Climate of Odisha

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<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/climate/”>Climate of Odisha
Geograraphical and Regional Situation (Physiography) of Odisha
 Odisha is a state on the eastern seaboard of India, located between 170 degree 49’ and 220 degree 36’ North latitudes and between 810 36’ and 870 18’ East longitudes.
 It spreads over an area of 1,55,707 sq km. and is largely divided into four geographical regions, i.e.
1. Northern Plateau
2. Central River Basins
3. Eastern Hills
4. Coastal Plains.
 Odisha has a 480 km coastline.
 Its Population was 4,19,47,358 as per the 2011 Census Of India.
 Administratively, the state is divided into 30 districts, 58 sub-divisions, 314 blocks (administrative units in descending order of geographical area and POPULATION OF ODISHA) and 103 Urban Local Bodies.
 The Average density of population is about 269 per sq km. with significantly higher density in the coastal areas compared to the interior parts.
 Odisha is surrounded by
1. West Bengal in the North East,
2. Bihar in North,
3. Andhra Pradesh on the South East,
4. Madhya Pradesh in the West
5. Bay of Bengal in the East.
 The area of Odisha is divided into two natural divisions:
1. The Coastal Plain
2. North Western Plateau.
 Mahanadi is a very large river crosses through the state and its big delta merges into the deltas formed by the Brahmani and the Baitarani in Bay of Bangal.
 The deltas are fertile and are provided with Irrigation facilities to the State.
Climate of Odisha
 The climate of Odisha, an East India regional state that hugs the coast of the Bay of Bengal is represented by tropical monsoon weather.
 Searing hot summers with significantly high monsoon downpours and cool and pleasant winters mark the Odisha climate.
 There are three major seasons –
1. Summer (March-June),
2. Rainy Season (July-September)
3. The winter (October-February).
 The climate of Odisha is noticeably related to the geography of Odisha.
 The weather of Odisha can be classified under three heads namely, summer, monsoon and winter.
 The state is also gifted with relatively short stints of the refreshing spring and the mellow autumn.
 The scorching heat of the Odisha summer makes the mercury soars to unbearable heights.
 Monsoon soon creeps in to offer a welcome break.
 During monsoon, the cumulonimbus clouds unfold with pouring rains that wash the terrains and unfold a rich blue sky.
 By early June, the southwest monsoon announces its arrival in Odisha and departs by the middle of October.
 Rainfall is the main source of fresh water in Odisha that varies from 1200 mm to 1700 mm across the state.
 The average rainfall in Odisha is precise as 1482 mm.
 Odisha receives about 78% of rainfall between the months of June and September. Odisha receives the remaining 22% of the rainfall throughout the year.
 The rains also play a pivotal role in agriculture, the principal source of livelihood of the populace of Odisha.
The state can be divided into ten agro-climatic zones on the basis of Soil, weather and other relevant characteristics of the State. Odisha state land can be classified into three categories namely low, medium and up-lands.
Table showing Agro-climatic zone of the State
Agro-Climatic Zone of Odisha
Sl. No. Agro-Climatic Zone Climate Mean Annual Rainfall (in MM) Soil Group
1 North western plateau Hot & Moist 1648 Mixed red & yellow
2 North central plateau Hot & Moist 1535 Red
3 North eastern coastal plain Hot & moist subhumid 1568 Coastal alluvial
4 East & south eastern coastal plain Hot & Moist 1449 Deltaic alluvial & laterite
5 North eastern ghat Hot & moist subhumid 1597 Red loam & brown forest
6 Eastern Ghat highland Warm & humid 1522 Red & laterite
7 South eastern Ghat Warm & humid 1522 Red
8 Western undulating Warm & moist 1527 Red & black
9 West central table land Hot & Moist 1527 Mixed red & black
10 Mid central table land Hot & dry subhumid 1421 Red & laterite

Season of Odisha in a Calendar Year
 Summer (March-June) Season: During the summer season, Odisha experience a harsh climate with the maximum temperature as much as 40 deg C.
 Rainy Season (July-September): The Southwest monsoons heads to Odisha in the beginning of June take the entire state under its influence by July. The south-west monsoons withdraw completely by mid-October. Some coastal regiom of the state also experience cyclone and Tornado during this time.
 Winter Season (October-February): The winter season brings chilly weather to Odisha with the minimum temperature going down to as much as 7 deg C.

Specific Region wise Climatic Feature
Odisha has three different climates and is dominated by Aw.
Classification based on Koppen-Geiger
Classification Count Köppen-Geiger Examples

Tropical savanna climate 619 Aw Cuttack, Rourkela, Bhubaneswar, Sambalpur, Jeypore

Humid subtropical climate 37 Cwa Koira, Lakshmipur, Khejuri, Kalta, Kuanr

Hot-summer Mediterranean Climate 1 Csa Meghahatuburu

Some are specific Climatic Conditions
Cuttack
 The climate in Cuttack is tropical.
 The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little.
 This climate is considered to be Aw according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.
 The average annual temperature is 27.6 °C in Cuttack.
 About 1515 mm of Precipitation falls annually.
ROURKELA
 The climate here is tropical.
 In winter, there is much less rainfall in Rourkela than in summer.
 According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Aw.
 The average annual temperature in Rourkela is 26.5 °C.
 Precipitation here Averages 1448 mm.
BHUBANESWAR
 Bhubaneswar has a tropical climate.
 In winter, there is much less rainfall in Bhubaneswar than in summer.
 This location is classified as Aw by Köppen and Geiger.
 The average annual temperature is 27.4 °C in Bhubaneswar.
 The average annual rainfall is 1505 mm.
JEYPORE
 Jeypore’s climate is classified as tropical.
 The summers are much rainier than the winters in Jeypore.
 This climate is considered to be Aw according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.
 The average annual temperature is 24.7 °C in Jeypore. About 1527 mm of precipitation falls annually.,

The climate of Odisha is tropical, with a hot and humid summer and a cool and dry winter. The average temperature ranges from 20°C to 38°C, with the highest temperatures occurring in May and June. The monsoon season runs from June to September, and brings heavy rains to the state. The winter months are from November to February, and are characterized by clear skies and cool temperatures.

