Fisheries

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  • Fisheries:
  • ‘Fisheries’ sector is becoming a subsector of Primary Sector with consistently increasing contribution to the state economy. The State Government envisages development in fisheries sector with a multi pronged strategy with essential focus on increasing fish production and thereby ensure Sustainable Development. Development of fisheries through effective value chain and boosting exports, government is committed to invest to create Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE, promote welfare of fishermen and set up institutions to build skills.
  • Growth enabler and EMPLOYMENT Generator :
  • Fisheries, occupies an important place in the Socioeconomic development of sunrise Andhra Pradesh State. As one of the vibrant sub-sectors of the Primary Sector, Fisheries is identified as one of the growth engines for achieving Double Digit Growth. It is a significant employment generator and a source of proteinous food and Foreign Exchange earner for the State. AP ranks 1st in total fish and shrimp production and contributes more than 70% of cultured shrimp produced in the country. AP is the largest shrimp exporter in the country. AP is contributing 1.18% of global and about 21% of national fish production (2014-15).
  • Fisheries sector is supporting employment to 14.5 lakh persons and contributing significantly to the State’s economy. The state government has initiated plans to make Andhra Pradesh the ‘Aqua Hub’ of the World. The A.P. Fisheries Policy, 2015 envisages 42 lakh tonnes of fish production with GVA of Rs.80,000crore by 2019-20 Sustainable development of Fisheries can only be achieved through improvement of the quality inputs, technical skills and management of human resource in the Sector.
  • The broad development Vision envisages to:
  • Promote “Blue Revolution” through a multipronged approach and introduction of alternate species.
  • Develop a policy framework for allotment of marine areas and large reservoirs for cage culture through fi shermen cooperatives/private participation or by consortium.
  • Establish SPF Brood Stock Multiplication centres and aquatic quarantine centres for L.vannamei for production and supply of SPF brood stock to hatcheries to supply quality seed.
  • Examine opportunities for reduction of cost of production of fi sh/shrimp in areas of power, feed and others.
  • To establish and manage more fi shing harbours and fi sh landing centres at all feasible coastal villages.
  • Build better skills for Women for more productive role in fi sheries sector through Matsya Mithra Groups/ Fisherwomen Cooperative Societies in fi sh Marketing and fi sh processing.
  • Create and enabling policy Environment brining about necessary legislations and policy guidelines.

