Following the annexation of Mysore to English East India Company the British began to administer the state of Mysore from 1831-1881 by creating a new office called the office of commissioners. Initially the office had two commissioners-colonels Briggs as the senior commissioner and Lushington as the junior commissioner. In 1833 Morrison became the sole commissioner. The two most important commissioners are Sir Mark Cubbon and Bowring.
Sir Mark Cubbon (1834-1861)
Sir Mark Cubbon began his career in the English East India Company. In 1834 he was appointed as the commissioner of Mysore as he was known for his honesty and Integrity. As the commissioner of Mysore Mark Cubbon worked for its development.
The first work of Mark Cubbon is that he shifted the capital from Mysore to Bangalore. The state of Mysore under him comprised of four administrative divisions Patana Ashtagrama, Chitra Durga, Nagar and Bangalore. Each of these divisions was headed by a European super intendent Mark Cubbon shifted the secretariat to Tippu’s palace in Bangalore. The secretariat comprised of a departments like Revenue, Military, agriculture, post and soon. The judicial administration was recognized. A hierarchy of courts was established. Munsiff court at the local level, above which were superintending courts and the Huzur adalat, the commissioner’s court was the highest court. There was a judicial commissioner who assisted Mark Cubbon the Mysore state comprised of 120 Taluks called Amils each of which functioned under an official called Amildar. Below the Amils were groups of villages called Hoblis which functioned under a Hoblidar. Revenue collection was entrusted to an official called Shirastedar. Mark Cubbon used the native language in the administrative sphere.
Mark Cubbon constructed roads to the length of more than 1,600 miles. The capital city Bangalore was linked with important places. Telegraphic wires were strung. The first railway line was laid in Karnataka which linked Bangalore with Jolarpet (1859). He also encouraged the starting of English medium schools. Mark Cubbon collected revenue efficiently. In 1834-35 the revenue collection was 68 Lakhs and led to 84 lakhs. In 1854-55 he also settled Rs.80 lakhs which was unpaid tributes to the British and the yearly tribute was also regularly paid. Thus Mark Cubbon developed Mysore by leaps and bounds. During his tenure as a commissioner he laid the first step for developing Mysore into a Modern state. An efficient administrator he was known for his honesty and hard work. When he retired from office he had saved a large amount of Rs.40 lakhs. The government of Karnataka has honored Mark Cubbon by naming a park after him in Bangalore namely the Cubbon Park.
Louis Bentham Bowring (1861-1870)
Bowring Succeeded Mark Cubbon.
Bowring is the other commissioner of Mysore who occupies the pride of place along with Sri Mark Cubbon. Bowring divided the state of Mysore into 3 administrative regions namely Patana Ashtagrama, Nandi Durga and Nagar. These regions comprised of 108 Taluks each of which functioned under a Deputy Commissioner. The commissioner’s were in charge of the three main divisions and Bowring became the chief commissioner. The department of land survey and settlement was established. The registration act of 1864 required all property transactions to be registered. The police department came to be established on the lives of the Madras police. New designations like inspector General of police and Deputy Inspector of police were created. Bowring established the central educational agency which set up schools in English and vernacular language’s. Accordingly the Bangalore high school and the central college were established in Bangalore. The High Court building constructed during his days became the secretariat. The Bangalore museum was constructed by him. Famine conditions in Bangalore made him construct the miller tank. Hospitals were also constructed. The lady Curzon Bowring hospital reminds one of the Services rendered by Bowring.
Bowring was succeeded by Sir Richard Meade, Saunders and Gordon who occupied office from 1870-1881. They are the last Commissioners of Mysore.
,
1.0 General Provisions
These rules shall be known and may be cited as the “Commissioner Rules.”
2.0 Definitions
For the purposes of these rules, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
“Applicant” means any person who applies for a license under these rules.
“Commissioner” means the Commissioner of the Department of Commerce.
“Department” means the Department of Commerce.
“License” means a license issued by the Commissioner under these rules.
“Person” means any individual, firm, PARTNERSHIP, corporation, association, trust, or other legal entity.
“Rule” means a rule adopted by the Commissioner under these rules.
3.0 Application for License
An application for a license shall be made on a form prescribed by the Commissioner and shall be accompanied by the following:
A nonrefundable application fee of $100.
A copy of the applicant’s driver’s license or other government-issued photo identification.
A copy of the applicant’s social security card.
A criminal history report from the applicant’s state of residence.
A surety bond in the amount of $10,000.
4.0 Examination and Issuance of License
Upon receipt of a complete application, the Commissioner shall examine the application and the supporting documentation. If the Commissioner determines that the applicant meets the requirements of these rules, the Commissioner shall issue a license to the applicant.
5.0 Renewal of License
A license shall expire one year after the date of issuance. An applicant for renewal of a license shall submit an application for renewal to the Commissioner on a form prescribed by the Commissioner. The application for renewal shall be accompanied by the following:
A nonrefundable renewal application fee of $50.
A copy of the applicant’s driver’s license or other government-issued photo identification.
A copy of the applicant’s social security card.
A criminal history report from the applicant’s state of residence.
A surety bond in the amount of $10,000.
6.0 Revocation and Suspension of License
The Commissioner may revoke or suspend a license for any of the following reasons:
The applicant has made a false statement on the application for license.
The applicant has violated any provision of these rules.
The applicant has been convicted of a felony.
The applicant has been found to be unfit to practice the profession of real estate broker or salesperson.
7.0 Enforcement
The Commissioner may investigate any violation of these rules. If the Commissioner finds that a violation has occurred, the Commissioner may issue a cease and desist order, impose a civil penalty, or revoke or suspend the license of the person who violated the rule.
