Development and conservation of common property Resources in rural areas of Karnataka
Community Toilet and Bathing Complexes
It was decided to provide Community Sanitary Complex cum Bathroom with the facility of independent continuous water supply system, electricity supply, hair dryer, dressing room and also with the facility of commode to physically handicapped and aged persons to the SC/ST families where they are concentrated ( 60% and above,) and who do not have place to construct Individual Household toilets, at a cost of Rs.30.00 lakhs per unit – 5 units in every taluk (SCP-3 /TSP-2) will be built during the FY 2017-18 and expenditure will be met out of -SCP/TSP fund.
Action taken for effective implementation of Sanitation Scheme, evaluation report and actions taken on evaluation report etc.
A baseline survey of families having individual household toilet and not having has been conduced and the details of beneficiaries identified has been uploaded in Panchatantra for information of public.
Targets have been fixed for Gram Panchayats and they have been directed to select the beneficiaries in the Grama Sabha and it is targeted to construct 12.89 lakh toilets in the year 2016-17.
The details of incentive paid to the beneficiaries is uploaded in the IMIS of Central Government for information of public.
Social Audit is being conducted to ensure that the beneficiaries have constructed toilets and using them.
With a view to make payment of incentive for construction of HILL directly to the account of beneficiaries. payment through e-FMS system has been developed and introduced in all the 30 districts and payment is being made through this system to all eligible IHHL beneficiaries.
Capacity building activities
To ensure effective implementation of SBM, training programmes are being organized for the officials of Gram Panchayats, non-official personnel like Asha workers, Anganwadi workers, NYKS volunteers, representatives of selfhelp groups, volunteers of Bharat Nirman, r elected representatives etc.
Officers/officials/Elected representatives are apprised of the implementation process through discussions/meetings via r Satcom media every month.
Workshops are organized on the implementation of SBM for the elected representatives at the level of GPs, Taluks, r and District levels.
The officials at the level of Districts are being appointed as Nodal Officers of Taluks and ent rusted with the responsibility of reviewing the progress of implementation and to achieve the target.
village grasslands in Karnataka
With the advancement in wildlife conservation, conservationists started to notice the array of animals living inside these kavals. Since Kavals have kept the natural vegetation without disturbance for centuries, they somewhat give a picture of bygone era surrounded by modern human influences. The existence of grass land Fauna like wolf, black bucks, fox etc… in these Kavals are testimony for the Health of these grasslands. But unlike many of our PA’S, these Kavals do not come under Forest department and are susceptible to development, since wildlife in these grasslands are not officially recognized. each Kaval is facing its own level of threats and problems.
There is an urgent conservation issue related to the Hesaraghatta grasslands in NW Bangalore. Of all places in Bangalore, the Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) selects possibly the last remaining Grassland to go on a tree-planting overdrive. Using bulldozers, close to 30,000 pits have been dug and most of them planted. The media coverage was helpful and possibly aided in putting a halt to the digging but almost 200 acres of prime grassland is dug and gone — unless the saplings are uprooted and the pits refilled. I visited the site on 27th August and the sight is disastrous.
The BDA and the Forest Dept. did not respond to any of our complaints. Forest Dept. is categorical that birds needs trees (“not even a sparrow exists currently”). A quick look at the attached images will indicate that prime habitat for all the wintering raptors — harriers, tawny eagles, short-eared owls, etc. — is irreversibly gone.
water bodies in Karnataka
Karnataka region was once filled with a Network of lakes, ponds and raja kaluves (canals). These Irrigation tanks (lakes) built across the region over hundreds of years have helped harvest rain water and extend water security to lakhs of people during non-rainy seasons. Besides, these lakes and ponds recharged ground water aquifers and evolved into a network of Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity rich wetland Ecosystems. The maintenance and upkeep of these lakes, and also their reverence, has been an intrinsic part of our local culture and tradition.
Bus stands, stadiums, residential layouts, shopping complexes and palatial houses now rise over several of these lakes and tank beds. Those surviving encroachment, especially in highly urbanized areas, have been reduced to cesspools due to discharge of industrial effluents, domestic sewage and unregulated dumping of solid wastes. Due to pollution and siltation, many lakes are unable to recharge groundwater; and when they do, the water is toxic. In this manner, several thousands of lakes have disappeared increasing water insecurity, and causing unimaginable hardship for lakhs of people.
