Fishing of Bihar
Fish farming is an important and fast growing sector in Bihar. The economy of Bihar is mainly dependent on agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries-2/”>Fisheries. Fisheries and aquaculture sector play a key role in Food Security and EMPLOYMENT generation as significant proportion of Population depend upon fisheries, aquaculture and allied activities for their livelihood sustenance and income. Besides, the sector also generates precious revenue for the State. The importance of fisheries sector to the State economy has increased particularly after the creation of Jharkhand as a separate State. The State has two distinct land masses on either side of the holy River Ganga and is divided into 38 administrative districts, 21 in North Bihar and 17 in South Bihar. Bihar, lying in the heart of Gangetic plain, is blessed with fertile land Resources though extreme hot and cold climatic conditions along with flood and drought situations are characteristic part of the geography.
The city is one of the best fishing grounds in India. The spawn of rehu, cattla and hilsa is collected from the river Ganges, which is demand in other part of Bihar and West Bengal. The fishing season begins in October, and the peak months are in December, January and February, when a variety if fish can be seen in the fish market. There are a large number of rivers & streams, ponds and low-lying fields in the district where water accumulates in the rainy season and these have considerable potential for development of fishery. The Fisheries Development Schemes of the district are managed by the district Fisheries office located in Patna under the administrative control of the Director of Fisheries, Government of Bihar
The northeast part of Bihar has a long stretch of flood plains in Gandak and Kosi basins. A series of shallow lakes locally known as chaurs exist in these areas to the tune of about 46000 ha. These water bodies support a rich Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity, but are biologically sensitive and fragile in nature. They are also the repositories of variety of freshwater food and ornamental fishes.
The state has immense natural aquatic resources in the forms of ponds and tanks where quality fish seed are required for good fish production.
Aquaculture and culture-based fisheries are the Options for enhancing the productivity of more amenable waters such as ponds and the lakes with immediate results. In Bihar, fish culture is largely undertaken in waters given on lease basis and practised by fishers who were basically catching fish from rivers and lakes. In view of the fact that more and more agri-farmers are taking to aquaculture in the recent years, capacity building is critical for adoption of practices in a scientific manner.
Fishery Segments
In fishery farmer can work in three verticals based on their capacities. These primarily involve the routine functions to be performed everyday with utmost concentration and focus.
Seed Production: It implies developing the fish spawn in 72 hours. This is the first stage of the fish seed. After the egg is released from the female fish, then it is nurtured for 60 to 72 hours, later it hatches into spawn. The entire process of developing fish spawn is referred as seed production. The seed is sold at Rs. 1000-1500 per one lakh. It is the cheapest sale in the fish business.
Seed Rearing: The fish spawn (seed) is then reared to fish fry and later to fish fingerlings. These two development stages of the fish are done in seed rearing unit. Technically it can be further explained as rearing of 72 hours fish seed into 30 days old fish fry and again rear it for next one to two month till it grows as fish fingerlings.
Fish Cultivation: In this stage the fish fingerlings are raised for 5-9 months till they gain the weight between 1-2 kg for the table feed to be sold in the market. This stage is profitable provided the farmer has identified good source for procuring fish fingerlings as well as end sales of table fish.
Farmer can set up all two that is seed production and seed rearing simultaneously and together it is called as a complete hatchery project. Usually if the spawns are not sold then the farmer nurses the fish spawns into fish fry and subsequently to fish fingerlings then fish adults. It is gainful in every stage.
Ancillary Activities in Fishery
Value Addition: There are 32 types of fish by- products that can be developed from fish. Farmers would need to take special training for the same but it is also a good business endeavour. It gives immense room for innovation as everyone likes novel and tasty food items. Ornamental culture units and installing ornamental fish showrooms are the few ancillary activities that a farmer can also look for diversification and expansion. There are many more similar activities.
