Diseases Related To Kidney

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Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome

Autosomal recessive syndrome of disturbance of amino acid transport characterized by deposition of cystine crystals in numerous Tissues of the body, particularly evident in the conjunctiva and cornea. Children in whom cystinosis is found are subnormal in development, with dwarfing, rickets, and osteoporosis. Renal tubular disease, aminoaciduria, glycosuria, and hypokalemia are usually present. Cystinosis occurs primarily in children; only two cases are believed to have been observed in adults. The syndrome has been described in siblings but not in different generations. It is of a simple Mendelian character.

Adenovirus Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

Renal allograft involvement for Adenovirus infection is rare and can manifest as necrotizing tubulointerstitial nephritis and space-occupying lesion. The common differential diagnoses include BK and CMV mediated interstitial nephritis for the most part when viral inclusions are present. However, presence of severe necrotizing granulomatous lesions with predominant neutrophilic inflammation would be considered characteristic for Adenovirus.

Chyluria

Chyluria, also called chylous urine, is a medical condition involving the presence of chyle in the urine stream, which results in urine appearing milky white. The condition is usually classified as being either parasitic or non parasitic. It is a condition that is more prevalent among people of Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Chyluria appearance is irregular and intermittent. It may last several days, weeks or even months. There are several factors that trigger Chyluria recurrence.

Diuresis

Diuresis is increased urination and the physiologic process that produces such an increase. It involves extra urine production in the kidneys as part of the body's homeostatic maintenance of fluid balance. In healthy people, the drinking of extra water produces mild diuresis to maintain the body water balance. Many people with Health problems such as heart failure and kidney failure need diuretic medications to help their kidneys deal with the fluid overload of edema. These drugs help the body rid itself of extra water via the extra urine. The concentrations of electrolytes in the blood are closely linked to fluid balance, so any action or problem involving fluid intake or output (such as polydipsia, polyuria, diarrhea, heat exhaustion, starting or changing doses of diuretics, and others) can require management of electrolytes, whether through self-care in mild cases or with help from health professionals in moderate or severe cases.

Renal cortical necrosis

Renal cortical necrosis (RCN) is a rare cause of acute kidney failure. The condition is "usually caused by significantly diminished arterial perfusion of the kidneys due to spasms of the feeding arteries, microvascular injury, or disseminated intravascular coagulation" and is the pathological progression of acute tubular necrosis. It is frequently associated with obstetric catastrophes such as abruptio placentae and septic shock, and is three times more common in developing nations versus industrialized nations (2% versus 6% in causes of acute kidney failure).

Kidney stones

Kidney stones are another common kidney problem. They occur when Minerals and other substances in the blood crystallize in the kidneys, forming solid masses (stones). Kidney stones usually come out of the body during urination. Passing kidney stones can be extremely painful, but they rarely cause significant problems.

Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli. Glomeruli are extremely small structures inside the kidneys that filter the blood. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by infections, drugs, or congenital abnormalities (disorders that occur during or shortly after birth). It often gets better on its own.

Polycystic kidney disease

Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder that causes numerous cysts (small sacs of fluid) to grow in the kidneys. These cysts can interfere with kidney function and cause kidney failure. (It’s important to note that individual kidney cysts are fairly common and almost always harmless. Polycystic kidney disease is a separate, more serious condition.)

Urinary tract infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bacterial infections of any part of the urinary system. Infections in the bladder and urethra are the most common. They are easily treatable and rarely lead to more health problems. However, if left untreated, these infections can spread to the kidneys and cause kidney failure.

Glycosuria

Glycosuria or glucosuria is the Excretion of glucose into the urine. Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reabsorb all of the filtered glucose from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream. Glycosuria is nearly always caused by elevated blood glucose levels, most commonly due to untreated diabetes mellitus. Rarely, glycosuria is due to an intrinsic problem with glucose reabsorption within the kidneys (such as Fanconi syndrome), producing a condition termed renal glycosuria. Glycosuria leads to excessive water loss into the urine with resultant dehydration, a process called osmotic diuresis.

Acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury is sudden damage to the kidneys. In many cases it will be short term but in some people it may lead to long-term chronic kidney disease. The main causes are:

damage to the actual kidney tissue caused by a drug, severe infection or radioactive dye
Obstruction to urine leaving the kidney (for example because of kidney stones or an enlarged prostate).

People who have chronic kidney disease are also at increased risk of acute kidney injury.

Chronic kidney disease

More often, kidney function worsens over a number of years. This is known as chronic kidney disease. Sometimes it can progress to end stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to keep you alive.

There are different causes of chronic kidney disease, the key ones being:

damaged blood vessels to the kidneys due to high blood pressure and diabetes
attacks on the kidney tissue by disease or the immune system (glomerulonephritis)
the Growth of cysts on the kidneys (polycystic kidney disease)
damage due to backward flow of urine into the kidneys (reflux nephropathy)
congenital abnormalities of the kidney or urinary tract.

There are many other causes of kidney disease, and sometimes the cause is not known. Regardless of the cause of the disease, some parts of the treatment are common to all. However, your doctor will always attempt to find the cause of your kidney disease as it may have important implications. If the cause of your kidney disease is genetic or unknown, your doctor may recommend your relatives also be checked.

Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that filter waste products from the blood and produce urine. They also help to regulate blood pressure, produce red blood cells, and keep bones healthy.

Kidney diseases can affect any part of the kidney, including the glomeruli, tubules, and blood vessels. There are many different types of kidney diseases, and they can range from mild to severe.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden loss of kidney function. It can be caused by a number of things, including dehydration, heart failure, infection, and certain medications. AKI can be life-threatening, but it is often treatable.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition that affects the kidneys. It can be caused by a number of things, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain medications. CKD can lead to kidney failure, which is a life-threatening condition.

Glomerulonephritis is a condition that affects the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys. It can be caused by a number of things, including infection, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications. Glomerulonephritis can lead to kidney failure.

Nephrotic syndrome is a condition that causes the kidneys to lose too much protein in the urine. It can be caused by a number of things, including glomerulonephritis, diabetes, and certain medications. Nephrotic syndrome can lead to serious complications, such as high blood pressure, fluid retention, and kidney failure.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic condition that causes the kidneys to grow large and develop cysts. PKD can lead to kidney failure.

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or Fungi. Pyelonephritis can be very serious, especially in people with weakened immune systems.

Renal calculi (kidney stones) are hard deposits that form in the kidneys. They can cause severe pain, nausea, and vomiting. Kidney stones can sometimes pass on their own, but they may need to be removed by surgery.

Renal failure is a condition in which the kidneys can no longer function properly. It can be caused by a number of things, including AKI, CKD, and glomerulonephritis. Renal failure is a life-threatening condition that requires treatment with dialysis or kidney transplant.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. UTIs are most common in Women, but they can also occur in men. UTIs can be treated with antibiotics.

If you have any of the symptoms of a kidney disease, it is important to see a doctor right away. Kidney diseases can be serious, but they are often treatable if they are caught early.

Here are some tips to help prevent kidney diseases:

Control your blood pressure. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for kidney disease.
Control your blood sugar. Diabetes is another major risk factor for kidney disease.
Eat a healthy diet. A healthy diet can help to keep your kidneys healthy.
Drink plenty of fluids. Drinking plenty of fluids helps to flush toxins out of your kidneys.
Don’t smoke. Smoking can damage your kidneys.
Get regular exercise. Exercise helps to keep your blood pressure and blood sugar levels under control.
See your doctor for regular checkups. Your doctor can screen for kidney diseases and help you to manage any risk factors you may have.

Kidney Stones

What are kidney stones?
Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in the kidneys. They can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.
What causes kidney stones?
Kidney stones are caused by a combination of factors, including dehydration, diet, and certain medications.
What are the symptoms of kidney stones?
The most common symptom of kidney stones is severe pain in the back or side. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and blood in the urine.
How are kidney stones treated?
Treatment for kidney stones depends on the size and location of the stone. Small stones may pass on their own with fluids and pain medication. Larger stones may need to be broken up with Sound waves or removed surgically.