There are nearly 38,000 big and small tanks still left in Karnataka. Many of them are under threat from unplanned Urbanization, encroachment, Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE-development/”>Infrastructure Development, pollution and lack of upkeep. As Climate Change threatens long periods of droughts and water scarcity, lakes will form a critical feature to conserve rainwater, and in economical and ecologically viable ways. No other mega-dam or river linking project is likely to provide water security for millions of people, and for generations to come, in the same way that lakes, ponds and wells can. It is, therefore, critical that we must enhance our efforts to ensure these lakes remain, rejuvenate and rehabilitate them to ensure health, economic and ecological security of present and futures generations.
provision of urban amenities in rural areas (pura)
Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA) is a strategy for rural development in India. This concept was given by former president Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and discussed in his book Target 3 Billion which he co-authored with Srijan Pal Singh. The genesis of PURA concept can be traced to the work done by Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute in the early 1990s on Taluka energy self-sufficiency. It was shown in the study that energy self-sufficient talukas can be a new development model for rural India in terms of creation of jobs and better amenities to its Population. PURA proposes that urban infrastructure and Services be provided in rural hubs to create economic opportunities outside of cities. Physical connectivity by providing roads, electronic connectivity by providing Communication network, and knowledge connectivity by establishing professional and Technical institutions will have to be done in an integrated way so that economic connectivity will emanate. The Indian central government has been running pilot PURA programs in several states since 2004. The Shyama Prasad Mukherjee National Rural Mission is successor to this mission.
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Common property resources (CPRs) are Natural Resources that are owned and managed by a community. They include forests, pastures, water bodies, and grazing lands. CPRs are important for the livelihoods of rural communities. They provide food, fodder, fuel, and other resources.
CPRs can be classified into two types: open access resources and regulated access resources. Open access resources are resources that are available to everyone. Regulated access resources are resources that are managed by a community.
Common property resources include forests, pastures, water bodies, grazing lands, and Fisheries-2/”>Fisheries. Forests provide timber, fuelwood, fodder, and other products. Pastures provide grazing land for Livestock. Water bodies provide water for drinking, irrigation, and other purposes. Grazing lands provide grazing land for livestock. Fisheries provide fish and other aquatic products.
Common property resources are important for the livelihoods of rural communities. They provide food, fodder, fuel, and other resources. Common property resources also play an important role in the Environment. They help to regulate the climate, prevent Soil erosion, and provide habitat for wildlife.
Common property resources are facing a number of problems, including deforestation, overgrazing, and pollution. Deforestation is the clearing of forests for other uses, such as agriculture or development. Overgrazing is the grazing of livestock on a common property resource at a rate that exceeds the carrying capacity of the resource. Pollution is the contamination of a common property resource with harmful substances.
There are a number of measures that can be taken to develop and conserve common property resources. These include:
Community-based management: Community-based management is a process in which a community takes responsibility for the management of a common property resource. This can be done through the formation of a management committee or through other means.
Participatory planning: Participatory planning is a process in which a community is involved in the planning and implementation of activities to develop and conserve a common property resource. This can be done through workshops, meetings, and other means.
Capacity building: Capacity building is the process of increasing the skills and knowledge of a community to manage a common property resource. This can be done through training, workshops, and other means.
Financial support: Financial support can be provided to communities to help them develop and conserve common property resources. This can be done through grants, loans, and other means.
Legal support: Legal support can be provided to communities to help them protect their rights to common property resources. This can be done through the provision of legal advice and representation.
Common property resources are important for the livelihoods of rural communities and the environment. There are a number of measures that can be taken to develop and conserve common property resources.
One of the most important measures is community-based management. This is when a community takes responsibility for the management of a common property resource. This can be done through the formation of a management committee or through other means. Community-based management has been shown to be effective in managing common property resources.
Another important measure is participatory planning. This is when a community is involved in the planning and implementation of activities to develop and conserve a common property resource. This can be done through workshops, meetings, and other means. Participatory planning has been shown to be effective in ensuring that the needs of the community are met.
Capacity building is also an important measure. This is the process of increasing the skills and knowledge of a community to manage a common property resource. This can be done through training, workshops, and other means. Capacity building has been shown to be effective in helping communities to manage common property resources.
Financial support can also be provided to communities to help them develop and conserve common property resources. This can be done through grants, loans, and other means. Financial support has been shown to be effective in helping communities to manage common property resources.
Legal support can also be provided to communities to help them protect their rights to common property resources. This can be done through the provision of legal advice and representation. Legal support has been shown to be effective in helping communities to protect their rights to common property resources.