Feed
The fish feed can either be prepared in-house or bought from the market. However the result certainly varies. The protein rich fish feed manufactured and supplied by the companies’ gives very good performance. Weight gain in fish is quite effective with these feed but surely it is expensive. If the farmer can invest in these feed then he must consider because it is gainful for sure. I have recorded 3-5 gm Growth in fish in one day with these feed. It is not an exaggeration instead a proved record that one Bihar based farmer got two harvest in the period of one harvest using concentrate fish feed.
Problems
Farmers always miss on the institutional credits and fishery is highly capital intensive business. It is extremely promising but it lacks the required support. Money is needed on the day one to get into fishery but unfortunately it is tremendously difficult to get the bank loan for aquaculture. If the fish farm is canal fed then farmer struggles with water and electricity tribulation too. Yet fish farming is recommended because problems and challenges are part and parcel of every business undertaking.
Bihar is bestowed with vast and varied inland aquatic resources. The paradox of fisheries development in Bihar is that while it has large, untapped and underutilized Water Resources for aquaculture. Despite being the fourth highest inland producing state in the country, it has to depend on Andhra Pradesh for the supply of about 1.5 lakh tonnes of fish. The annual domestic demand of fish within the state is nearly 5.82 lakh tonnes, against the present annual production of around 4.32 lakh tones only. The annual per capita fish availability of the state is 7.56 kg per head while the national Average is 9 kg per head. The average fish production from the available water resources of the state is 2600 kg / ha. per year against the national average of 2900 kg/ ha./year. The underutilization of aquaculture resources, unscientific management of water bodies and lack of Entrepreneurship are some of the most obvious reasons for the substantial gap between demand and supply.
The major challenge therefore, is to develop aquatic resources for maximum sustainable fish yield to bridge the gap of demand and supply and to enhance the nutritive and livelihood security of fish farmers. Bihar is a land-locked state with an agrarian economy. It is endowed with vast and varied fisheries and aquaculture resources viz rivers, canal, reservoirs, ox-bow-lakes, flood plains (chaurs) and ponds. Fisheries are an age-old traditional occupation deeply associated with the economical and rural socio-cultural system of the state. Fish surplus state where fisheries contribute in rural livelihood, food security and integrated economy development.
Development and management of fisheries and aquaculture resources for three fold increase in fish production. Creating additional livelihoods to fishers and farming households, ensuring nutritional security and economic growth of the state with due considerations to environmental well-beings and gender concerns.
Strategy
- Transforming traditional aquaculture to modern aquaculture by mainstreaming best practices based on Sound scientific principles and visible farmers participated result demonstrations
- Diversification of aquaculture with due consideration to farmers’ capacity, needs and local conditions • Initiation of ornamental fish culture and recreational fisheries.
- Development of ox-bow lake fisheries through enhancement and better management practices.
- Bringing unutilised fisheries resources, such as chaurs (flood- plain fisheries) into the fold of priority development initiative.
- Establishment of robust and reliable Database encompassing resources, outputs and field practices to support quality of planning and implementation.
- Introduction of monitoring, evaluation and technical backstopping system to ensure transparent implementation of state and centrally sponsored schemes/ programmes.
- Creating a participatory Learning Environment and motivating farmers to work on innovative mode.
- Establishing Network of professionally managed hygienic and modern retail outlets at district headquarters and state capital by involving fisheries professionals and developing their entrepreneurship skills.
- Ensuring round the year availability of quality seed at local level by establishing hatcheries in potential areas and promotion of in-situ seed rearing by farmers in their vicinity. Encouraging fisheries professional graduates to participate in this developmental programs.
Schemes
- Construction of fish seed hatchery.
- Construction of Pens.
- Construction of new ponds.
- Establishment of Fish Feed Mills.
- Fish feed distribution scheme.
- Establishment of Market Outlet (Wholesale and Retail fish sale markets)
- Cold storage -cum ice plant at District level.
- Establishment cold chain (Procurement of live fish carriers, refrigerated vans and refrigerated – van-cum-cash counter)
- Strengthening of database or system
- Mobile extension van equipped with audio visual aid at Divisional level.