Chronic Kidney Disease

What is chronic kidney disease?
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive loss of kidney function. It can be caused by a number of conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.
What are the symptoms of chronic kidney disease?
Early stages of chronic kidney disease often have no symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and swelling in the hands, feet, and ankles.
How is chronic kidney disease treated?
There is no cure for chronic kidney disease, but treatment can help to slow the progression of the disease and prevent complications. Treatment may include medications, diet changes, and dialysis or kidney transplant.

Glomerulonephritis

What is glomerulonephritis?
Glomerulonephritis is a kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys. It can be caused by a number of conditions, including infection, autoimmune disease, and certain medications.
What are the symptoms of glomerulonephritis?
The symptoms of glomerulonephritis vary depending on the cause of the disease. Some common symptoms include blood in the urine, swelling, high blood pressure, and fatigue.
How is glomerulonephritis treated?
Treatment for glomerulonephritis depends on the cause of the disease. In some cases, the disease may go away on its own. In other cases, treatment may include medications, diet changes, and dialysis or kidney transplant.

Polycystic Kidney Disease

What is polycystic kidney disease?
Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder that causes the kidneys to grow large and develop multiple cysts. The cysts can damage the kidneys and lead to kidney failure.
What are the symptoms of polycystic kidney disease?
Most people with polycystic kidney disease do not have symptoms until their kidneys are severely damaged. When symptoms do occur, they may include fatigue, high blood pressure, and blood in the urine.
How is polycystic kidney disease treated?
There is no cure for polycystic kidney disease, but treatment can help to manage the symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment may include medications, diet changes, and dialysis or kidney transplant.

The kidneys are located in the:
(a) abdomen
(b) chest
(c) back
(d) neck
The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and produce urine.
(a) True
(b) False
The kidneys are responsible for regulating blood pressure.
(a) True
(b) False
The kidneys produce HORMONES that help to regulate red blood cell production.
(a) True
(b) False
Kidney stones are hard deposits that can form in the kidneys.
(a) True
(b) False
Kidney failure is a serious condition in which the kidneys can no longer function properly.
(a) True
(b) False
There is no cure for kidney failure.
(a) True
(b) False
Dialysis is a treatment that helps to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not working properly.
(a) True
(b) False
A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor.
(a) True
(b) False
The most common cause of kidney failure is diabetes.
(a) True
(b) False
High blood pressure is another common cause of kidney failure.
(a) True
(b) False
Smoking can also damage the kidneys and increase the risk of kidney failure.
(a) True
(b) False
Obesity is a risk factor for kidney disease.
(a) True
(b) False
There are no symptoms of kidney disease in the early stages.
(a) True
(b) False
If you have diabetes or high blood pressure, it is important to have your kidneys checked regularly.
(a) True
(b) False
If you have any of the following symptoms, you should see a doctor right away:
(a) blood in your urine
(b) swelling in your hands, feet, or ankles
(c) fatigue
(d) loss of appetite
(e) nausea or vomiting
(f) itching
(g) shortness of breath
(h) high blood pressure
(i) diabetes
(j) a family history of kidney disease
There are several things you can do to reduce your risk of developing kidney disease, including:
(a) controlling your blood pressure
(a) controlling your blood sugar
(a) quitting smoking
(a) eating a healthy diet
(a) exercising regularly
(a) maintaining a healthy weight
If you have kidney disease, there are several things you can do to manage your condition, including:
(a) taking your medications as prescribed
(a) following your doctor’s instructions
(a) eating a healthy diet
(a) exercising regularly
(a) managing your blood pressure
(a) managing your blood sugar
(a) quitting smoking
(a) getting regular checkups
Kidney disease is a serious condition, but it can be managed with proper care.
(a) True
(b) False
If you have kidney disease, it is important to work with your doctor to create a treatment plan that is right for you.
(a) True
(b) False