In conclusion, common property resources are important for the livelihoods of rural communities and the environment. There are a number of measures that can be taken to develop and conserve common property resources. These measures include community-based management, participatory planning, capacity building, financial support, and legal support.
What are common property resources?
Common property resources (CPRs) are natural resources that are shared by a group of people. They can include forests, pastures, water bodies, and grazing lands.
Why are CPRs important?
CPRs are important because they provide a range of benefits to communities. They can provide food, water, fuel, and other resources. They can also provide livelihoods for people who depend on them.
What are the challenges of managing CPRs?
One of the biggest challenges of managing CPRs is that they are often open access resources. This means that anyone can use them, which can lead to overexploitation. Another challenge is that CPRs are often located in remote areas, which makes it difficult to manage them.
What are some successful examples of CPR management?
There are many successful examples of CPR management. One example is the management of forests in Nepal. The government of Nepal has worked with local communities to develop a system of forest management that has helped to reduce deforestation and improve the livelihoods of people who depend on forests.
What are some of the key principles of CPR management?
Some of the key principles of CPR management include:
Participation: It is important to involve all stakeholders in the management of CPRs. This includes the people who use the resources, as well as the government and other organizations.
Transparency: It is important to be transparent in the management of CPRs. This means that all stakeholders should have access to information about the resources and how they are being managed.
Accountability: It is important to hold those who manage CPRs accountable for their actions. This means that there should be a system in place to ensure that resources are being used in a sustainable way.
Equity: It is important to ensure that the benefits of CPRs are shared equitably among all stakeholders. This means that the poor and marginalized should not be excluded from the benefits of CPRs.
What are some of the challenges of implementing these principles?
One of the biggest challenges of implementing these principles is that it can be difficult to get all stakeholders to agree on how to manage CPRs. Another challenge is that it can be difficult to enforce rules and regulations.
What are some of the potential benefits of implementing these principles?
Some of the potential benefits of implementing these principles include:
Sustainable use of resources: By involving all stakeholders and being transparent and accountable, it is possible to ensure that resources are used in a sustainable way.
Improved livelihoods: By sharing the benefits of CPRs equitably, it is possible to improve the livelihoods of people who depend on them.
Reduced conflict: By involving all stakeholders and being transparent and accountable, it is possible to reduce conflict over CPRs.
What are some of the potential risks of implementing these principles?
Some of the potential risks of implementing these principles include:
Delays in decision-making: It can be difficult to get all stakeholders to agree on how to manage CPRs, which can lead to delays in decision-making.
Corruption: There is a risk of corruption if those who manage CPRs are not held accountable.
Conflict: If resources are not shared equitably, there is a risk of conflict.
Which of the following is not a common property resource? (A) Forests (B) Water bodies (C) Land (D) Mines
Which of the following is not a benefit of common property resources? (A) They provide a Source Of Income for rural communities. (B) They help to conserve biodiversity. (C) They provide a place for recreation and relaxation. (D) They can be a source of conflict between different groups of people.
Which of the following is the most important factor in the sustainable management of common property resources? (A) Effective governance (B) Strong community participation (C) Adequate funding (D) Appropriate technology
Which of the following is not a common property resource management strategy? (A) Co-management (B) Community-based management (C) State-managed (D) Private-managed
Which of the following is the most common type of common property resource management strategy in India? (A) Co-management (B) Community-based management (C) State-managed (D) Private-managed
Which of the following is not a challenge to the sustainable management of common property resources in India? (A) Overexploitation (B) Degradation (C) Conflict (D) Lack of awareness
Which of the following is the most important factor in addressing the challenges to the sustainable management of common property resources in India? (A) Raising awareness (B) Strengthening governance (C) Providing incentives (D) Enforcing regulations
Which of the following is the most effective way to raise awareness about the importance of sustainable management of common property resources? (A) Through Education and training (B) Through public awareness campaigns (C) Through community-based initiatives (D) Through government-led initiatives
Which of the following is the most effective way to strengthen governance of common property resources? (A) By devolving management responsibilities to local communities (B) By establishing effective monitoring and enforcement mechanisms (C) By providing financial and technical assistance to local communities (D) By developing and implementing appropriate policies and regulations
Which of the following is the most effective way to provide incentives for sustainable management of common property resources? (A) By providing financial incentives, such as subsidies or payments for ecosystem services (B) By providing technical assistance, such as training and support for community-based management initiatives (C) By providing access to markets, such as through fair trade initiatives (D) By providing legal recognition and protection for common property rights