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Folk Paintings or Paitkar or SCROLL PAINTING
These are one of the oldest tribal paintings in India and due to their appearance they are also called scroll paintings. Artisans from the Paitkar community use natural colour and vermillion to paint on soiled or used papers. The hair of a goat or the help of a needle is taken to apply the colour. The essence of these paintings is found in the Garuda Purana. Rapidly extincting community of folk painters of the state known as ?Paitkar‘ make scroll painting. Mainly they illustrate the primitive concept of “life after death”.
Jadopatia Paintings
These are generally practised by the Santhals in which the artisans make scrolls called Jado or Jadopatia and are drawn with natural inks and colours. They are used as visual aids in storytelling and are said to have magical and healing powers. They depict scenes of afterlife and the Santhal belief of tiger God etc.
Sohrai Art
This is generally practiced by the Women of farming communities and is a rural art form called Sohrai. They are mural paintings depicting the harvest festival in autumn and are considered to bring good luck. They are painted with red, black, white and yellow earth and large images are painted on the walls with twigs and thin sticks depicting pictures of animals like bulls, horses, wild animals and horned deities.
Kohver Art
This is also practised by the women of the farming community depicting the marriage season. They are generally carried out in the walls of the bridal chamber and the walls of the wedding house. Designs are cut with fingers exposing black patterns on white or with bits of combs. Over an undercoat of black earth a layer of wet Dudhi mitti or cream coloured earth is painted. This technique of comb cutting is similar to the‘ Sgraffito‘ technique of Greece and the incised Pottery technique found in Iran and the Indus valley. These paintings are considered to bring good luck.
It is a Metal craft or brass work done by the Malhore caste and the artisans make use of the ? lost wax technique‘ by using resin, wax and firewood from the forests and clay from the riverbed and with the help of a firing oven in a hole dug in the ground they craft their artwork.
Ganju Art
This art is drawn in large murals with images of Plants, birds and animals and sometimes endangered animals are depicted in the pictures in story tradition form.
Rana, Teli and Prajapati Art
This art is practised by the three sub castes using filigree work with plant and animal fertility forms using Pashupathi (Lord Shiva) representing the God of Animals and colourful floral motifs.
Kurmi Art
Lord Shiva or Pashupathi on the back of a bull is the horned deity depicted here and glyptic art is used to represent plants on the floors and walls of the Kurmi tribe. A wooden compass is used to etch the segmented lotus and drawings are scratched on the walls with nails.
Mundas Art
Plant forms of deities and unique motifs like the rainbow snake are painted on the wet, soft earth using fingers and the mud collected from rock art sites is lavender gray along with ochre mud.
Turi art
Natural earthy colours of floral and jungle based motifs are painted on the walls of the homes.
Birhor and Bhuiya Art
These depict mandalas or authentic graphic forms with stars, crescents, rectangles, concentric circles etc drawn with fingers.
Ghatwal art
They depict paintings of animals along with their dwellings in the forest.
CHHOU MASK
The mask made of Papier machei in Singhbhum has its own significance. Paper machei of Kashmir is famous for house wares and decorative items with delicate painting and papier machei of Madras is well known for large size sculpted images. The papier machei of Saraikela and Charinda is popular for the mask for Chhou Dance. The methods and materials are separate from each other.
WOODEN WORK
The Jharkhand region was also known as Jungle Mahal because of its dense forest which is inherent. The forest is rich with quality wood and the wood is used for producing the equipment required in housing, farming, fishing etc. for survival. The artisans of some villages went a step ahead and have explored creativity as well in their art, like beautifully decorative door panels, toys, boxes, and other household articles. Chhuthar, the carpenter community is engaged in this trade. Others are also skilled in this trade.
BAMBOO WORKS
The bamboo found in this thick forest is of a special quality. These bamboos are thin but strong and flexible. The artisan of Jharkhand use these bamboos in different artifacts like, basket, hauting & fishing equipments. Besides the Mahlis, Kharia‘s in some villages have taken this trade for their survival. Particularly, the fishing cage made by the Kharias are excellent.
POTTERY
Broken pieces of potteries are found in the bank of Subernarekha in Dulmi are of good quality with design and painting on it, reveals its trend.
WEAVING
The community surviving in jungle by fishing and hunting has a high quality of weaving skill, eg. dress materials and nets for hunting and fishing are very intricate with fascinating patterns. Still these weavers, called Tanti, make typically designed dress for Santhal.
ORNAMENT
Tribals are very fond of ornaments all over the world. So the tribal of this area inherently use various types of ornaments; like the ornaments made of bead, precious stones metals like gold and silver. Design is very simple like their art. Moal a rounded pipe of silver on feed, flats waste girt, spiral silver wires on wrist and arm, wide
variety of necklace, ear ring etc
WEAPON
In the area weapon art is not much conventional but very common and similar to the primitive people. The black smiths produce all required tools and weapons for griculture and safety.
