Constitution or Formation of State of Chhattisgarh:-
Known as the ‘Rice Bowl of Central India,’ Chhattisgarh came into existence on November 1, 2000. It was earlier part of Madhya Pradesh and after separation became 26th State of India. Located in central India it covers an area of of 135,194 sq.kms. Raipur is the capital of Chhattisgarh. Chhattisgarh is bordered by Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh in the north, Andhra Pradesh(Now Telangana) in the south, Odisha in the east and Madhya Pradesh and Maharastra in the west.
Chhatisgarh, the 26th State of India, was carved out of Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000. Chhattisgarh abounds in hilly regions and plains. It receives an annual Average rainfall of 60 inches. Rice is the principal crop of the State. Uttar Pradesh to the north, Jharkhand to the north- east, Orissa to the east, Andhra Pradesh to the south-east and south, Maharashtra to the south-west and Madhya Pradesh to the west and north-west form its boundaries.A predominantly tribal State endowed with rich mineral and forest wealth, Chhattisgarh has about 35 big and small tribes inhabiting the State.The Climate-of-chhattisgarh/”>Climate of Chhattisgarh is mainly tropical, humid and sub-humid. The climate is hot because of its position on the tropic of cancer. May is the hottest month and December-January are the coldest ones. The State is completely dependent on the monsoons for rains. The Mahanadi is the principal river of the State. The other major rivers are – Sheonath, Hadeo, Mand, Eeb, Pairi, Jonk, Kelo Udanti, Indrawati, Arpa and Maniyari.
The scheduled tribes, with a Population of over fifty seven lakh, constitute 32.5 per cent of the State’s population as per the 1991 census. Almost 98.1per cent of this population lives in the rural areas and only 1.9 per cent in urban Chhattisgarh. Among the larger States in India, Chhattisgarh has the highest Percentage of population of people from the scheduled tribes. However, Madhya Pradesh is still the home to the largest population of scheduled tribes in India.
The scheduled tribes are concentrated in the southern, northern and the north-eastern districts of the State.. The highest concentration is in the erstwhile Bastar district. The new district of Dantewara has 79 per cent tribals followed by Bastar (67 per cent) Jashpur (65 per cent), Surguja (57 per cent) and Kanker (56 per cent).
The Gonds at 55.1 per cent form the largest proportion within the tribal population. They are distributed almost equally in the urban and rural areas. The Oraons, the Kawars, the Halbis, the Bharias or Bhumiars, the Bhattras and the Napesias also form a substantial portion of the tribal population. Thirty other scheduled tribes have small population residing in various pockets across Chhattisgarh. The Gonds are concentrated in the hilly parts of southern Chhattisgarh but are also spread across most districts whereas the Baigas, Bharias, Korwas and Napesias occupy only specific pockets. The Bhattras, Kolams and Rasjas largely live in Bastar and the Kamars in Raipur. The Halba tribe inhabits parts of Bastar, Raipur and Rajnandgaon. The Oraons live in Surguja and Raigarh districts.
The new State of Chhattisgarh was born with the swearing-in of a new Governor and a new Chief Minister in Raipur, the capital, in the early hours of November 1. Dinesh Nandan Sahaya, a Samata Party leader and a former Indian Police Service (IPS) officer, was sworn in Governor by the Acting Chief Justice of the State, Justice Ramesh Surajmal Garg, who was appointed a day earlier, before a huge gathering. This was followed by anxious moments until the new Chief Secretary, Arun Kumar, invited Ajit Jogi, who had been elected unopposed as the leader of the 48-member Congress(I) Legislature Party (CLP) on October 31, to be sworn in Chief Minister, at 12.58 a.m. Present on the occasion were Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Digvijay Singh and All India Congress Committee observers Ghulam Nabi Azad and Prabha Rao.
Origin
Chhattisgarh is one of the states of India located in the central part of the country. The state is surrounded by Jharkhand state on northwest, Orissa on the east, Andhra Pradesh on the south, and Maharastra on the southwest. It has been formed from the state of Madhya Pradesh. The origin of the name of Chhattisgarh has an interesting and long story.
During the ancient period Chhattisgarh was called Dakshin Kosala. We can get an evidence of it in the inscriptions and literary works of the early writers. During the Mughal reign the region was called Ratanpur territory and not Chhattisgarh. The word Chhattisgarh gained popularity during the rule of the Marathas. Chhattisgarh was first used in an official document in 1795, and became popular during the Maratha period. There are three popular stories about the origin of the name.Perhaps the most popular one is that since Chattisgarh means “36 forts”, it denotes the number of forts in the region. Experts do not agree with this explanation as thirty-six forts cannot be identified in the region.An explanation popular with experts and historians, is that Chhattisgarh is the corrupted form of “Chedisgarh”, which means “Stronghold of the Chedis”, Chedis being another name for the Kalchuri dynasty.According to British Chronicler, J.B. Beglar, “the real name is Chhattisghar (36 houses) and not Chhattisgarh. There is a saying that ages ago, about the time of Jarasandha, thirty six families of dalits (leather workers) emigrated southwards from Jarasandha’s kingdom and established them in country, called Chhattisghar”.
