<–2/”>a >Indus valley is an example of great civilisation flourishing in the pre vedic era. The civilisation marks the zenith in terms of art, architecture and culture. Its magnanimous architecture depicts the vibrant social and culture life.
Social life: Cities were divided into two parts. One was citadel (for the nobles) and the other part was common city depicting the hierarchy in the social milieu. There was strong sense of fashion including cosmetics and jewellery and it was common for both men and Women. Various household articles made of Pottery, stone, shells, ivory and Metal have been found at Mohenjodaro. Spindles, needles, combs, fish hooks, knives are made of copper. Children’s toys include little clay carts. Marbles, balls and dice were used for games.
Mother earth was worshipped as Goddess. Nature worshipping was prevalent with people believing in ghosts and spirits. Amulets were used to cast away bad spirits. Pashupati seal resembles the lord shiva of Vedic era. Absence of temples is there.
Economic life: There was a great progress in all spheres of economic activity such as agriculture, Industry and crafts and trade. Indus valley was both agrarian and economy/”>Industrial Economy. Specialized groups of artisans include goldsmiths, brickmakers, stone cutters, weavers, boat-builders and terracotta manufacturers. Bronze and copper vessels are the outstanding examples of the Harappan metal craft.
Internal trade was extensive with other parts of India. Foreign Trade of barter type was mainly conducted with Mesopotamia, Afghanistan and Iran. Presence of seal in Mesopotamia testify the trade links. Trade was of the barter type.
Above characteristics clearly proves that the socio-economic condition was highly vibrant and dynamic of Indus valley and was way ahead of its times and it left a strong mark in world history.
Note: Students may upload their answers of type their querries below or contact the program cordinator at shresth@pscnotes.com,
The Harappan civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley from 3300 to 1300 BCE. It was one of the most advanced civilizations of its time, with a sophisticated urban culture, a complex system of writing, and a well-developed economy.
The Harappan economy was based on agriculture, with wheat and barley being the main crops. The Harappans also raised cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. They traded with other civilizations in the region, including Mesopotamia and Persia. Harappan merchants traded in a variety of goods, including textiles, metals, and precious stones.
The Harappans were skilled craftsmen, and they produced a variety of goods, including pottery, jewelry, and tools. They were also skilled in the arts, and they produced beautiful sculptures, paintings, and seals.
The Harappans had a complex social structure, with a ruling class, a middle class, and a lower class. The ruling class consisted of priests, nobles, and merchants. The middle class consisted of artisans, farmers, and traders. The lower class consisted of laborers and servants.
The Harappans were polytheistic, and they worshipped a variety of gods and goddesses. They believed in an afterlife, and they practiced cremation.
The Harappan family was nuclear, with a father, mother, and children. The father was the head of the household, and he had authority over his wife and children. The mother was responsible for raising the children and managing the household.
The Harappan government was a Monarchy, with a king at the head of the state. The king was assisted by a council of ministers. The Harappans had a well-developed system of law and order.
The Harappans had a rich culture, with a strong tradition of art, architecture, and writing. They were the first people in the world to develop a system of writing, known as Harappan script. Harappan script is still not fully understood, but it is believed to have been used for administrative purposes.
The Harappan civilization came to an end around 1300 BCE, for reasons that are still not fully understood. Some possible causes include Climate change, invasion, or internal conflict.
The Harappan civilization was a remarkable achievement for its time. It was one of the most advanced civilizations in the world, with a sophisticated urban culture, a complex system of writing, and a well-developed economy. The Harappans made significant contributions to the fields of art, architecture, and writing. Their civilization left a lasting legacy on the region, and their culture continues to influence the people of South Asia today.
Here are some additional details about the Harappan civilization:
- The Harappans were the first people in the world to develop a system of urban planning. Their cities were laid out in a grid pattern, with wide streets and well-planned Drainage Systems.
- The Harappans were also the first people in the world to develop a system of standardized weights and measures. This system was used throughout the Indus Valley region, and it helped to facilitate trade.
- The Harappans were skilled in the arts, and they produced beautiful sculptures, paintings, and seals. Their art often depicted animals, Plants, and geometric patterns.
- The Harappans were also skilled in the sciences, and they had a sophisticated understanding of mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.
- The Harappan civilization came to an end around 1300 BCE, for reasons that are still not fully understood. Some possible causes include Climate Change, invasion, or internal conflict.
Despite its relatively short lifespan, the Harappan civilization left a lasting legacy on the region. Their culture continues to influence the people of South Asia today.