RITUALLISTIC OFFERINGS
The people of this area are totemic so they use several ritualistic offerings like clay made horse, elephants etc. to pacity their village gods and goddesses.
STONE CARVING
Even a few years back the tradition of stone carving was alive. Some families who were well skilled are not showing up any more, only few artisans are seen in the state.
METAL WORK
Besides agricultural implements, hunting tools and weapons are the product by the blacksmith. The Malhar and Thentri communities are expertise in metal casting, mainly producing house wares. Malhar are nomadic but the Thentris are settle amidst the tribes in the state.
Other specific folk Art Forms are as follows:-
body painting (tatoo),
stone cutting,
bull painting (during Bandna)
folk painting fresco,
sculpting horse, elephant etc. are used for the ritual purpose.
Also they used to craft some totemic images in the wood.
Decoration of wall is very common art.
The methods and materials used are traditional and handed down in the families, gene ration after generation and still persist with little alteration. It is unsophisticated of even rough hewn, often with bold colours. The quality of freshness, spontaneity, sincerity and simplicity of their art are appreciable. The type of decorative designs has characteristic of new Stone Age or Neolithic. It is quite clear through study of primitive art that there are some principles of form and decoration which are universal. The patterns become very schematic and are more geometrical.
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Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It is home to a diverse range of cultures, including the Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Ho, and Kharia peoples. The state’s cultural heritage is rich and vibrant, and is expressed through a variety of art forms, including music, dance, literature, and festivals.
Art and architecture
The rock art of Jharkhand is one of the most well-known examples of the state’s cultural heritage. The art, which dates back to the Mesolithic period, is found in caves and rock shelters throughout the state. The paintings depict a variety of scenes, including hunting, dancing, and religious ceremonies.
Jharkhand is also home to a number of temples, which are important centers of religious and cultural activity. The temples are built in a variety of architectural styles, including the Nagara, Dravidian, and Indo-Aryan styles. The temples are decorated with intricate carvings and sculptures, which depict scenes from Hindu mythology.
The houses of Jharkhand are also an important part of the state’s cultural heritage. The houses are typically made of mud, brick, or stone, and are often decorated with intricate woodcarvings. The houses are built in a variety of styles, depending on the region of the state.
Music and dance
Jharkhandi Folk Music is a vibrant and lively tradition. The music is typically played on a variety of instruments, including the dhol, the mridang, and the bansuri. The music is often accompanied by singing and dancing.
Jharkhandi folk dance is also a vibrant and lively tradition. The dances are typically performed in a circle, and often involve complex steps and movements. The dances are often accompanied by music and singing.
Literature
Jharkhandi literature is a rich and diverse tradition. The literature includes poetry, fiction, and drama. The literature often deals with themes of social Justice, environmentalism, and the struggle for tribal rights.
Festivals
Jharkhand is home to a number of festivals, which are important celebrations of the state’s cultural heritage. The festivals include Sarhul, Karma, and Jatra.
Sarhul is a festival that celebrates the arrival of spring. The festival is celebrated by the Santhal people, and is marked by dancing, singing, and feasting.
Karma is a festival that celebrates the harvest. The festival is celebrated by the Munda people, and is marked by dancing, singing, and feasting.
Jatra is a festival that celebrates the victory of good over evil. The festival is celebrated by the Oraon people, and is marked by dancing, singing, and feasting.
Crafts
Jharkhand is home to a number of crafts, which are important expressions of the state’s cultural heritage. The crafts include basketry, textile, metalwork, woodwork, and stonework.
Basketry is a traditional craft that is practiced by the Santhal people. The baskets are made from a variety of materials, including bamboo, jute, and cane. The baskets are used for a variety of purposes, including carrying food, water, and firewood.
Textile is another traditional craft that is practiced by the Santhal people. The textiles are made from a variety of materials, including Cotton, silk, and wool. The textiles are used for a variety of purposes, including clothing, bedding, and curtains.
Metalwork is a traditional craft that is practiced by the Munda people. The metalwork includes a variety of items, such as jewelry, utensils, and weapons. The metalwork is often decorated with intricate designs.
Woodwork is another traditional craft that is practiced by the Munda people. The woodwork includes a variety of items, such as furniture, utensils, and weapons. The woodwork is often decorated with intricate designs.
Stonework is a traditional craft that is practiced by the Oraon people. The stonework includes a variety of items, such as sculptures, jewelry, and weapons. The stonework is often decorated with intricate designs.
The cultural heritage of Jharkhand is rich and vibrant. The state’s art, music, dance, literature, festivals, and crafts are all important expressions of the state’s unique culture.
What is the cultural art of Jharkhand?