Chronology of events
- 10th century- The region was ruled by a powerful Rajput family Haihaya dynasty.
- 1741- The Marathas attacked Chhattisgarh and destroyed the Haihaya power
- 1818- Chhattisgarh came under British control for the first time
- 1-11-2000 – Chhattisgarh became a separate state
Creation
For obvious reasons, a discussion on the History of Chattisgarh will bring forward the subject about its creation.
Prathak Chhattisgarh
The movement for a Prathak Chhattisgarh did not take a concrete shape before the 1990s though its seeds were sown in the early twenties. The demands for a separate state of Chhattisgarh took birth in the early twenties. This initiative was taken with the hope of highlighting the Chhattisgarh identity. The first demand for a separate Chhattisgarh was raised in the Raipur Congress unit in the year 1924. In 1924, the Raipur Congress unit demanded a separate Chhattisgarh in the Annual session of the Indian congress in Tripuri. During the early days of this movement though the issues received the support of the common people but it was not allowed to spread much. Various all party seminars, rallies and public meetings were arranged during this time to support the cause. Attempts to make a call for a separate Chhattisgarh continued even after independence but it did not take any remarkable turn until the year of 1955. In this year a demand for separate Chhattisgarh was put forward in the Nagpur Assembly. Previously in the year of 1954, a demand for a separate unit of Chhattisgarh was raised when the commission for state reorganization was set up. But this application was rejected then. The reason for this rejection was that the prosperity and rapid development of the area under Chhattisgarh may compensate for the several underdeveloped and POVERTY ridden areas of the larger state of Madhya Pradesh. The movement for a Prathak Chhattisgarh continued in different modes and forms. At times they took sharp turns and again there were certain phases when the movement was slow paced. But the dream for a separate Chhattisgarh remained. During the later half of 1990s things took a different turn. Several rallies and public meetings led and supported by important Political Parties gave a different turning all together to the Prathak Chhattisgarh movement.
The first administrative initiation of the Creation of Chattisgarh was taken the then government of Madhya Pradesh. A resolution was passed at the Madhya Pradesh Assembly on March 18th, 1994 with the demand of a separate state of Chattisgarh. The two major political parties of the state, Congress and B.J.P supported the demand.
The Union Government in 1998 drafted a bill with the same proposal and sent it to the M.P. Bidhan Sabha for approval. It was approved without any opposition. However with the downfall of the Union Government, fresh Lok Sabha Elections were held. Again the newly appointed Central Government drafted the bill and sent it to the state assembly. Once again it was unanimously supported, paving the way for its approval. In the year 2000, the Indian President gave his Consent to the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act on the historic date of 25th August. Finally the state of Madhya Pradesh was bifurcated to create the Chattisgarh state on 1st November 2000.,
Chhattisgarh is a state in central India. It was formed on November 1, 2000, by carving out the southern 16 districts of Madhya Pradesh. The state is named after the Chhattisgarhi language, which is spoken by the majority of the population.
The history of Chhattisgarh can be traced back to the 6th century BCE, when the region was ruled by the Haihaya dynasty. The Haihayas were followed by the Kalachuris, The Chandelas, and the Gonds. In the 16th century, the Mughals conquered the region and ruled it for over 200 years. In the 18th century, the Marathas conquered the region and ruled it until the British took control in the early 19th century.
Chhattisgarh is a landlocked state with a total area of 135,000 square kilometers. The state is bordered by Madhya Pradesh to the north, Maharashtra to the west, Odisha to the south, and Andhra Pradesh to the southeast. The state is divided into 27 districts.
The capital of Chhattisgarh is Raipur. Other major cities in the state include Bilaspur, Durg, Raigarh, and Jagdalpur.
The population of Chhattisgarh is over 27 million. The majority of the population is Hindu, followed by Muslims, Christians, and tribals. The Official Language of Chhattisgarh is Hindi, but Chhattisgarhi is also widely spoken.
The economy of Chhattisgarh is based on agriculture, mining, and manufacturing. The state is a major producer of rice, wheat, Cotton, and sugarcane. Chhattisgarh is also home to large deposits of coal, iron Ore, and bauxite. The state has a number of manufacturing industries, including steel, cement, and textiles.
The government of Chhattisgarh is headed by the chief minister. The chief minister is appointed by the governor, who is the head of state. The state has a unicameral legislature, the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly.
