Directive Principles of State Policy

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<–2/”>a >An important feature of the constitution is the Directive Principles of State Policy. Although the Directive Principles are asserted to be “fundamental in the governance of the country,” they are not legally enforceable. Instead, they are guidelines for creating a social order characterized by social, economic, and political Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity as enunciated in the constitution’s preamble.

ARTICLE 37 of the Constitution declares that the DPSP “shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the state to apply these principles in making laws.” It is not a mere coincidence that the apparent distinction that is drawn by scholars between the ICCPR rights and ESC rights holds good for the distinction that is drawn in the Indian context between Fundamental Rights and DPSP. Thus the bar to justiciability of the DPSP is spelled out in some sense in the Constitution itself.

The Directive Principles may be classified into 3 broad categories—

  1. Socialistic
  2. Gandhian and
  3. Liberal-intellectual.

(1) Socialistic Directives

Principal among this category of directives are (a) securing welfare of the people (Art. 38) (b) securing proper distribution of material Resources of the community as to best sub serve the common-good, equal pay for equal work, protection of childhood and youth against exploitation. etc. (Art.39), (c) curing right to work, Education etc. Art. (41), (d) securing just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief (Art. 42) etc.

(2) Gandhian Directives

Such directives are spread over several Arts. Principal among such directives are (a) to organize village panchayats (Art. 40), (b) to secure living wage, decent standard of life, and to promote Cottage industries (Art.43), (c) to provide free and compulsory education to all children up to 14 years of age (Art. 45), (d) to promote economic and educational interests of the weaker sections of the people, particularly, the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, (e) to enforce Prohibition of intoxicating drinks and cow-slaughter and to organize agriculture and Animal Husbandry on scientific lines (Arts. 46-48).

(3) Liberal intellectual directives

Principal among such directives are (a) to secure Uniform Civil Code throughout the country (Art.44), (b) to separate the judiciary from the executive (Art.50),  (c) to protect monuments of historic and national importance and  (d) to promote international peace and security.,

Early contact with the British

The first recorded contact between the British and the Nagas was in 1832, when a British expeditionary force led by Captain John Butler was sent to the Naga Hills to investigate reports of raids by Naga tribesmen on British territory. The expedition was unsuccessful in its mission, and the British withdrew without making any contact with the Nagas.

The Naga Hills Expedition of 1879-80

The next major contact between the British and the Nagas came in 1879, when a British expeditionary force led by Colonel James Johnston was sent to the Naga Hills to suppress a rebellion by the Angami Nagas. The expedition was successful in its mission, and the British established control over the Naga Hills.

The British Raj in Nagaland

The British Raj in Nagaland lasted from 1879 to 1947. During this time, the British ruled the Nagas indirectly through a system of chiefs. The British also introduced Christianity to the Nagas, and many Nagas converted to the new religion.

The Naga National Movement

The Naga National Movement began in the early 20th century, when the Nagas began to demand independence from British rule. The movement was led by a number of Naga leaders, including Angami Zapu Phizo. The Naga National Movement continued after Indian independence in 1947, and the Nagas fought a long and bloody war against the Indian government.

The Naga Hills Tuensang Area Act of 1957

The Naga Hills Tuensang Area Act of 1957 was an act of the Indian Parliament that created the Naga Hills Tuensang Area (NHTA). The NHTA was a semi-autonomous region within the Indian state of Assam. The act was passed in response to the Naga National Movement, and it was intended to give the Nagas a measure of self-government.

The Nagaland Statehood Act of 1963

The Nagaland Statehood Act of 1963 was an act of the Indian Parliament that created the state of Nagaland. Nagaland became the 16th state of India on December 1, 1963. The act was passed in response to the Naga National Movement, and it was intended to give the Nagas full statehood within the Indian Union.

The Naga Peace Accord of 1997

The Naga Peace Accord of 1997 was a peace agreement between the Government of India and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM). The agreement was signed on August 15, 1997, and it brought an end to the Naga National Movement. The agreement granted the Nagas a large measure of autonomy within the Indian Union, and it created the Nagaland Territorial Areas (NTAs). The NTAs are a group of six autonomous districts within the state of Nagaland.

The Nagas are a proud and independent people, and they have a long and rich history. The British ruled Nagaland for over 60 years, but the Nagas never fully accepted British rule. The Naga National Movement began in the early 20th century, and it continued after Indian independence in 1947. The Nagas fought a long and bloody war against the Indian government, but they eventually achieved a measure of self-government. The Naga Peace Accord of 1997 brought an end to the Naga National Movement, and it granted the Nagas a large measure of autonomy within the Indian Union.

What is Nagaland?
Nagaland is a state in northeastern India. It is the 16th largest state in India, with a Population of over 2 million people. The capital of Nagaland is Kohima.

What is the history of Nagaland?
The history of Nagaland is long and complex. The Naga people have been living in the region for centuries. They were first contacted by Europeans in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the British began to colonize Nagaland. The Naga people resisted British rule, and there were several uprisings against the British. In 1947, India gained independence from Britain. Nagaland became a part of India, but the Naga people continued to resist Indian rule. In 1963, Nagaland became a state of India.

What is the culture of Nagaland?
The culture of Nagaland is diverse. There are over 16 different tribes in Nagaland, each with its own unique culture. The Naga people are known for their traditional dress, their music, and their dance.

What is the economy of Nagaland?
The economy of Nagaland is based on agriculture, Forestry, and tourism. The main crops grown in Nagaland are rice, maize, and millet. The main forest products are timber and bamboo. Tourism is a growing Industry in Nagaland.

What are the challenges facing Nagaland?
Nagaland faces a number of challenges, including POVERTY, Unemployment, and Corruption. The state also has a high rate of HIV/AIDS.

What are the hopes for the future of Nagaland?
The people of Nagaland hope for a better future for their state. They hope for Economic Development, improved education, and better healthcare. They also hope for peace and stability.

  1. The Naga people are indigenous to:
    (a) India
    (b) Myanmar
    (c) China
    (d) All of the above

  2. The Naga people speak:
    (a) Naga languages
    (b) Indo-Aryan languages
    (c) Sino-Tibetan languages
    (d) None of the above

  3. The Naga people practice:
    (a) Christianity
    (b) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
    (c) Buddhism-2/”>Buddhism
    (d) Animism

  4. The Naga people are known for their:
    (a) Warrior culture
    (b) Handicrafts
    (c) Music and dance
    (d) All of the above

  5. The Naga people are divided into:
    (a) Over 60 different tribes
    (b) Over 100 different tribes
    (c) Over 150 different tribes
    (d) Over 200 different tribes

  6. The Naga people have a long history of:
    (a) Resistance to foreign rule
    (b) Peaceful coexistence with their neighbors
    (c) Economic development
    (d) None of the above

  7. The Naga people are currently facing a number of challenges, including:
    (a) Poverty
    (b) Lack of education
    (c) Lack of healthcare
    (d) All of the above

  8. The Naga people are a resilient and determined people who are working to overcome these challenges and build a better future for themselves.
    (a) True
    (b) False

  9. The Naga people are an important part of the fabric of India and their culture and traditions should be respected.
    (a) True
    (b) False

  10. The Naga people are a proud and independent people who deserve to determine their own future.
    (a) True
    (b) False