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    • Fish Production :
    • 49 lakh tonnes of fi sh and prawn are produced in the state in 2017-18 (upto December 2017) as against the target of 33.84 lakh tonnes. The Fisheries sector contributes 7.74% to the GVA as per advance estimates of 2017-18. 27.66 lakh tonnes Fish and Prawn production was achieved in the year 2016-17 Production of fi sh /prawn in the state has increased from 17.69 lakh tonnes in 2013-14 to 27.66 lakh tonnes in 2016- 17 and by upto Dec, 2017 to 27.49 lakh tonnes registering double digit growth rate on year to year basis from 2012- 13 to 2016-17. This became possible because of the Entrepreneurship skills of farmers, implementation of better management practices, proactive role of government and timely interventions of the Department.
    • Registration of Aquaculture:
    • As per the Government of India Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act and rules 2005, land within a distance of two kilometers from high tide line (HTL) of seas, rivers, creeks, and back waters comes under the purview of Coastal Aquaculture Authority (CAA). The District Level Committee (DLC) has recommended applications for farms above 2 ha. water spread area, to State Level Committee for further recommendation to CAA for consideration of registrations. As of now, CAA has issued registrations of certifi cates to 25288 ha of 19,300 farmers in 9 coastal districts.
    • Important schemes and programmes :
    • Relief to Marine fishermen during ban period Every year, fishing in the marine waters is banned from April 15th to June 14th (61 days) under MFR Act as a conservation of fishery wealth in the sea and also for promoting responsible fisheries. During ban period, the crew members of the mechanized and motorized fishing boats are provided relief @Rs.4000/- to each crew member by Direct Cash Transfer. About 77500 fishermen are covered during 2017-18.
    • Dissemination of cyclone warning and PFZ information to coastal fishers:
    • The Department has developed strong Communication Network and disseminating the cyclone warnings through voice message with the support of M/s Reliance Foundation to all coastal fishers. The Department with the support of INCOIS is also communicating Potential Fishery Zone Information through voice messages and Digital Display Boards in the coastal Districts.
    • Promotion of Deep Sea Fishing :
    • The objective of the scheme is to promote deep sea fishing particularly Tuna fishery, which is under-exploited and scope for potential catches through mechanized and motorized boats. Tuna long lines and gill nets are providing on 50% subsidy on the unit cost of Rs.4.00 lakhs and Rs.1.00 lakh respectively
    • Supply of Sea Safety and Navigational Equipment :
    • Sea Safety and Navigational equipment like Life Jackets, Life buoys, G.P.S., Echo sounder, VHF Sets and DATs are provided on 75% Subsidy for all categories of sea going fishing vessels so as to promote safety at sea for fishers and facilitate to catch more fi sh with the aid of navigational equipment.
    • Establishment of Infrastructure facilities to Marine Fishermen :
    • Marine infrastructure facilities like fishing harbours, fish landing centers, dry platforms, additional shore based facilities, markets, are provided to Marine Fishermen community for promoting hygienic handling of fish and shrimp and to reduce postharvest fishery losses.
    • Training and Capacity Building to fishers:
    • Various training programmes, awareness camps, exhibitions are being conducted regularly with technical support of State Institute of Fisheries Technology (SIFT).
    • Fisheries Development schemes :
    • The important sub schemes under this scheme are: establishment of BMCs, AQFs Hatcheries for Sea-bass and Mud crab undertaking survey and preparation of DPRs for establishment of new Fishing Harbours, Fish landing centers all along the coast, mechanization of aquaculture, supply of boats, nets, motors / engines to marine and inland fishers etc.,
    • Blue Revolution:
    • Integrated Development and Management of Fisheries” is a scheme in which all the sectors of fisheries – inland, marine, welfare, postharvest fisheries etc., are covered. GOI assistance is 24% to general and 36% to SC/ ST benefi ciaries of the unit / project cost. GoI sanctioned Rs.18.00 crores during 2017-18 to the State.
    • Schemes under RKVY Under RKVY :
    • 2017-18, Rs.19.66 crores was sanctioned for fisheries sector in the state. The schemes implemented under RKVY are establishment of AQF, BMC for P.vannamei prawn, Mudcrab and Seabass hatcheries fi sh brood banks at Kovvali, (West Godavari district) and Sunkesula, (Kurnool district).
    • Initiatives taken by department for development of fisheries:
    • Disease surveillance was taken up in the identifi ed 181 Aqua clusters in 9 coastal districts covering 1248 villages to identify various shrimp/fi sh diseases to mitigate the situation by initiating timely remedial measures.
    • Constituted Apex Committee & Task Force Committee to conduct studies on the usage of various antibiotics, unwanted chemicals/drugs feed additives and other aqua inputs in the Aqua farming sector for recommending a comprehensive action plan to be taken in view of the alerts issued by the EU on detection of banned antibiotics residues in the shrimp exports from the state.
    • Desilting and de-weeding of the 56 identifi ed drains and creeks through Water Resources Department for free fl ow of fresh water to the aquaculture ponds.
    • DPRs are prepared for new fi shing harbours at Juvaladinne, (Nellore district), Vodarevu, (Prakasam district) Uppada, (East Godavari district) and Phase-II Development at Nizampatnam, (Guntur district), and Machilipatnam, (Krishna district) with an estimated cost of Rs.1533.62 crores.
    • Chandranna Bima:
    • Chandranna Bima is being implemented by the Government to cover insurance facility for the people in unorganized sector including fi shermen, with a nominal premium. The coverage includes missing fishermen also. The sum assured is Rs.5.00 Lakhs. 1.58 lakh fi shers are covered under this scheme.