The culture of Chhattisgarh is a mix of Hindu, tribal, and Muslim influences. The state is home to a number of festivals, including the Magh Bihu, the Chaitra Navratri, and the Dussehra. Chhattisgarhi cuisine is known for its use of spices and its emphasis on rice and vegetables.
The Education system in Chhattisgarh is divided into three levels: primary, secondary, and higher education. Primary education is compulsory for all children aged 6 to 14. Secondary education is for children aged 14 to 18. Higher education is offered by universities and colleges.
The Health system in Chhattisgarh is divided into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Primary care is provided by community health centers and sub-centers. Secondary care is provided by district hospitals and medical colleges. Tertiary care is provided by specialized hospitals.
The transport system in Chhattisgarh is well-developed. The state has a Network of national highways, state highways, and major district roads. The state also has a number of Airports and railway stations.
The tourism Industry in Chhattisgarh is growing rapidly. The state is home to a number of tourist attractions, including the Kanger Valley National Park, the Indravati National Park, and the Bastar Wildlife Sanctuary.
The media in Chhattisgarh is vibrant and diverse. The state has a number of newspapers, television channels, and radio stations.
The Sports scene in Chhattisgarh is also vibrant. The state has a number of sports teams, including the Chhattisgarh Ranji Trophy team and the Chhattisgarh football team.
The people of Chhattisgarh are known for their hospitality and their love of music and dance. The state is home to a number of Folk Music and dance traditions.
Chhattisgarh is a beautiful and diverse state with a rich history and culture. The state is home to a number of natural attractions, as well as a vibrant cultural scene. Chhattisgarh is a great place to visit for those who are looking for a unique and unforgettable experience.
Here are some frequently asked questions about Chhattisgarh, India:
- What is the capital of Chhattisgarh?
The capital of Chhattisgarh is Raipur. - What is the population of Chhattisgarh?
The population of Chhattisgarh is 35,332,862 (2021). - What is the language spoken in Chhattisgarh?
The official language of Chhattisgarh is Hindi. However, there are many other languages spoken in the state, including Chhattisgarhi, Gondi, and Sadri. - What is the currency of Chhattisgarh?
The currency of Chhattisgarh is the Indian rupee. - What is the time zone of Chhattisgarh?
Chhattisgarh is in the Indian Standard Time zone (IST), which is UTC+5:30. - What is the climate of Chhattisgarh?
The climate of Chhattisgarh is tropical, with hot summers and mild winters. - What are some of the tourist attractions in Chhattisgarh?
Some of the tourist attractions in Chhattisgarh include the Kanger Valley National Park, the Indravati National Park, and the Bastar region. - What are some of the famous people from Chhattisgarh?
Some of the famous people from Chhattisgarh include the freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, the cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni, and the actress Priyanka Chopra. - What are some of the important events in the history of Chhattisgarh?
Some of the important events in the history of Chhattisgarh include the formation of the state in 2000, the Naxalite insurgency, and the construction of the Indira Sagar Dam. - What are some of the challenges facing Chhattisgarh?
Some of the challenges facing Chhattisgarh include poverty, illiteracy, and Unemployment. - What are some of the opportunities for development in Chhattisgarh?
Some of the opportunities for development in Chhattisgarh include the mining industry, the tourism industry, and the agriculture industry.
I hope this helps!
Sure. Here are some MCQs on the topics of Chhattisgarh’s history, geography, economy, and culture:
Which of the following is not a major river in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Godavari
(C) Narmada
(D) IndravatiThe capital of Chhattisgarh is:
(A) Raipur
(B) Bilaspur
(C) Durg
(D) JagdalpurThe main language spoken in Chhattisgarh is:
(A) Hindi
(B) Chhattisgarhi
(C) Gondi
(D) TeluguChhattisgarh is a major producer of:
(A) Coal
(B) Iron ore
(C) Bauxite
(D) All of the aboveThe main crops grown in Chhattisgarh are:
(A) Rice
(B) Wheat
(C) Sugarcane
(D) All of the aboveChhattisgarh is home to the following tribal groups:
(A) Gonds
(B) Baiga
(C) Oraons
(D) All of the aboveThe main festivals celebrated in Chhattisgarh are:
(A) Makar Sankranti
(B) Holi
(C) Diwali
(D) All of the aboveThe famous tourist destinations in Chhattisgarh include:
(A) Kanha National Park
(B) Bandhavgarh National Park
(C) Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve
(D) All of the aboveThe Famous Personalities from Chhattisgarh include:
(A) Dr. Harivansh Rai Bachchan
(B) Ajit Jogi
(C) Raman Singh
(D) All of the aboveThe famous dishes of Chhattisgarh include:
(A) Pitha
(B) Lavang Latika
(C) Dal Baati Churma
(D) All of the above