Convention On The Conservation Of Migratory Species (Cms)

The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, is an international treaty that aims to conserve migratory animals and their habitats. The CMS was adopted in Bonn, Germany, on 23 June 1979 and entered into force on 1 November 1983. As of 2023, there are 188 Parties to the CMS.

The CMS covers all migratory animals, including birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates. The CMS does not cover marine mammals, which are covered by the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling.

The CMS works to conserve migratory animals through a variety of means, including:

Listing migratory species on Appendix I or II of the Convention
Developing and implementing conservation plans for migratory species
Promoting cooperation between Parties to the Convention
Raising awareness about migratory animals and the threats they face

The CMS has been successful in conserving a number of migratory species, including the black stork, the saiga antelope, and the Siberian crane. However, many migratory species are still threatened by habitat loss, hunting, and other human activities. The CMS continues to work to conserve these species and their habitats.

The CMS is a unique and important international treaty that is working to conserve migratory animals and their habitats. The CMS has been successful in conserving a number of migratory species, and it continues to work to conserve these species and their habitats.

The following are the sub topics of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS):

Introduction
Objectives
Scope
Definitions
Obligations of the Parties
Conference of the Parties
Secretariat
Financial provisions
Dispute settlement
Amendments
Reservations
Entry into force
Denunciation
Depositary
Annexes
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendices IV and V
Resolutions
Decisions
Recommendations
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, is an international treaty that aims to conserve migratory animals and their habitats. The CMS was adopted in Bonn, Germany, on 23 June 1979 and entered into force on 1 November 1983. As of 2023, there are 188 Parties to the CMS.

The CMS works to conserve migratory animals through a variety of means, including:

Listing migratory species on Appendix I or II of the Convention
Developing and implementing conservation plans for migratory species
Promoting cooperation between Parties to the Convention
Raising awareness about migratory animals and the threats they face

The following are the sub topics of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS):

Introduction
Objectives
Scope
Definitions
Obligations of the Parties
Conference of the Parties
Secretariat
Financial provisions
Dispute settlement
Amendments
Reservations
Entry into force
Denunciation
Depositary
Annexes
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendices IV and V
Resolutions
Decisions
Recommendations

Introduction

Objectives

The objectives of the CMS are to:

conserve migratory species throughout their range;
promote cooperation between Parties in the conservation and management of migratory species;
provide a framework for the conservation of migratory species;
promote the exchange of information and expertise on migratory species;
promote the coordination of research on migratory species;
promote the education and awareness of the public about migratory species.

Scope

The CMS applies to all migratory animals, including birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates. The CMS does not apply to marine mammals, which are covered by the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling.

Definitions

For the purposes of the CMS, the following definitions apply:

“Migratory species” means a species or population of animals, a significant proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries.
“Range” means the area of land or water that is normally occupied by a migratory species, including any areas on which it regularly feeds or rests, as well as any areas on which it may occasionally be found.
“Conservation” means the management of the use of natural resources in such a way as to ensure their continued availability and beneficial use for present and future generations.
“Management” means the application of methods and measures in the field for the conservation of migratory species.
“Cooperation” means the provision of assistance or support by one Party to another Party in the conservation and management of migratory species.
“Information exchange” means the provision of information by one Party to another Party on migratory species.
“Research” means the systematic study of migratory species, their habitats, and the factors that affect them.
“Education” means the process of imparting knowledge and understanding of migratory species to the public.
“Awareness” means the knowledge and understanding of migratory species that is held by the public.

Obligations of the Parties

The Parties to the CMS are obliged to:

take appropriate and necessary measures to conserve migratory species throughout their range;
cooperate with each other in the conservation and management of migratory species;
provide information to each other on migratory species;
cooperate in research on migratory species;
cooperate in the education and awareness of the public about migratory species.

Conference of the Parties

The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the supreme body of the CMS
Here are some frequently asked questions about the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS):

What is the CMS?
The CMS, also known as the Bonn Convention, is an international treaty that aims to conserve migratory animals and their habitats.
When was the CMS adopted?
The CMS was adopted in Bonn, Germany, on 23 June 1979.
When did the CMS enter into force?
The CMS entered into force on 1 November 1983.
How many Parties are there to the CMS?
As of 2023, there are 188 Parties to the CMS.
What types of animals does the CMS cover?
The CMS covers all migratory animals, including birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.
What does the CMS do to conserve migratory animals?
The CMS works to conserve migratory animals through a variety of means, including listing migratory species on Appendix I or II of the Convention, developing and implementing conservation plans for migratory species, promoting cooperation between Parties to the Convention, and raising awareness about migratory animals and the threats they face.
What has the CMS been successful in conserving?
The CMS has been successful in conserving a number of migratory species, including the black stork, the saiga antelope, and the Siberian crane.
What are some of the threats facing migratory animals?
Migratory animals face a number of threats, including habitat loss, hunting, and other human activities.
What is the CMS doing to address the threats facing migratory animals?
The CMS is working to address the threats facing migratory animals through a variety of means, including developing and implementing conservation plans, promoting cooperation between Parties to the Convention, and raising awareness about migratory animals and the threats they face.
How can I get involved in the CMS?
There are a number of ways to get involved in the CMS, including attending meetings, participating in workshops, and volunteering. You can also learn more about the CMS and its work on the CMS website.
The following are multiple choice questions about the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS):
The CMS was adopted in which year?
(A) 1979
(B) 1983
(C) 1992
(D) 2000
The CMS covers all of the following except:
(A) birds
(B) mammals
(C) fish
(D) marine mammals
The CMS works to conserve migratory animals through a variety of means, including:
(A) listing migratory species on Appendix I or II of the Convention
(B) developing and implementing conservation plans for migratory species
(C) promoting cooperation between Parties to the Convention
(D) all of the above
The CMS has been successful in conserving a number of migratory species, including:
(A) the black stork
(B) the saiga antelope
(C) the Siberian crane
(D) all of the above
The CMS is a unique and important international treaty that is working to conserve migratory animals and their habitats. Which of the following is not a goal of the CMS?
(A) to conserve migratory animals and their habitats
(B) to promote cooperation between Parties to the Convention
(C) to raise awareness about migratory animals and the threats they face
(D) to regulate the international trade in migratory species
The CMS is a legally binding treaty that is open to all countries. Which of the following is not a requirement for a country to become a Party to the CMS?
(A) The country must be a member of the United Nations.
(B) The country must have a population of at least 1 million people.
(C) The country must have a government that is committed to conserving migratory animals and their habitats.
(D) The country must ratify the CMS.
The CMS is implemented by the Conference of the Parties (COP), which meets every two years. Which of the following is not a function of the COP?
(A) to review the implementation of the CMS
(B) to adopt new measures to conserve migratory animals and their habitats
(C) to settle disputes between Parties to the CMS
(D) to provide financial assistance to Parties to the CMS
The CMS is funded by contributions from the Parties to the Convention. Which of the following is not a source of funding for the CMS?
(A) contributions from the United Nations
(B) contributions from non-governmental organizations
(C) contributions from the private sector
(D) contributions from Parties to the Convention
The CMS has been successful in conserving a number of migratory species. Which of the following is not an example of a migratory species that has been conserved by the CMS?
(A) the black stork
(B) the saiga antelope
(C) the Siberian crane
(D) the blue whale
The CMS is a unique and important international treaty that is working to conserve migratory animals and their habitats. Which of the following is not a threat to migratory animals?
(A) habitat loss
(B) hunting
(C) climate change
(D) pollution