Different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, rain fall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone

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<–2/”>a >ADifferent agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, rain fall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone.

Three Agro-Climatic zones of Jharkhand are:

  1. Western Plateau Zone
  2. Central and North Eastern Plateau Zone
  • South Eastern Plateau Zone

Agro-Climatic Zone of Jharkhand

Region NameDistricts Name
 Western Plateau Zone
Bokaro
Latehar
Lohardanga
Gumla
Hazaribagh
 Palamau
 Ranchi
Simdega
Chatara
Garhwa
Central and North Eastern Plateau Zone 
 Jamtara
 Koderma
 Pakur
Giridih
Godda
Deoghar
Dhanbad
Dumka
Sahebganj
South Eastern Plateau Zone
East Singhbhum
Saraikela
West Singhbhum

 

 

Agro-climatic zones:

  1. Central and North Eastern Plateau Zone

Characteristics:

  1. Low water relentive capacity of the Soil particularly that of uplands.
  2. Late arrival and early cessation of monsoon and erratic and uneven distribution of rainfall.
  3. Lack of safe disposal of runoff water during monsoon and water storage and moisture conservation practices for raising Rabi Crops.
  4. Drying of tanks and wells by February results in no Rabi crop production.
  5. Important Crops: Rice, wheat, maize, ragi, potato, Arhar, Rapeseeds, Mustards, Gram and Pulses.

Rainfall Pattern:

The region is highly dependent on the monsoonal rainfall. The distribution of rainfall in not even also.

Abiotic stresses: Abiotic stresses such as drought (water deficit), excessive watering (water-logging/flooding), extreme temperatures (cold, frost and heat), salinity (sodicity) and mineral (Metal and metalloid) toxicity negatively impact Growth, development, yield and seed quality of crop and other Plants.

Uncertainity of rainfall in the major abiotic Stress of the region

 

  1. Western Plateau Zone

Characteristics:

  1. Late arrival and early cessation of monsoon.
  2. Erratic /uneven distribution of rainfall.
  3. Low water retentive capacity of soils.
  4. Lack of soil and water conservation practices
  5. Important Crops: Rice, Maize, Barley, Lentil, Seasamum, Groundnut, Potato, Arhar and Gram

Rainfall Pattern:

High rainfall enables rice cultivation but it is totally dependent on monsoon.

Abiotic stresses:

Low fertility of soil is the major abiotic stress in this region

 

  1. South Eastern Plateau Zone

Characteristics:

  1. Uneven distribution of rainfall.
  2. Low water holdaning capacity.
  3. Eroded soils.
  4. Poor Soil fertility.
  5. Important Crops: Rice, Wheat, Marwa, Arhar, Linseed

Rainfall Pattern: Uneven rainfall distribution have some rivers as well whose water is used in Irrigation.

Abiotic stresses: Low fertility and poor soil fertility

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Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It is the 14th largest state in India by area and the 28th most populous state. The state is bordered by Bihar to the north, West Bengal to the east, Odisha to the south, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Uttar Pradesh to the north-west. The capital of Jharkhand is Ranchi.

Jharkhand is a land of diverse terrain, with Mountains, forests, plains, and rivers. The state is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, leopards, elephants, and rhinoceroses. Jharkhand is also home to a number of tribal groups, who have a rich culture and heritage.

The climate of Jharkhand is tropical, with hot summers and mild winters. The Average annual temperature in Jharkhand is 27 degrees Celsius. The rainfall pattern in Jharkhand is monsoonal, with most of the rainfall occurring during the monsoon season (June-September).

The agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand are:

  • North-Western Zone: This zone is characterized by a hot and dry climate. The average annual rainfall in this zone is 800 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are rice, wheat, and pulses.
  • North-Eastern Zone: This zone is characterized by a humid subtropical climate. The average annual rainfall in this zone is 1,200 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are rice, jute, and sugarcane.
  • Central Zone: This zone is characterized by a tropical climate. The average annual rainfall in this zone is 1,400 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are rice, maize, and oilseeds.
  • South-Western Zone: This zone is characterized by a semi-arid climate. The average annual rainfall in this zone is 1,000 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are Millets, sorghum, and Cotton.
  • South-Eastern Zone: This zone is characterized by a tropical climate. The average annual rainfall in this zone is 1,600 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are rice, tea, and coffee.

The known abiotic stresses in Jharkhand are:

  • Drought: Drought is a natural phenomenon that occurs when there is a prolonged period of below-average rainfall. Drought can have a devastating impact on agriculture, Livestock, and human Health.
  • Flood: Flood is a natural disaster that occurs when there is an excessive amount of water in a river or stream. Floods can cause widespread damage to property and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE, and can also lead to loss of life.
  • Heat wave: Heat wave is a period of abnormally hot weather that can last for several days or weeks. Heat waves can be dangerous to human health, and can also lead to crop failures and livestock deaths.
  • Cold wave: Cold wave is a period of abnormally cold weather that can last for several days or weeks. Cold waves can be dangerous to human health, and can also lead to crop failures and livestock deaths.
  • Soil erosion: Soil erosion is the process of soil being carried away by wind or water. Soil erosion can be caused by natural factors, such as rainfall and wind, or by human activities, such as deforestation and agriculture. Soil erosion can lead to loss of topsoil, which is the most fertile layer of soil.
  • Salinity: Salinity is the presence of salt in soil or water. Salinity can be caused by natural factors, such as Evaporation and rainfall, or by human activities, such as irrigation and mining. Salinity can lead to crop failures and damage to infrastructure.
  • Alkalinity: Alkalinity is the presence of alkaline substances in soil or water. Alkalinity can be caused by natural factors, such as weathering and leaching, or by human activities, such as irrigation and mining. Alkalinity can lead to crop failures and damage to infrastructure.

