<–2/”>a >E- Governance
E-government refers to the delivery of national or Local Government information and Services via the Internet or other digital means to citizens or businesses or other governmental agencies. E-government is a one-stop Internet gateway to major government services. E-government facilitates provision of relevant government information in electronic form to the citizens in a timely manner; better service delivery to citizens; Empowerment of the people through access to information without the Bureaucracy; improved productivity and cost Savings in doing business with suppliers and customers of government; and participation in public policy decision-making. E-Governance refers to how managers and supervisors utilize IT and Internet to execute their functions of supervising, planning, organizing, coordinating, and staffing effectively.
Information and Communication Technologies can enhance the transformation of Work culture by serving a variety of ends, better delivery of government services to citizens, improved government interactions with business and Industry, citizen empowerment through access to information and participation for decision-making and more efficient government management. E-Governance is not meant only for introducing or using technological tools, it fundamentally strives to bring about a change in mindset and work culture to integrate government processes and functions to serve the citizens better. Governance relates to safeguarding the legal rights of all citizens, an equally important aspect is concerned with ensuring equitable access to public services and the benefits of economic Growth to all. The present ARTICLE is describing various aspects and future prospective of E-Governance in Indian scenario.
Rajasthan government‘s focus is to use ICT to deliver e-Government that is better equipped to respond to the enhanced aspirations of its people in terms of 24×7 availability of quality government services. The aim is to enable a paradigm shift from the government-centric system to a citizen-centric system of governance, while improving the level of governance within the government departments.
The ICT Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE in Rajasthan are:-
State Data Centre (SDC)
Secretariat Local Area Network (SecLAN)
The Rajasthan State Wide Area Network (RSWAN)
Common Service Centre (CSC)
e-Mitra
e-Kiosk
Different fields of e-Governance are:-
G2C – Government to Citizen , G2C are those activities in which the government provides one-stop, on-line access to information and services to citizens.
G2B – Government to Business ,here the government deals with businesses such as suppliers using the Internet and other ICTs.
G2G – Government to Government G2G deals with those activities that take place between different government organizations/agencies. Many of these activities are aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of overall government operations.
Government to Constituents (E-Democracy) E-democracy refers to online activities of governments, elected representatives, Political Parties and citizens for democratic processes. This includes political or current affairs discussion and online consultation between representatives and their constituents.
E- Commerce
The evolution of E-Commerce is traced back to 1970‟s with the emergence of internet. E-commerce was developed for the business community in the early 1970s to facilitate processing high volume and high value transactions electronically. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) was the first business-to- business (B2B) application.
Subsequently, internet added a prodigious new dimension to e-commerce. The power of the internet as a global access was realized with the arrival of the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1994. Never in the history of mankind has a popular innovation spread as fast as internet. United States (US) has been considered the leader in the application of e-commerce.
The quick spread of internet in US can be gauzed from the fact that it took 16 years for telephones to be used by a quarter of all US households and 133 years for the cell-phones to be so widely used, but Internet has made similar penetration in less than 5 years.
By 2006, the digital economy has overtaken the traditional economy in U.S. So far only 8 per cent of manufacturing sector in US is applying e-commerce and, thus, remaining 92 per cent have yet to realise its benefits.
Further, e-commerce in US is taking place more in the service-oriented activities than the product-oriented ones. This is because of the fact that no two products are the same. But, services have a commonality that
makes maxim for more general applicable whether it is hospitality or airlines, transport services, Banking, reading of books and alike. After its fast debut in US, e-commerce is rapidly spreading beyond US boundaries and is growing speedily global. Numerous e-commerce success stories abound in Europe.
The origin of e-commerce in India coincides with the introduction of Internet connectivity in the country in 1989. As such, e-commerce in India is in its infancy. Historically, Rediff-on-the-net, one of India‟s leading online services, set up India‟s first e-commerce on August 13, 1998. Then, India entered the age of e-commerce the day the government deregulated the Internet Service Provider (ISP) policy in November 1998.
Since then, there is no looking back and the country is proliferating in Internet. The rate of growth of penetration of Internet has been spectacular. It took radio 50 years to have 50 million owners. Tele Vision (TV) 16 years and personal computers 17 years. But it has taken Internet only 4 years to reach that figure after the invention of WWW and browsers.
Till now, Internet penetration in India is about 0.5 per cent of the Population against 50 per cent in Singapore. Nevertheless, India is fast emerging as the largest country for registering domain names in the entire Asia-Pacific region. According to the latest dotcom index for the year up-to February 2000, India occupies 11th place in it after US. UK, Korea, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, China, Spain and Italy.