The Harappan civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley from 3300 to 1300 BCE. It was one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations, and its people were skilled in agriculture, trade, and manufacturing.
The Harappan civilization was divided into two main Social Classes: the elite and the commoners. The elite lived in large cities, while the commoners lived in smaller villages. The elite were wealthy and powerful, while the commoners were poor and had little social status.
The Harappan economy was based on agriculture. The people of the Harappan civilization grew a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, rice, and Cotton. They also raised Livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The Harappans were also skilled in trade. They traded with other civilizations in the Indus Valley, as well as with civilizations in Mesopotamia and Central Asia.
The Harappan civilization was a sophisticated Society with a complex culture. The people of the Harappan civilization had a written language, and they built large cities with well-planned streets and drainage systems. They also made a variety of pottery, tools, and jewelry.
The Harappan civilization declined around 1300 BCE. The reasons for its decline are not fully understood, but it may have been due to a combination of factors, such as climate change, warfare, or internal strife.
Here are some frequently asked questions about the Harappan civilization:
What was the Harappan civilization?
The Harappan civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley from 3300 to 1300 BCE. It was one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations, and its people were skilled in agriculture, trade, and manufacturing.Where was the Harappan civilization located?
The Harappan civilization was located in the Indus Valley, which is now part of Pakistan and India.What were the main features of the Harappan civilization?
The main features of the Harappan civilization included its urban centers, its well-developed system of agriculture, its sophisticated system of trade, and its complex culture.What was the social structure of the Harappan civilization?
The social structure of the Harappan civilization was divided into two main classes: the elite and the commoners. The elite lived in large cities, while the commoners lived in smaller villages. The elite were wealthy and powerful, while the commoners were poor and had little social status.What was the economy of the Harappan civilization based on?
The economy of the Harappan civilization was based on agriculture. The people of the Harappan civilization grew a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, rice, and cotton. They also raised livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The Harappans were also skilled in trade. They traded with other civilizations in the Indus Valley, as well as with civilizations in Mesopotamia and Central Asia.What was the culture of the Harappan civilization like?
The culture of the Harappan civilization was sophisticated and complex. The people of the Harappan civilization had a written language, and they built large cities with well-planned streets and drainage systems. They also made a variety of pottery, tools, and jewelry.Why did the Harappan civilization decline?
The Harappan civilization declined around 1300 BCE. The reasons for its decline are not fully understood, but it may have been due to a combination of factors, such as climate change, warfare, or internal strife.
The Harappan civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley from 3300 to 1300 BCE. It was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world, and its people were skilled in agriculture, trade, and manufacturing.
The Harappan civilization was divided into two major regions: the Indus Valley proper, which is located in modern-day Pakistan, and the Ganges Valley, which is located in modern-day India. The Indus Valley region was more urbanized than the Ganges Valley region, and it was home to the largest cities of the Harappan civilization.
The Harappan people were skilled farmers, and they grew a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, rice, and cotton. They also raised livestock, including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. The Harappan people were also skilled traders, and they traded with other civilizations in Mesopotamia, Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.
The Harappan people were also skilled craftsmen, and they made a variety of goods, including pottery, jewelry, and tools. They also built impressive buildings, including palaces, temples, and granaries.
The Harappan civilization declined around 1300 BCE, and its people disappeared from history. The reasons for the decline of the Harappan civilization are not fully understood, but it is likely that a combination of factors, including climate change, warfare, and disease, contributed to its downfall.
Here are some MCQs about the socio-economic condition of the Harappan civilization:
The Harappan civilization was located in:
(A) Mesopotamia
(B) The Indus Valley
(C) The Ganges Valley
(D) ChinaThe Harappan civilization was an urban civilization, meaning that:
(A) Its people lived in small villages
(B) Its people lived in large cities
(C) Its people lived in both small villages and large cities
(D) Its people lived in nomadic tribesThe Harappan people were skilled farmers, and they grew a variety of crops, including:
(A) Wheat
(B) Barley
(C) Rice
(D) All of the aboveThe Harappan people were also skilled traders, and they traded with other civilizations in:
(A) Mesopotamia
(B) Central Asia
(C) The Arabian Peninsula
(D) All of the aboveThe Harappan people were also skilled craftsmen, and they made a variety of goods, including:
(A) Pottery
(B) Jewelry
(C) Tools
(D) All of the aboveThe Harappan civilization declined around 1300 BCE, and its people disappeared from history. The reasons for the decline of the Harappan civilization are not fully understood, but it is likely that a combination of factors, including:
(A) Climate change
(B) Warfare
(C) Disease
(D) All of the above