Earth in Solar system, Motion of the Earth

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<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/the-solar-system-2/”>The Solar System consists of the Sun and its eight main planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets, meteors and other dwarf planets. The Sun is at the one of the two “centers” of The Solar System and the planets revolving around it in elliptical orbits.

The sun is in the centre of the solar system. It is huge and made up of extremely hot gases. It provides the pulling force that binds the solar system. The sun is the ultimate source of heat and Light for the solar system. The sun is about 150 million km away from the earth.The Sun is made up of 73% hydrogen and 25% helium. It also has trace amounts of Oxygen, carbon, iron and other Elements. It is about 4.6 billion years old and will continue to shine for another 5 billion years. After that it will grow into a Red Giant and then finally end its life as a white dwarf.

Earth and the moon, sun, and planets have predictable patterns of movement. These patterns, which are explainable by gravitational forces and conservation laws, in turn explain many large-scale phenomena observed on Earth. Planetary motions around the sun can be predicted using Kepler’s three empirical laws, which can be explained based on Newton’s theory of gravity. These orbits may also change somewhat due to the gravitational effects from, or collisions with, other bodies. Gradual changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit around the sun (over hundreds of thousands of years), together with the tilt of the planet’s spin axis (or axis of rotation), have altered the intensity and distribution of sunlight falling on Earth. These phenomena cause cycles of Climate change, including the relatively recent cycles of ice ages.

The orbits of planets and of their moons, of asteroids and of comets are governed by the Gravitational Force and described by the three Kepler’s laws.Kepler formulated three laws which govern the motion of planets. These are:

1. The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci

keplers-first-law

2. The area swept by the line joining the planet to the sun in unit time is constant through out the orbit

3. The square of the period of revolution of a planet around the sun is proportional to the cube of its Average distance from the Sun. If we denote the period by T and the average distance from the Sun as r, T2 ? r3 .

The Earth orbits around the Sun and Moon around the earth, so when the Earth comes between Moon and the Sun then Moon passes through the Earth’s shadow, it is called a Lunar Eclipse. As most of us know that Moon is not self illuminated but it reflects Sunlight falling on it. During Lunar Eclipse light coming from the Sun is blocked by the Earth, and directly it does not reach up the Moon so, moon’s brightness, reduced very much. Moon’s brightness is not totally vanished because, some indirect light from earth’s Atmosphere reaches up to the Moon so it remains visible up to some extent

In a partial lunar eclipse, part of the Moon is within the Earth’s umbral shadow. From the Earth, we see the Moon partially in shadow, almost as if it wasn’t full. In the later stages of a partial eclipse, as the Moon darkens, red coloration may become visible on the shadowed side of the Moon. A total lunar eclipse is when the Moon is completely shadowed by the Earth. The Moon passes through the Earth’s umbra, and no direct light can reach it from the Sun.

A Solar Eclipse occurs when the moon passes in a direct line between the Earth and the sun. The moon’s shadow travels over the Earth’s surface and blocks out the sun’s light as seen from Earth.

Different types of solar eclipses

• A total eclipse occurs when the dark silhouette of the Moon completely obscures the intensely bright light of the Sun, allowing the much fainter solar corona to be visible.

• An annular eclipse occurs when the Sun and Moon are exactly in line, but the apparent size of the Moon is smaller than that of the Sun. Hence the Sun appears as a very bright ring surrounding the dark disk of the Moon.

• A hybrid eclipse shifts between a total and annular eclipse. At certain points on the surface of Earth it appears as a total eclipse, whereas at other points it appears as annular. Hybrid eclipses are comparatively rare.

• A partial eclipse occurs when the Sun and Moon are not exactly in line and the Moon only partially obscures the Sun.,

The Earth is a planet that orbits the Sun, along with eight other planets, three dwarf planets, and countless asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. The Sun is a star, which is a giant ball of hot gas. The planets are much smaller than the Sun, and they are made of rock or gas. The dwarf planets are smaller than the planets, and they are made of rock or ice. The asteroids are small, rocky bodies that orbit the Sun. The comets are small, icy bodies that orbit the Sun. The meteoroids are small, rocky or icy bodies that orbit the Sun.

The Earth’s rotation is the Earth’s movement around its own axis. The Earth’s axis is an imaginary line that goes through the center of the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. The Earth takes 24 hours to rotate once on its axis. This is why we have day and night.

The Earth’s revolution is the Earth’s movement around the Sun. The Earth takes 365.25 days to revolve around the Sun. This is why we have seasons.

The Earth’s precession is the Earth’s slow wobble on its axis. The Earth’s precession takes about 26,000 years to complete.

The Earth’s nutation is the Earth’s slight wobble as it precesses. The Earth’s nutation takes about 18.6 years to complete.

The Earth’s orbital eccentricity is the Earth’s distance from the Sun. The Earth’s orbital eccentricity is about 0.0167. This means that the Earth’s distance from the Sun varies by about 3 million miles.

The Earth’s orbital inclination is the angle between the Earth’s orbit and the plane of the ecliptic. The Earth’s orbital inclination is about 0.0067 degrees. This means that the Earth’s orbit is tilted by about 23.5 degrees relative to the plane of the ecliptic.

The Earth’s orbital period is the time it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. The Earth’s orbital period is about 365.25 days.

The Earth is a beautiful and complex planet. It is the only planet in our solar system that is known to support life. The Earth is home to a wide variety of Plants and animals, and it is a source of wonder and exploration for humans.

The Earth

  • What is the Earth?
    The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

  • What is the Earth’s atmosphere made of?
    The Earth’s atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases.