Presently, India has nearly 35 ISPs in various stages of operations. Added to these are 187 more ISPs granted licences. The popular ISPs already providing access to internet in the country are the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL), Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL). Satyam Online. BT Internet, Intel India, Max India, Quark, HCL
Perot, Infosys, Future Divices and Dishnet. Satyam Online, India‟s largest ISP mega corporation got over 1, 15,000 subscribers across the country.
As of March 31, 2000, there were 7.5 lakh Internet connections in the country with 3.2 million Internet users. According to Forrester Research, over 27 million households in India will access the Internet by 2003. National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM), the apex body and Chamber of Commerce of India‟s software-driven IT industry, has recently released findings of its survey to evaluate the E-Commerce scenario in India. As per the findings of the survey, the total volume of e-commerce transactions in India was about Rs. 131 crore in the year 1998-99.
Out of this volume, about Rs. 12 crore were contributed by retail Internet or business-to- consumer transactions and about Rs. 119 crore were contributed by business-to- business (B2B) transactions. The figure for the year 1999-2000 was estimated to reach Rs. 450 crore.
Here, it is significant to note that India‟s experience in e-commerce transactions is compatible with that of US and other countries where Percentage share of B2B remained much larger than that of Business-to-Customer (B2C). This implies that businesses are more willing and able than individuals to use e-commerce technology.,
E-governance is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of government operations. It can also be used to engage citizens in the democratic process and to provide them with access to government services.
E-government can be divided into four main categories: e-administration, e-services, e-procurement, and e-Taxation. E-administration refers to the use of ICT to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government operations. This can include things like automating processes, digitizing records, and providing online access to government services. E-services refer to the provision of government services online. This can include things like online tax filing, online voter registration, and online access to government records. E-procurement refers to the use of ICT to purchase goods and services from suppliers. This can include things like online bidding, online contract management, and online payment processing. E-taxation refers to the use of ICT to collect taxes. This can include things like online tax filing, online payment processing, and online tax audits.
E-democracy refers to the use of ICT to improve the democratic process. This can include things like online voting, online public consultation, and online political participation. E-participation refers to the use of ICT to engage citizens in the decision-making process. This can include things like online surveys, online forums, and online petitions. E-administration, e-services, e-procurement, and e-taxation are all examples of e-governance. E-democracy and e-participation are both examples of e-governance that are focused on engaging citizens in the democratic process.
E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It can be divided into four main categories: business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and business-to-government (B2G). B2B e-commerce refers to the sale of goods and services between businesses. This can include things like online wholesale, online retail, and online Supply Chain Management. B2C e-commerce refers to the sale of goods and services from businesses to consumers. This can include things like online shopping, online travel booking, and online banking. C2C e-commerce refers to the sale of goods and services between consumers. This can include things like online auctions, online classifieds, and online peer-to-peer lending. B2G e-commerce refers to the sale of goods and services from businesses to governments. This can include things like online procurement, online bidding, and online contract management.
E-governance and e-commerce are both important aspects of the digital economy. E-governance can help governments to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of their operations. E-commerce can help businesses to reach new markets and to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. Both e-governance and e-commerce can help to improve the lives of citizens and businesses.
Here are some examples of how e-governance and e-commerce are being used in the real world:
- The United States government uses e-governance to provide citizens with access to government services online. For example, citizens can file their taxes online, renew their driver’s licenses online, and apply for government benefits online.
- The Chinese government uses e-governance to improve the efficiency of its operations. For example, the government has implemented a system of electronic invoicing that has helped to reduce Corruption and improve the efficiency of tax collection.
- The Indian government uses e-governance to engage citizens in the democratic process. For example, the government has implemented a system of online voting that has made it easier for citizens to participate in Elections.
- Amazon is a leading example of a B2C e-commerce company. Amazon allows consumers to purchase a wide variety of goods and services online.
- eBay is a leading example of a C2C e-commerce company. eBay allows consumers to buy and sell goods and services from each other.
- Alibaba is a leading example of a B2B e-commerce company. Alibaba allows businesses to buy and sell goods and services from each other.
E-governance and e-commerce are both rapidly evolving fields. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative and effective uses of these technologies in the years to come.
What is e-Learning?
E-learning is the delivery of educational content and instruction via the internet, including mobile devices. It can take many forms, including online courses, video lectures, and interactive simulations.
What are the benefits of e-learning?
E-learning offers a number of benefits over traditional classroom-based learning, including:
- Convenience: E-learning can be accessed from anywhere, at any time. This makes it ideal for busy professionals or people who live in remote areas.
- Flexibility: E-learning can be tailored to individual needs and learning styles. This allows learners to progress at their own pace and focus on the areas they need most help with.