- Publication of training / extension manuals, bulletins and audio visual materials.
- Assured solar water pump with borewell.
- Establishment of Disease diagnostic lab.
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Fishing in Bihar has a long and rich history. The first evidence of fishing in the region dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished from around 2600 to 1900 BC. Excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro have revealed fishhooks, fish bones, and even a fishing net made from reeds.
Fishing continued to be an important part of the economy and culture of Bihar throughout the centuries. The Mauryan Empire, which ruled over much of India from the 4th to the 2nd centuries BC, was known for its extensive system of canals and reservoirs, which were used for Irrigation and fish farming. The Gupta Empire, which ruled from the 4th to the 6th centuries AD, was also a major center of fishing.
In the 16th century, the Mughal Empire conquered Bihar. The Mughals were not as interested in fishing as the previous empires had been, but they did continue to build canals and reservoirs. The British East India Company took control of Bihar in the 18th century. The British were interested in commercial fishing, and they built several large fisheries in the region.
After India gained independence in 1947, Bihar became a state in the new Indian republic. The government of India has since taken steps to promote and regulate fishing in Bihar. The Department of Fisheries is responsible for issuing licenses to fishermen, setting catch limits, and enforcing fishing regulations.
There are many different types of fish found in the rivers and lakes of Bihar. Some of the most common species include carp, catfish, tilapia, and rohu. These fish are caught using a variety of methods, including nets, traps, and lines.
Fishing is an important source of food and income for many people in Bihar. It is estimated that there are over 1 million fishermen in the state. Fishing also plays a role in the tourism Industry. There are several fishing resorts and hotels in Bihar that cater to anglers from all over the world.
The government of Bihar is committed to sustainable fisheries management. The Department of Fisheries has developed a number of programs to promote responsible fishing practices. These programs include Education and awareness campaigns, as well as financial assistance for fishermen who adopt sustainable practices.
The future of fishing in Bihar looks bright. The state has a wealth of Natural Resources, and the government is committed to sustainable fisheries management. With continued effort, Bihar can become a leading center of fishing in India.
Here are some of the challenges facing fishing in Bihar:
- Overfishing: The number of fish in the rivers and lakes of Bihar is declining due to overfishing. This is a serious problem, as it threatens the livelihoods of fishermen and the food security of the state.
- Pollution: The rivers and lakes of Bihar are polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural runoff. This pollution is killing fish and making it difficult for fishermen to catch them.
- Climate change: Climate Change is causing the water levels in the rivers and lakes of Bihar to fluctuate. This is making it difficult for fishermen to predict where the fish will be, and it is also making the fish more vulnerable to disease.
Despite these challenges, there are also many opportunities for fishing in Bihar. The state has a wealth of natural resources, and the government is committed to sustainable fisheries management. With continued effort, Bihar can become a leading center of fishing in India.
Here are some of the opportunities for fishing in Bihar:
- Tourism: There are several fishing resorts and hotels in Bihar that cater to anglers from all over the world. This is a growing industry, and it has the potential to create jobs and boost the economy of the state.
- Aquaculture: Aquaculture is the farming of fish. This is a growing industry in India, and Bihar has the potential to become a major player in this sector.
- Research: The government of Bihar is committed to research on fisheries management. This research will help to ensure that the fisheries of Bihar are sustainable in the long term.
The future of fishing in Bihar looks bright. The state has a wealth of natural resources, and the government is committed to sustainable fisheries management. With continued effort, Bihar can become a leading center of fishing in India.
Here are some frequently asked questions about fishing:
What is fishing?
Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. It is usually done by using a fishing rod and line, but can also be done by using nets, traps, or other methods.What are the different types of fishing?
There are many different types of fishing, but some of the most common include:- Freshwater fishing: This type of fishing is done in lakes, rivers, and streams.
- Saltwater fishing: This type of fishing is done in the ocean.
- Fly fishing: This type of fishing is done with a special type of rod and line that uses artificial flies as bait.