  • What is the Earth’s surface made of?
    The Earth’s surface is made of land, water, and ice.

  • What is the Earth’s climate?
    The Earth’s climate is constantly changing. The current climate is warmer than it has been in the past, and it is expected to continue to warm in the future.

  • What are the Earth’s natural Resources?
    The Earth’s Natural Resources include water, Minerals, fossil fuels, and forests.

  • What are the Earth’s environmental problems?
    The Earth’s environmental problems include Climate Change, pollution, and deforestation.

  • What are the Earth’s Population?
    The Earth’s population is about 8 billion people.

  • What is the Earth’s future?
    The Earth’s future is uncertain. It is possible that the Earth will continue to warm, which could lead to more extreme weather events and sea level rise. It is also possible that humans will take steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.

The Solar System

  • What is the Solar System?
    The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly. The Sun is a star, and the objects that orbit it are planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.

  • What are the planets in the Solar System?
    The planets in the Solar System are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

  • What are the moons in the Solar System?
    The moons in the Solar System are natural satellites of the planets. The largest moon in the Solar System is Ganymede, which is a moon of Jupiter.

  • What are the asteroids in the Solar System?
    The asteroids in the Solar System are small, rocky bodies that orbit the Sun. The largest asteroid in the Solar System is Ceres, which is about 950 kilometers in diameter.

  • What are the comets in the Solar System?
    The comets in the Solar System are small, icy bodies that orbit the Sun. Comets have long, thin tails that are made of gas and dust.

  • What are the meteoroids in the Solar System?
    The meteoroids in the Solar System are small, rocky or metallic bodies that orbit the Sun. Meteoroids that enter the Earth’s atmosphere are called meteors. If a meteor survives its passage through the atmosphere and hits the ground, it is called a meteorite.

  • What is the origin of the Solar System?
    The Solar System formed about 4.6 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust. The Sun formed at the center of the cloud, and the planets formed around it.

  • What is the future of the Solar System?
    The Solar System is constantly changing. The Sun is slowly expanding, and it will eventually engulf the inner planets. The outer planets will eventually be ejected from the Solar System.

Motion of the Earth

  • What is the Earth’s orbit?
    The Earth’s orbit is the path that the Earth takes around the Sun. The Earth’s orbit is elliptical, which means that it is not a perfect circle.

  • What is the Earth’s rotation?
    The Earth’s rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its axis. The Earth’s rotation causes day and night.

  • What is the Earth’s tilt?
    The Earth’s tilt is the angle between the Earth’s axis and its orbital plane. The Earth’s tilt causes the seasons.

  • What is the Earth’s revolution?
    The Earth’s revolution is the Earth’s movement around the Sun. The Earth’s revolution takes 365.25 days.

  • What is the Earth’s precession?
    The Earth’s precession is the slow wobble of the Earth’s axis. The Earth’s precession takes about 26,000 years.

Sure, here are some multiple choice questions about the Earth:

  1. The Earth is a planet that is part of the Solar System. Which of the following is not a planet in the Solar System?
    (A) Mercury
    (B) Venus
    (C) Earth
    (D) Mars
    (E) Jupiter

  2. The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Which of the following is the closest planet to the Sun?
    (A) Mercury
    (B) Venus
    (C) Earth
    (D) Mars
    (E) Jupiter

  3. The Earth is a terrestrial planet. Which of the following is not a terrestrial planet?
    (A) Mercury
    (B) Venus
    (C) Earth
    (D) Mars
    (E) Jupiter

  4. The Earth is a rocky planet. Which of the following is not a rocky planet?
    (A) Mercury
    (B) Venus
    (C) Earth
    (D) Mars
    (E) Jupiter

  5. The Earth has a diameter of about 12,756 kilometers. Which of the following is the diameter of the Sun?
    (A) 1,392 kilometers
    (B) 6,000 kilometers
    (C) 12,756 kilometers
    (D) 149,600 kilometers
    (E) 1,496,000 kilometers

  6. The Earth has a mass of about 5.972 × 1024 kilograms. Which of the following is the mass of the Sun?
    (A) 1.989 × 1030 kilograms
    (B) 5.972 × 1024 kilograms
    (C) 1.989 × 1027 kilograms
    (D) 5.972 × 1021 kilograms
    (E) 1.989 × 1018 kilograms

  7. The Earth’s atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases. Which of the following is not a gas in the Earth’s atmosphere?
    (A) Nitrogen
    (B) Oxygen
    (C) Carbon dioxide
    (D) Water vapor
    (E) Argon

  8. The Earth’s surface is covered by about 71% water and 29% land. Which of the following is the largest ocean on Earth?
    (A) Pacific Ocean
    (B) Atlantic Ocean
    (C) Indian Ocean
    (D) Arctic Ocean
    (E) Southern Ocean

  9. The Earth’s Magnetic Field protects the planet from harmful radiation from the Sun. Which of the following is not a property of the Earth’s magnetic field?
    (A) The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the movement of molten iron in the Earth’s core.
    (B) The Earth’s magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the Sun.
    (C) The Earth’s magnetic field is strongest at the poles.
    (D) The Earth’s magnetic field is weakest at the equator.
    (E) The Earth’s magnetic field is constantly changing.

  10. The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. Which of the following is not a result of the Earth’s rotation?
    (A) The Earth’s day and night cycle.
    (B) The Earth’s seasons.
    (C) The Earth’s tides.
    (D) The Earth’s magnetic field.
    (E) The Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

I hope these questions were helpful!