- Cost-effectiveness: E-learning can be a more cost-effective option than traditional classroom-based learning. This is because there are no travel or accommodation costs, and the materials can be reused multiple times.
- Accountability: E-learning can help learners to stay on track and motivated. This is because they can track their progress and receive feedback from their instructor.
What are the challenges of e-learning?
E-learning also has some challenges, including:
- Technology: E-learning requires access to a computer or mobile device with an internet connection. This can be a barrier for some people, especially those in developing countries.
- Motivation: E-learning can be more challenging than traditional classroom-based learning, as learners need to be self-motivated and disciplined.
- Social isolation: E-learning can be isolating, as learners do not have the opportunity to interact with their instructor or other learners in person.
What are the different types of e-learning?
There are many different types of e-learning, including:
- Self-paced e-learning: This is the most common type of e-learning. Learners can access the materials at their own pace and progress through the course at their own speed.
- Synchronous e-learning: This type of e-learning takes place in real time, with learners and instructor interacting online. This can be done through video conferencing, chat rooms, or discussion forums.
- Asynchronous e-learning: This type of e-learning does not take place in real time. Learners can access the materials and submit assignments at their own convenience.
- Blended learning: This type of e-learning combines online and classroom-based learning. This can be a good option for learners who want the flexibility of e-learning with the social interaction of traditional classroom-based learning.
What are the different platforms for e-learning?
There are many different platforms for e-learning, including:
- Learning management systems (LMS): These are software applications that allow instructors to create and deliver online courses.
- Course management systems (CMS): These are software applications that allow learners to access and manage their online courses.
- Social learning platforms: These are online platforms that allow learners to interact with each other and share Resources.
- Mobile learning apps: These are apps that allow learners to access online courses on their mobile devices.
What are the different roles in e-learning?
There are many different roles in e-learning, including:
- Instructor: The instructor is responsible for creating and delivering the online course.
- Learner: The learner is the person who is taking the online course.
- Content developer: The content developer is responsible for creating the content for the online course.
- Technical support specialist: The technical support specialist is responsible for providing technical support to learners.
- E-learning administrator: The e-learning administrator is responsible for managing the e-learning platform.
What is the future of e-learning?
The future of e-learning is bright. The demand for e-learning is growing, and the technology is constantly improving. E-learning is a cost-effective and convenient way to learn, and it offers a number of benefits over traditional classroom-based learning.
Sure. Here are some MCQs without mentioning the topic e-governance and e-commerce:
Which of the following is not a type of e-commerce?
(A) Business-to-business (B2B)
(B) Business-to-consumer (B2C)
(C) Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
(D) Consumer-to-business (C2B)Which of the following is not a benefit of e-commerce?
(A) Increased efficiency
(B) Reduced costs
(C) Improved customer service
(D) Increased competitionWhich of the following is not a challenge of e-commerce?
(A) Security
(B) Trust
(C) Regulation
(D) TechnologyWhich of the following is not a type of e-government?
(A) Transactional
(B) Informational
(C) Interactive
(D) CollaborativeWhich of the following is not a benefit of e-government?
(A) Increased efficiency
(B) Reduced costs
(C) Improved citizen service
(D) Increased corruptionWhich of the following is not a challenge of e-government?
(A) Security
(B) Trust
(C) Regulation
(D) TechnologyWhich of the following is not a type of e-learning?
(A) Synchronous
(B) Asynchronous
(C) Blended
(D) VirtualWhich of the following is not a benefit of e-learning?
(A) Increased flexibility
(B) Reduced costs
(C) Improved learning outcomes
(D) Increased isolationWhich of the following is not a challenge of e-learning?
(A) Technology
(B) Access
(C) Motivation
(D) SocializationWhich of the following is not a type of e-Health?
(A) Electronic health records (EHRs)
(B) Personal health records (PHRs)
(C) Telehealth
(D) E-prescriptionsWhich of the following is not a benefit of e-health?
(A) Increased efficiency
(B) Reduced costs
(C) Improved patient care
(D) Increased privacy concernsWhich of the following is not a challenge of e-health?
(A) Technology
(B) Access
(C) Security
(D) TrustWhich of the following is not a type of e-agriculture?
(A) Precision agriculture
(B) Remote sensing
(C) Geographic information systems (GIS)
(D) E-commerce for agricultural productsWhich of the following is not a benefit of e-agriculture?
(A) Increased efficiency
(B) Reduced costs
(C) Improved crop yields
(D) Increased environmental impactWhich of the following is not a challenge of e-agriculture?
(A) Technology
(B) Access
(C) Skills
(D) Regulation