Conventional and Non Conventional Sources of Energy

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Conventional and Non Conventional Sources of Energy

Main Sources of Energy:

The sources of energy are of following types:

  1. Conventional Sources of Energy:

These sources of energy are also called non renewable sources. These sources of energy are in limited quantity except hydro-electric power.

(a) Coal and Lignite:

Coal is the major Source Of Energy. Coal deposits in India are 148790 million tonnes. Total lignite reserves found at Neyveli are 3300 million tonnes. In 1950-51, annual production of coal was 32 million tonnes. In 2005-06, annual production of coal was 343 million tonnes.

Lignite production was 20.44 million tonnes in 2005-06. According to an estimate, coal reserves in India would last about 130 years. India is now the fourth largest coal producing country in the world. Coal deposits are mainly found in Orissa, Bihar, Bengal and Madhya Pradesh. It provides EMPLOYMENT to 7 lakh workers.

(b) Oil and Natural Gas:

In India it is found in upper Assam, Mumbai High and in Gujarat. The Resources of oil are small in India.

In 1950-51, the total production of oil in India was 0.3 million tonnes. It increased to 32.4 million tonnes in 2000-01. Despite tremendous increase in oil production.India still imports 70% of has oil requirements from abroad. In 1951, there was only one oil refinery in Assam.

After independence 13 such refineries were set up in public sector and their refining capacity was 604 lakh tonnes. After implementation of Economic Reforms, private refineries are also engaged in oil refining. As per current rate of consumption, oil reserves in India may last about 20 to 25 years.

Electricity

There are three main sources of power generation:

  1. Thermal Power
  2. Hydro-electric power
  3. Nuclear Power
  4. Thermal Power:

It is generated in India at various power stations with the help of coal and oil. It has been a major source of electric power. In 2004-05, its share in total installed capacity was 70 percent.

  1. Hydro electric Power:

It is produced by constructing Dams over overflowing rivers. For example BhakraNangal Project, Damodor Valley Project and Hirakund Project etc. In 1950-51, installed capacity of hydro-electricity was 587.4 MW and in 2004-05, it was 19600 MW.

  1. Nuclear Power:

India has also developed nuclear power. Nuclear Power Plants use uranium as fuel. This fuel is cheaper than coal. India has nuclear power plants at Tarapur, Kota (Rajasthan) Kalapakam (Chennai) Naroura (UP). Its supply accounts for only 3 percent of the total installed capacity.

POWER FROM NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY

India is one of the fastest growing countries in terms of energy consumption. Currently, it is the fifth largest consumer of energy in the world, and will be the third largest by 2030. At the same time; the country is heavily dependent on fossil sources of energy for most of its demand. This has necessitated the country to start aggressively pursuing alternative energy sources – solar, wind, biofuels, small hydro and more.

  1. Wind Energy

India‘s wind power potential has been assessed at 48500 MW. The current technical potential is estimated at about 13 000 MW, assuming 20% grid penetration, which would increase with the augmentation of grid capacity in potential states. The state-wise gross and technical potentials are given below India is implementing the world’s largest wind resource assessment program comprising wind monitoring, wind mapping and complex terrain projects.

  1. Hydro Energy

Hydro Power is the largest RENEWABLE ENERGY resource being used for the generation of electricity. The 50,000 MW hydro initiatives have been already launched and are being vigorously pursued with DPRs for projects of 33,000 MW capacity already under preparation. Harnessing hydro potential speedily will also facilitate Economic Development of States, particularly North-Eastern States, Sikkim, Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh and J&K, since a large proportion of our hydro power potential islocated in these States. In India, hydro power projects with a station capacity of up to 25 megawatt (MW) each fall under the category of small hydro power (SHP).

  1. Solar Energy

India is a solar rich country. India is a country near the equator – which means that given its geographical location, it is subject to a large amount of solar radiation throughout the year. India is also, according to area, the 7th largest country in the world.

The Average solar radiation received by most parts of India range from about 4 to 7 kilowatt hours per meter square per day, with about 250-300 sunny days in a year. As can be seen from the solar radiation map above, the highest annual solar radiation is received by Rajasthan (desert area) and the lowest by the North eastern states of India.

  1. Biomass/”>Biomass energy

Globally, India is in the fourth position in generating power through biomass and with a huge potential, is poised to become a world leader in the utilization of biomass. Biomass power projects with an aggregate capacity of 773.3 MW through over 100 projects have been installed in the country. For the last 15 years, biomass power has become an Industry attracting annual Investment of over Rs. 1,000 billion, generating more than 09 billion unit of electricity per year. More than 540 million tons of crop and plantation residues are produced every year in India and a large portion is either wasted, or used inefficiently.