- Ice fishing: This type of fishing is done through a hole in the ice on a frozen lake or river.
What are the different types of fish?
There are over 32,000 different species of fish in the world. Some of the most common types of fish include:- Bass: Bass are a type of freshwater fish that are popular for sport fishing.
- Trout: Trout are a type of freshwater fish that are popular for both sport fishing and eating.
- Salmon: Salmon are a type of anadromous fish, which means they live in the ocean but return to freshwater to spawn.
- Catfish: Catfish are a type of freshwater fish that are often considered to be a nuisance, but can also be good eating.
- Shrimp: Shrimp are a type of shellfish that are popular for both sport fishing and eating.
What are the different fishing techniques?
There are many different fishing techniques, but some of the most common include:- Casting: This is the most common type of fishing technique. It involves casting a fishing line into the water and then reeling it in.
- Trolling: This type of fishing involves slowly dragging a fishing line behind a boat.
- Bait fishing: This type of fishing involves using bait to attract fish.
- Fly fishing: This type of fishing involves using artificial flies as bait.
What are the different fishing regulations?
Fishing regulations vary depending on the location, but some common regulations include:- Size limits: There are often size limits on the fish that can be caught.
- Bag limits: There are often bag limits on the number of fish that can be caught.
- Seasonal closures: There are often seasonal closures on certain types of fish.
- Gear restrictions: There are often gear restrictions on the type of equipment that can be used.
What are the different fishing hazards?
There are a few different fishing hazards, but some of the most common include:- Slipping and falling: This is a common hazard when fishing from a boat or pier.
- Wounds from fishhooks: This is a common hazard when fishing with bait.
- Electric shock: This is a hazard when fishing near power lines.
- Drowning: This is a hazard when fishing in deep water.
What are the different fishing safety tips?
There are a few different fishing safety tips, but some of the most important include:- Wear a life jacket: This is especially important when fishing in deep water.
- Be aware of your surroundings: This includes being aware of other boats, power lines, and other hazards.
- Use proper safety gear: This includes using a fishing rod and line that is appropriate for the type of fish you are trying to catch.
- Be careful when handling fishhooks: Fishhooks can be very sharp and can easily cause injuries.
- Dispose of fish waste properly: Fish waste can pollute the water and harm fish populations.
I hope this information is helpful. Please let me know if you have any other questions.
Question 1
Which of the following is not a type of fishing?
(A) Freshwater fishing
(B) Saltwater fishing
(C) Fly fishing
(D) Fishing in Bihar
Answer
(D)
Question 2
What is the most common type of fish caught in the world?
(A) Salmon
(B) Tuna
(C) Carp
(D) Tilapia
Answer
(C)
Question 3
What is the largest fish in the world?
(A) Whale shark
(B) Basking shark
(C) Great white shark
(D) Blue whale
Answer
(D)
Question 4
What is the smallest fish in the world?
(A) Paedocypris progenetica
(B) Schindleria brevipinguis
(C) Trimmatom nanus
(D) Pandaka pygmaea
Answer
(A)
Question 5
What is the most expensive fish in the world?
(A) Koi
(B) Arowana
(C) Arapaima
(D) Chinese paddlefish
Answer
(A)
Question 6
What is the most popular fish to eat in the world?
(A) Salmon
(B) Tuna
(C) Carp
(D) Tilapia
Answer
(A)
Question 7
What is the most common way to catch fish?
(A) Fishing rod and reel
(B) Net
(C) Trap
(D) Spear
Answer
(A)
Question 8
What is the most common type of fishing lure?
(A) Spinnerbait
(B) Crankbait
(C) Jig
(D) Worm
Answer
(A)
Question 9
What is the most common type of fishing line?
(A) Monofilament
(B) Fluorocarbon
(C) Braided
(D) Hybrid
Answer
(A)
Question 10
What is the most common type of fishing hook?
(A) J hook
(B) Circle hook
(C) Octopus hook
(D) Baitholder hook
Answer
(A)