     

    • Organization of Fishermen Cooperative Societies :
    • The Government has given great importance to cooperative societies in fi sheries sector to empower fishermen to manage Water Resources. As a policy, tanks are given on nominal lease to these cooperative societies for exploitation of fi shery wealth and also provided assistance for inputs like fi sh seed stocking, feed, boats and nets on subsidy. While so far 2.61 lakh fi shermen have been organized into societies, a large number of fi shermen still remain to be brought under the fold. This is a continuous process and wherever fi shermen are coming forward to form cooperative societies, they are being registered.

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    Fisheries are the activities, practices and industries concerned with the catching, processing, preserving, transporting, marketing and selling of fish and other aquatic animals. Fisheries are an important part of the global economy, providing food, jobs and income for millions of people.

    There are two main types of fisheries: capture fisheries and aquaculture. Capture fisheries involve catching fish from the wild, while aquaculture involves raising fish in farms. Capture fisheries are the oldest type of fishery, and they still account for the majority of the world’s fish catch. However, aquaculture is growing rapidly, and it is now estimated that aquaculture produces more than half of the world’s fish for human consumption.

    Fisheries management is the process of ensuring that fisheries are sustainable. This involves setting catch limits, protecting fish habitats and managing fisheries in a way that does not harm the environment. Fisheries management is a complex and challenging task, but it is essential to ensure that fisheries can continue to provide food and livelihoods for future generations.

    Fisheries science is the field of science that studies fish and fisheries. Fisheries scientists study the biology of fish, the ECOLOGY of fish populations, and the impacts of fisheries on the environment. Fisheries scientists use their knowledge to help manage fisheries in a sustainable way.

    Fish processing is the process of preparing fish for human consumption. This involves cleaning, filleting, freezing, canning and smoking fish. Fish processing is an important Industry, and it employs millions of people around the world.

    Fish marketing is the process of selling fish to consumers. This involves promoting fish, developing new products, and distributing fish to retailers. Fish marketing is a competitive industry, and it is important for fish marketers to understand the needs of consumers.

    Fish trade is the international exchange of fish and fish products. Fish trade is a multi-billion dollar industry, and it is an important part of the global economy. Fish trade can have a significant impact on fish stocks, and it is important to manage fish trade in a sustainable way.

    Fish welfare is the study of the well-being of fish. Fish welfare scientists study the behavior, physiology and Health of fish. They use their knowledge to develop methods for raising fish in a way that minimizes Stress and suffering.

    Invasive species are species that are not native to an area and that can cause harm to the environment or to human health. Invasive species can be introduced to an area through a variety of means, including shipping, aquaculture and tourism. Invasive species can have a significant impact on fish populations, and they can be difficult to control.

    Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are areas of the ocean that are set aside for conservation. MPAs can be used to protect fish populations, coral reefs and other marine Ecosystems. MPAs are an important tool for managing fisheries and for protecting the marine environment.

    Overfishing is the harvesting of fish at a rate that is greater than the rate at which fish can reproduce. Overfishing can lead to the collapse of fish stocks, and it can have a devastating impact on the marine ecosystem. Overfishing is a major threat to global fisheries, and it is essential to take steps to reduce overfishing.

    Pollution is the contamination of the environment with harmful substances. Pollution can come from a variety of sources, including industrial waste, agricultural runoff and sewage. Pollution can have a significant impact on fish populations, and it can make fish unsafe to eat.

    Sustainable fisheries are fisheries that are managed in a way that does not harm the environment or fish stocks. Sustainable fisheries can provide food and livelihoods for future generations.

    Transboundary fisheries are fisheries that occur in areas that are shared by two or more countries. Transboundary fisheries can be difficult to manage, and they can be a source of conflict between countries.