The government of Jharkhand has taken a number of measures to address the challenges posed by abiotic stresses. These measures include:

  • Promoting drought-tolerant crops
  • Building flood control structures
  • Providing early warning systems for heat waves and cold waves
  • Promoting soil conservation practices
  • Reducing salinity and alkalinity in soil and water

The government of Jharkhand is also working to improve the resilience of the state’s economy and infrastructure to the impacts of Climate Change. These efforts include:

Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It is bordered by West Bengal to the north, Odisha to the east, Chhattisgarh to the south, Bihar to the west, and Uttar Pradesh to the northwest. The state has a Population of over 33 million people and a land area of 79,716 square kilometers.

Jharkhand is divided into 14 districts: Bokaro, Chatra, Deoghar, Dhanbad, Dumka, Garhwa, Giridih, Godda, Gumla, Hazaribagh, Koderma, Latehar, Lohardaga, and Pakur. The state capital is Ranchi.

The climate of Jharkhand is tropical. The average temperature ranges from 15 degrees Celsius in winter to 35 degrees Celsius in summer. The state receives an average annual rainfall of 1,200 millimeters.

The main agricultural crops in Jharkhand are rice, wheat, maize, pulses, and oilseeds. The state is also a major producer of coal, iron Ore, and bauxite.

The following are the different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, rainfall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone:

  • Terai zone: This zone is located in the northern part of the state and has a humid subtropical climate. The average annual rainfall is 1,500-2,000 millimeters. The main agricultural crops in this zone are rice, wheat, maize, pulses, and oilseeds. The main abiotic stresses in this zone are floods and droughts.
  • Sub-Himalayan zone: This zone is located in the northwestern part of the state and has a temperate climate. The average annual rainfall is 1,000-1,500 millimeters. The main agricultural crops in this zone are rice, wheat, maize, pulses, and oilseeds. The main abiotic stresses in this zone are hailstorms and landslides.
  • Chhotanagpur plateau zone: This zone is located in the central part of the state and has a tropical climate. The average annual rainfall is 1,000-1,500 millimeters. The main agricultural crops in this zone are rice, wheat, maize, pulses, and oilseeds. The main abiotic stresses in this zone are droughts and floods.
  • Dry deciduous forest zone: This zone is located in the southern part of the state and has a tropical dry deciduous forest climate. The average annual rainfall is 500-1,000 millimeters. The main agricultural crops in this zone are rice, wheat, maize, pulses, and oilseeds. The main abiotic stresses in this zone are droughts and floods.
  • Savanna zone: This zone is located in the southwestern part of the state and has a tropical savanna climate. The average annual rainfall is 500-1,000 millimeters. The main agricultural crops in this zone are rice, wheat, maize, pulses, and oilseeds. The main abiotic stresses in this zone are droughts and floods.

The following are some of the frequently asked questions about the different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, rainfall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone:

  • What are the different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand?
    The different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand are:

    • Terai zone
    • Sub-Himalayan zone
    • Chhotanagpur plateau zone
    • Dry deciduous forest zone
    • Savanna zone

  • What is the rainfall pattern in Jharkhand?
    The rainfall pattern in Jharkhand is tropical. The average annual rainfall is 1,200 millimeters.

  • What are the known abiotic stresses in Jharkhand?
    The known abiotic stresses in Jharkhand are:

    • Floods
    • Droughts
    • Hailstorms
    • Landslides

  • What are the main agricultural crops in Jharkhand?
    The main agricultural crops in Jharkhand are:

    • Rice
    • Wheat
    • Maize
    • Pulses
    • Oilseeds

  1. Which of the following is not an agro-climatic zone of Jharkhand?
    (A) North Western Zone
    (B) Central Zone
    (C) South Eastern Zone
    (D) South Western Zone

  2. The average annual rainfall in the North Western Zone of Jharkhand is:
    (A) 1000-1200 mm
    (B) 1200-1500 mm
    (C) 1500-2000 mm
    (D) 2000-2500 mm

  3. The main abiotic stress in the North Western Zone of Jharkhand is:
    (A) Drought
    (B) Flood
    (C) Salinity
    (D) Waterlogging

  4. The average annual rainfall in the Central Zone of Jharkhand is:
    (A) 1000-1200 mm
    (B) 1200-1500 mm
    (C) 1500-2000 mm
    (D) 2000-2500 mm

  5. The main abiotic stress in the Central Zone of Jharkhand is:
    (A) Drought
    (B) Flood
    (C) Salinity
    (D) Waterlogging

  6. The average annual rainfall in the South Eastern Zone of Jharkhand is:
    (A) 1000-1200 mm
    (B) 1200-1500 mm
    (C) 1500-2000 mm
    (D) 2000-2500 mm

  7. The main abiotic stress in the South Eastern Zone of Jharkhand is:
    (A) Drought
    (B) Flood
    (C) Salinity
    (D) Waterlogging

  8. The average annual rainfall in the South Western Zone of Jharkhand is:
    (A) 1000-1200 mm
    (B) 1200-1500 mm
    (C) 1500-2000 mm
    (D) 2000-2500 mm

  9. The main abiotic stress in the South Western Zone of Jharkhand is:
    (A) Drought
    (B) Flood
    (C) Salinity
    (D) Waterlogging

  10. Which of the following is not a known abiotic stress in Jharkhand?
    (A) Drought
    (B) Flood
    (C) Salinity
    (D) Wind erosion