8.0 Penalties
Any person who violates any provision of these rules shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000, imprisonment for not more than one year, or both.
9.0 Severability
If any provision of these rules is held to be invalid, the remainder of these rules shall remain in full force and effect.
10.0 Effective Date
These rules shall take effect 30 days after their publication in the State Register.
What is the Commissioner Rule?
The Commissioner Rule is a rule that was created by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in 1996. The rule prohibits companies from using deceptive or unfair practices in their advertising.
What are some examples of deceptive or unfair practices?
Some examples of deceptive or unfair practices include:
Making false or misleading claims about a product or service
Bait-and-switch tactics, where a company advertises a product at a low price but then tries to sell the customer a more expensive product
Deceptive pricing, where a company advertises a product at a low price but then charges hidden fees or taxes
Unfair contract terms, where a company includes terms in a contract that are unfair to the customer
What are the consequences of violating the Commissioner Rule?
Companies that violate the Commissioner Rule can be subject to civil penalties, including fines of up to $16,000 per violation. In some cases, companies may also be required to provide restitution to consumers who were harmed by the violation.
How can I protect myself from deceptive or unfair practices?
There are a few things you can do to protect yourself from deceptive or unfair practices:
Be aware of the common types of deceptive or unfair practices.
Do your research before making a purchase.
Read the fine print of any contract before signing it.
If you believe you have been the victim of a deceptive or unfair practice, you can file a complaint with the FTC.
What is the difference between a scam and a fraud?
A scam is a type of fraud that involves deception. Scammers often use false or misleading information to trick people into giving them Money or personal information. Fraud, on the other hand, is a broader term that can refer to any type of illegal activity that involves deception. This can include scams, as well as other crimes such as identity theft and credit card fraud.
How can I protect myself from scams?
There are a few things you can do to protect yourself from scams:
Be aware of the common types of scams.
Do your research before making a purchase or giving out personal information.
Never give out your Social Security number, credit card number, or other sensitive information to someone you don’t know and trust.
If you think you have been the victim of a scam, you can file a complaint with the FTC.
What is the difference between a phishing attack and a spear phishing attack?
A phishing attack is a type of cybercrime where an attacker sends an email that appears to be from a legitimate company in order to trick the recipient into clicking on a malicious link or opening a malicious attachment. A spear phishing attack is a more targeted type of phishing attack where the attacker tailors the email to a specific individual or organization. This makes it more likely that the recipient will fall for the attack.
How can I protect myself from phishing attacks?
There are a few things you can do to protect yourself from phishing attacks:
Be suspicious of any email that asks for personal information, such as your Social Security number or credit card number.
Do not click on links or open attachments in emails from senders you do not know and trust.
Use a spam filter to help block phishing emails.
Keep your Software up to date, including your operating system, web browser, and security software.
If you think you have been the victim of a phishing attack, you can change your passwords and contact your bank or credit card company.
What is the difference between a virus and a worm?
A virus is a type of malware that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. A worm is a type of malware that can replicate itself but does not need to attach itself to another file in order to spread. Worms can spread through email attachments, file sharing networks, and Social Media.
How can I protect myself from viruses and worms?
There are a few things you can do to protect yourself from viruses and worms:
Use a firewall to help protect your computer from unauthorized access.
Keep your software up to date, including your operating system, web browser, and security software.
Do not open email attachments from senders you do not know and trust.
Use a spam filter to help block spam emails.
Be careful about the websites you visit and the files you download.
If you think you have been infected with a virus or worm, you can run a virus scan and remove the infection.
What is the difference between a Trojan horse and a rootkit?
A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate program in order to trick the user into installing it. Once installed
Which of the following is not a type of business entity? (A) Sole proprietorship (B) Partnership (C) Corporation (D) Commissioner Rule
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a sole proprietorship? (A) The owner is personally liable for the debts of the business. (B) The owner has unlimited control over the business. (C) The owner is taxed on the business’s income at personal Income tax rates. (D) All of the above.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a partnership? (A) The partners are personally liable for the debts of the business. (B) The partners have equal say in the management of the business. (C) The partners are taxed on the business’s income at personal income tax rates. (D) All of the above.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a corporation? (A) The corporation is subject to double Taxation. (B) The corporation is more difficult to form than a sole proprietorship or partnership. (C) The corporation is subject to more government regulation than a sole proprietorship or partnership. (D) All of the above.
Which of the following is a benefit of a sole proprietorship? (A) The owner is personally liable for the debts of the business. (B) The owner has unlimited control over the business. (C) The owner is taxed on the business’s income at personal income tax rates. (D) None of the above.
Which of the following is a benefit of a partnership? (A) The partners are personally liable for the debts of the business. (B) The partners have equal say in the management of the business. (C) The partners are taxed on the business’s income at personal income tax rates. (D) None of the above.
Which of the following is a benefit of a corporation? (A) The corporation is not subject to double taxation. (B) The corporation is easier to form than a sole proprietorship or partnership. (C) The corporation is subject to less government regulation than a sole proprietorship or partnership. (D) None of the above.
Which of the following is a type of business ownership that is easy to form and has few government regulations? (A) Sole proprietorship (B) Partnership (C) Corporation (D) None of the above.
Which of the following is a type of business ownership that offers limited liability for its owners? (A) Sole proprietorship (B) Partnership (C) Corporation (D) None of the above.
Which of the following is a type of business ownership that is taxed separately from its owners? (A) Sole proprietorship (B) Partnership (C) Corporation (D) None of the above.