    The World Fisheries Congress is a biennial conference that brings together scientists, policymakers, industry representatives and other stakeholders to discuss issues related to fisheries. The World Fisheries Congress is an important forum for sharing information and for developing solutions to the challenges facing global fisheries.

    What is the difference between a fish and a marine mammal?

    Fish are aquatic animals that have gills and fins, while marine mammals are aquatic animals that have lungs and fur or hair. Fish breathe underwater by taking in Oxygen from the water through their gills. Marine mammals breathe air by taking it in through their lungs. Fish typically have scales, while marine mammals typically have fur or hair. Fish lay eggs, while marine mammals give birth to live young.

    What are the different types of fish?

    There are over 32,000 species of fish in the world. They can be divided into two main groups: bony fish and cartilaginous fish. Bony fish have skeletons made of bone, while cartilaginous fish have skeletons made of cartilage. Bony fish are the most common type of fish, and they include species such as salmon, tuna, and cod. Cartilaginous fish include species such as sharks, rays, and skates.

    What are the different types of marine mammals?

    There are over 120 species of marine mammals in the world. They can be divided into two main groups: cetaceans and pinnipeds. Cetaceans are mammals that live in the ocean and have a streamlined body, a blowhole, and flippers. They include species such as whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Pinnipeds are mammals that live in the ocean and have a streamlined body, flippers, and fur. They include species such as seals, sea lions, and walruses.

    What are the threats to fish and marine mammals?

    Fish and marine mammals are threatened by a number of factors, including overfishing, habitat loss, pollution, and Climate change. Overfishing is the main threat to fish, and it is estimated that over 50% of the world’s fish stocks are overfished. Habitat loss is a major threat to marine mammals, and it is estimated that over 50% of the world’s marine mammal habitats have been lost or degraded. Pollution is a threat to both fish and marine mammals, and it can cause a number of health problems, including reproductive problems, immune system problems, and cancer. Climate Change is a threat to both fish and marine mammals, and it is causing changes in the distribution of fish and marine mammals, as well as changes in the abundance of fish and marine mammals.

    What can be done to protect fish and marine mammals?

    There are a number of things that can be done to protect fish and marine mammals, including:

    • Reducing overfishing
    • Protecting and restoring habitats
    • Reducing pollution
    • Addressing climate change
    • Raising awareness about the threats to fish and marine mammals
    • Supporting conservation efforts

    1. Which of the following is not a type of fish?
      (A) Salmon
      (B) Tuna
      (C) Shrimp
      (D) Cow

    2. Which of the following is not a way to catch fish?
      (A) Fishing with a rod and reel
      (B) Fishing with a net
      (C) Fishing with a trap
      (D) Fishing with a cow

    3. Which of the following is not a fish habitat?
      (A) Ocean
      (B) River
      (C) Lake
      (D) Farm

    4. Which of the following is not a fish food?
      (A) Plankton
      (B) Krill
      (C) Algae
      (D) Grass

    5. Which of the following is not a fish predator?
      (A) Shark
      (B) Dolphin
      (C) Seal
      (D) Cow

    6. Which of the following is not a fish conservation effort?
      (A) Creating marine protected areas
      (B) Regulating fishing practices
      (C) Planting fish habitats
      (D) Raising cows

    7. Which of the following is not a fish disease?
      (A) Viral hemorrhagic septicemia
      (B) Infectious salmon anemia
      (C) White spot syndrome
      (D) Mad cow disease

    8. Which of the following is not a fish product?
      (A) Fish oil
      (B) Fishmeal
      (C) Fish sauce
      (D) Cow milk

    9. Which of the following is not a fish market?
      (A) Tsukiji Fish Market
      (B) Fulton Fish Market
      (C) Pike Place Market
      (D) Cow Market

    10. Which of the following is not a fish dish?
      (A) Sushi
      (B) Sashimi
      (C) Ceviche
      (D) Beef stew