the following is not a characteristic of folk songs?
(a) They are passed down orally.
(b) They are often anonymous.
(c) They are usually simple in melody and structure.
(d) They are often about love, work, or religion.
Which of the following is not a traditional folk instrument?
(a) The fiddle
(b) The banjo
(c) The guitar
(d) The synthesizer
Which of the following is not a traditional folk dance?
(a) The square dance
(b) The waltz
(c) The polka
(d) The breakdance
Which of the following is not a traditional folk festival?
(a) The May Day festival
(b) The Halloween festival
(c) The Christmas festival
(d) The Burning Man festival
Which of the following is not a traditional folk food?
(a) Bread
(b) Soup
(c) Pizza
(d) Sushi
Which of the following is not a traditional folk drink?
(a) Water
(b) Beer
(c) Wine
(d) Coca-Cola
Which of the following is not a traditional folk costume?
(a) The kimono
(b) The kilt
(c) The sari
(d) The bikini
Which of the following is not a traditional folk art?
(a) Painting
(b) Sculpture
(c) Architecture
(d) Video games
Which of the following is not a traditional folk craft?
(a) Pottery
(b) Weaving
(c) Glassblowing
(d) Computer programming

I hope these MCQs were helpful!