  1. E) Energy from Wastes: The rising piles of garbage in urban areas caused by rapid Urbanization and industrialization throughout India represent another source of nonconventional energy. An estimated 50 million tones of solid waste and approximately 6,000 million cubic meters of liquid waste are generated annually in the urban areas of India. Good potential exists for generating approximately 2,600 MW of power from urban and municipal wastes and approximately 1,300 MW from industrial wastes in India. A total of 48 projects with aggregate capacity of about 69.62 MWeq have been installed in the country thereby utilising only 1.8% of the potential that exists.
  2. F) Biofuels: The GOI recently mandated the blending of 10 percent fuel ethanol in 90 percent gasoline. This mandate as created an approximately 3.6 billionliter demand for fuel ethanol in blend mandate to the entire country. This significant demand Growth creates a tremendous manufacturing opportunity for the fuel ethanol industry seeking to expand its investments internationally

 

 

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Energy is essential to modern life. We use it to power our homes, businesses, and transportation systems. We also use it to produce goods and Services. The sources of energy that we use can be divided into two categories: conventional and non-conventional.

Conventional sources of energy are those that have been used for centuries, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These sources are non-renewable, meaning that they cannot be replaced once they are used up. They are also a major source of pollution.

Non-conventional sources of energy are those that have been developed more recently, such as solar, wind, and hydropower. These sources are renewable, meaning that they can be replenished naturally. They are also much cleaner than conventional sources of energy.

The world is facing a growing Energy Crisis. As the Population continues to grow, so does the demand for energy. This is putting a strain on our planet’s resources and contributing to Climate change. We need to find ways to reduce our reliance on conventional sources of energy and switch to more sustainable alternatives.

One way to do this is to invest in renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are becoming more affordable and efficient all the time. They also have the potential to create jobs and boost the economy.

Another way to reduce our reliance on conventional energy sources is to improve Energy Efficiency. We can do this by making our homes and businesses more energy-efficient. We can also choose to drive more fuel-efficient cars.

The energy crisis is a serious problem, but it is one that we can solve. By investing in renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency, we can create a more sustainable future for our planet.

Conventional Sources of Energy

Conventional sources of energy are those that have been used for centuries. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. These sources are non-renewable, meaning that they cannot be replaced once they are used up. They are also a major source of pollution.

Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals. It is a major source of electricity in many countries. However, coal is a dirty fuel that releases harmful pollutants into the air.

Oil is a fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient Marine Organisms. It is a major source of transportation fuel. However, oil is a non-renewable resource that is becoming increasingly scarce.

Natural gas is a fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals. It is a cleaner-burning fuel than coal or oil. However, natural gas is also a non-renewable resource.

Non-Conventional Sources of Energy

Non-conventional sources of energy are those that have been developed more recently. They include solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, biomass, and ocean energy. These sources are renewable, meaning that they can be replenished naturally. They are also much cleaner than conventional sources of energy.

Solar energy is the energy that comes from the sun. It can be used to generate electricity, heat water, and power homes and businesses. Solar energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that has the potential to meet a significant portion of our world’s energy needs.

Wind energy is the energy that comes from the wind. It can be used to generate electricity, power homes and businesses, and pump water. Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that has the potential to meet a significant portion of our world’s energy needs.

Hydropower is the energy that comes from moving water. It can be used to generate electricity, power homes and businesses, and irrigate crops. Hydropower is a clean and renewable source of energy that has the potential to meet a significant portion of our world’s energy needs.

Geothermal Energy is the energy that comes from the heat within the Earth. It can be used to generate electricity, heat homes and businesses, and provide hot water. Geothermal energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that has the potential to meet a significant portion of our world’s energy needs.

Biomass energy is the energy that comes from living things. It can be used to generate electricity, heat homes and businesses, and produce transportation fuel. Biomass energy is a renewable source of energy that can help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.

Ocean energy is the energy that comes from the ocean. It can be used to generate electricity, power homes and businesses, and desalinate water. Ocean energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that has the potential to meet a significant portion of our world’s energy needs.

The Future of Energy

The future of energy is renewable. Renewable energy sources are becoming more affordable and efficient all the time. They also have the potential to create jobs and boost the economy.

We need to invest in renewable energy sources and improve energy efficiency. We can do this by making our homes and businesses more energy-efficient. We

What is energy?

Energy is the ability to do work. It is a fundamental part of the universe and is essential for all life.

What are the different types of energy?