The cultural art of Jharkhand is a diverse and vibrant mix of traditions from the many different ethnic groups that live in the state. Some of the most well-known forms of cultural art from Jharkhand include:
- Sarnaism: Sarnaism is the traditional religion of the Munda people, and it is one of the oldest religions in India. Sarnaism is a nature-based religion, and it emphasizes the importance of living in harmony with nature.
- Music: Music is an important part of Jharkhandi culture, and there are many different styles of music that are popular in the state. Some of the most popular styles of music include:
- Jhumar: Jhumar is a type of folk dance that is popular in the Santhal region of Jharkhand. Jhumar is a lively and energetic dance that is often performed at weddings and other celebrations.
- Chaita: Chaitra is a type of folk music that is popular in the Bhojpuri region of Jharkhand. Chaitra is a romantic and lyrical style of music that is often performed at weddings and other special occasions.
- Dance: Dance is another important part of Jharkhandi culture, and there are many different styles of dance that are popular in the state. Some of the most popular styles of dance include:
- Karma: Karma is a type of folk dance that is popular in the Santhal region of Jharkhand. Karma is a lively and energetic dance that is often performed at weddings and other celebrations.
- Chhau/”>Chhau: Chhau is a type of classical dance that is popular in the Seraikela-Kharsawan district of Jharkhand. Chhau is a dramatic and stylized dance that is often performed at religious festivals.
- Art: Art is also an important part of Jharkhandi culture, and there are many different styles of art that are popular in the state. Some of the most popular styles of art include:
- Mural painting: Mural painting is a popular form of art in Jharkhand, and there are many beautiful murals that can be found in villages and towns throughout the state. Mural paintings often depict scenes from daily life or religious stories.
- Wood carving: Wood carving is another popular form of art in Jharkhand, and there are many skilled wood carvers in the state. Wood carvings often depict animals, birds, or religious symbols.
What are some of the most famous cultural artists from Jharkhand?
Some of the most famous cultural artists from Jharkhand include:
- Birsa Munda: Birsa Munda was a tribal leader who led a rebellion against the British in the late 19th century. Birsa Munda is considered a national hero in India, and he is often referred to as the “Jharkhandi Robin Hood.”
- Ram Dayal Munda: Ram Dayal Munda was a writer and poet who wrote extensively about the culture and history of Jharkhand. Ram Dayal Munda is considered one of the most important figures in Jharkhandi literature, and his work has been translated into many languages.
- Baiju Banstola: Baiju Banstola is a singer and musician who is known for his performances of traditional Jharkhandi music. Baiju Banstola has won numerous Awards for his music, and he is considered one of the most talented musicians in Jharkhand.
- Shilpi Raj: Shilpi Raj is a singer and songwriter who is known for her performances of contemporary Jharkhandi music. Shilpi Raj has won numerous awards for her music, and she is considered one of the most popular singers in Jharkhand.
What are some of the most important cultural events in Jharkhand?
Some of the most important cultural events in Jharkhand include:
- Jharkhand Day: Jharkhand Day is a public holiday that is celebrated on November 15th each year. Jharkhand Day commemorates the formation of the state of Jharkhand in 2000.
- Sarhul: Sarhul is a tribal festival that is celebrated by the Munda people. Sarhul is a festival of spring, and it is a time to celebrate the arrival of the new season.
- Karma: Karma is a tribal dance that is popular among the Santhal people. Karma is a lively and energetic dance that is often performed at weddings and other celebrations.
- Chhau: Chhau is a classical dance that is popular in the Seraikela-Kharsawan district of Jharkhand. Chhau is a dramatic and stylized dance that is often performed at religious festivals.
What are some of the challenges facing the cultural art of Jharkhand?
The cultural art of Jharkhand is facing a number of challenges, including:
- The loss of traditional knowledge: Many traditional forms of art and culture are being lost as younger generations move away from rural areas and adopt more modern lifestyles.
- **The lack
Sure, here are some MCQs on the topics of Jharkhand, India, and culture:
- Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. True or False?
- The capital of Jharkhand is Ranchi. True or False?
- The Official Language of Jharkhand is Hindi. True or False?
- The majority religion in Jharkhand is Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism. True or False?
- Jharkhand is home to a diverse range of cultures. True or False?
- Some of the most popular cultural festivals in Jharkhand include the Sohrai festival, the Karma festival, and the Sarhul festival. True or False?
- The Sohrai festival is a harvest festival celebrated by the Munda people. True or False?
- The Karma festival is a tribal festival celebrated by the Oraon people. True or False?
- The Sarhul festival is a spring festival celebrated by the Santhal people. True or False?
- Jharkhand is a beautiful and culturally rich state. True or False?
Answers:
1. True
2. True
3. False. The official language of Jharkhand is Hindi and Mundari.
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. True
10. True