There are many different types of energy, including:

  • Kinetic energy: The energy of motion.
  • Potential energy: The energy stored in an object due to its position or state.
  • Chemical energy: The energy stored in the Bonds between atoms.
  • Nuclear Energy: The energy released when the nucleus of an atom splits or fuses.
  • Electromagnetic energy: The energy of Light, heat, and other forms of radiation.
  • Mechanical energy: The energy of motion and position.
  • Thermal energy: The energy of heat.
  • Sound energy: The energy of sound waves.
  • Electrical energy: The energy of electricity.
  • Magnetic energy: The energy of magnets.
  • Gravitational energy: The energy of gravity.

What are the different sources of energy?

There are many different sources of energy, including:

  • Renewable energy sources: Sources of energy that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, and hydropower.
  • Non-renewable energy sources: Sources of energy that are not naturally replenished, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas).
  • Nuclear energy: A source of energy that is produced by splitting or fusing the nuclei of atoms.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of different types of energy?

Each type of energy has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the advantages of renewable energy sources include:

  • They are sustainable, meaning they will never run out.
  • They do not produce greenhouse gases, which contribute to Climate Change.
  • They can help to reduce our reliance on imported energy.

Some of the disadvantages of renewable energy sources include:

  • They can be intermittent, meaning they do not always produce energy when it is needed.
  • They can be expensive to install and maintain.
  • They may not be suitable for all locations.

Some of the advantages of non-renewable energy sources include:

  • They are abundant and relatively inexpensive.
  • They are reliable and can be stored easily.
  • They have been used for centuries and are well-understood.

Some of the disadvantages of non-renewable energy sources include:

  • They produce greenhouse gases, which contribute to climate change.
  • They are non-sustainable and will eventually run out.
  • They can be expensive to extract and transport.
  • They can have a negative impact on the Environment.

Some of the advantages of nuclear energy include:

  • It is a reliable source of energy that can provide baseload power.
  • It does not produce greenhouse gases.
  • It is a relatively safe form of energy.

Some of the disadvantages of nuclear energy include:

  • It is a non-renewable source of energy.
  • It produces radioactive waste.
  • There is a risk of accidents.

What is the future of energy?

The future of energy is uncertain. It is likely that a mix of different energy sources will be used in the future, as each type of energy has its own advantages and disadvantages. Renewable energy sources are likely to become more important in the future, as they are sustainable and do not produce greenhouse gases. However, non-renewable energy sources are likely to continue to be used, as they are abundant and relatively inexpensive. Nuclear energy is also likely to play a role in the future, as it is a reliable source of energy that does not produce greenhouse gases.

Question 1

Which of the following is a conventional source of energy?

(A) Solar energy
(B) Wind energy
(C) Nuclear energy
(D) Hydroelectric energy

Answer
(C) Nuclear energy is a conventional source of energy.

Question 2

Which of the following is a non-conventional source of energy?

(A) Coal
(B) Oil
(C) Natural gas
(D) Solar energy

Answer
(D) Solar energy is a non-conventional source of energy.

Question 3

Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?

(A) Coal
(B) Oil
(C) Natural gas
(D) Solar energy

Answer
(D) Solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

Question 4

Which of the following is a non-renewable source of energy?

(A) Coal
(B) Oil
(C) Natural gas
(D) Solar energy

Answer
(A) Coal is a non-renewable source of energy.

Question 5

Which of the following is a fossil fuel?

(A) Coal
(B) Oil
(C) Natural gas
(D) Solar energy

Answer
(A), (B), and (C) are fossil fuels.

Question 6

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Methane
(C) Nitrous oxide
(D) All of the above

Answer
(D) All of the above are greenhouse gases.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major cause of climate change?

(A) The burning of fossil fuels
(B) Deforestation
(C) agriculture
(D) All of the above

Answer
(D) All of the above are major Causes of Climate Change.

Question 8

What is the Kyoto Protocol?

(A) An international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
(B) A treaty to ban nuclear weapons
(C) A treaty to protect the ozone layer
(D) A treaty to regulate trade in endangered species

Answer
(A) The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Question 9

What is the Paris Agreement?

(A) An international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
(B) A treaty to ban nuclear weapons
(C) A treaty to protect the ozone layer
(D) A treaty to regulate trade in endangered species

Answer
(A) The Paris Agreement is an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Question 10

What is the goal of the Paris Agreement?

(A) To limit Global Warming to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels
(B) To limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels
(C) To increase the use of renewable energy sources
(D) To reduce deforestation

Answer
(A) The goal of the Paris Agreement is to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

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