Temperature

The average temperature in Odisha ranges from 20°C to 38°C. The hottest months are May and June, when the temperature can reach up to 40°C. The coldest months are January and February, when the temperature can drop to 10°C.

Rainfall

The average annual rainfall in Odisha is 1,200 mm. The monsoon season runs from June to September, and brings heavy rains to the state. The winter months are dry, with very little rainfall.

Humidity

The humidity in Odisha is high, especially during the monsoon season. The average humidity is 70%.

Wind speed

The wind speed in Odisha is moderate, with an average speed of 10 km/h. The wind is strongest during the monsoon season, when it can reach speeds of up to 20 km/h.

Sunshine hours

The average sunshine hours in Odisha are 6 hours per day. The sun shines most during the summer months, when it can shine for up to 8 hours per day. The sun shines least during the winter months, when it can shine for only 4 hours per day.

Climate Change

Climate change is a major threat to Odisha. The state is already experiencing the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, and changes in rainfall patterns. These changes are having a negative impact on the state’s economy, Environment, and people.

Impact Of Climate Change on Odisha

Climate change is having a number of negative impacts on Odisha. These include:

  • Rising sea levels: Sea levels are rising at an alarming rate in Odisha. This is due to the melting of Glaciers and ice sheets, as well as the expansion of water as it warms. Rising sea levels are inundating coastal areas, displacing people and damaging Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE.
  • More extreme weather events: Climate change is making extreme weather events, such as Cyclones-2/”>Cyclones, floods, and droughts, more frequent and more severe. These events are causing widespread damage and loss of life.
  • Changes in rainfall patterns: Climate change is also changing rainfall patterns in Odisha. Some areas are receiving more rain, while others are receiving less. This is disrupting agriculture and other water-dependent industries.

Adaptation to climate change in Odisha

The government of Odisha is taking a number of steps to adapt to climate change. These include:

  • Building seawalls and other infrastructure to protect coastal areas from flooding
  • Developing early warning systems for extreme weather events
  • Planting trees to help reduce the impact of floods and droughts
  • Promoting Sustainable Agriculture practices

These measures are helping to reduce the impact of climate change on Odisha, but more needs to be done. The government needs to continue to invest in adaptation measures and to raise awareness of climate change among the people of Odisha.

What is the climate of Odisha?

Odisha has a tropical climate with two distinct seasons: a hot and humid summer from March to June, and a cool and dry winter from November to February. The monsoon season runs from July to October, bringing heavy rains and flooding to some parts of the state.

What is the best time to visit Odisha?

The best time to visit Odisha is during the winter months, when the weather is cool and dry. However, if you’re looking to experience the vibrant culture and festivals of Odisha, then the summer months are also a good time to visit.

What are some of the popular tourist attractions in Odisha?

Some of the most popular tourist attractions in Odisha include the following:

  • The Sun Temple at Konark: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Sun Temple is a 13th-century Hindu temple dedicated to the sun god Surya.
  • The Jagannath Temple at Puri: One of the most important pilgrimage sites in India, the Jagannath Temple is a 12th-century Hindu temple dedicated to the god Jagannath.
  • The Dhauligiri Stupa: A Buddhist stupa located near Bhubaneswar, the Dhauligiri Stupa is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • The Chilika Lake: A brackish lagoon located near Bhubaneswar, the Chilika Lake is the largest lagoon in India.
  • The Bhitarkanika National Park: A national park located in the Kendrapara district of Odisha, the Bhitarkanika National Park is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, crocodiles, and dolphins.

What are some of the traditional foods of Odisha?

Some of the most popular traditional foods of Odisha include the following:

  • Pitha: A type of pancake made from rice flour, pitha is a popular breakfast food in Odisha.
  • Dosa: A thin pancake made from fermented rice and lentil batter, dosa is a popular snack food in Odisha.
  • Idli: A steamed rice cake made from fermented rice and lentil batter, idli is a popular breakfast food in Odisha.
  • Sambhar: A lentil and vegetable stew, sambar is a popular accompaniment to idli and dosa.
  • Rasgulla: A sweet dish made from milk and sugar, rasgulla is a popular dessert in Odisha.

What are some of the popular festivals of Odisha?

Some of the most popular festivals of Odisha include the following:

  • Ratha Yatra: A chariot festival held in Puri every year, the Ratha Yatra is one of the largest religious festivals in India.
  • Puri Beach Festival: A beach festival held in Puri every year, the Puri Beach Festival is a popular tourist attraction.
  • Konark Dance Festival: A dance festival held in Konark every year, the Konark Dance Festival is a showcase of traditional Odia dance.
  • Chilika Lake Festival: A lake festival held in Chilika every year, the Chilika Lake Festival is a celebration of the natural beauty of the lake.
  • Bhitarkanika National Park Festival: A wildlife festival held in Bhitarkanika every year, the Bhitarkanika National Park Festival is a chance to see the wildlife of the park up close.

  1. Which of the following is not a type of climate?
    (A) Tropical
    (B) Temperate
    (C) Polar
    (D) Odisha

  2. The climate of a place is determined by its:
    (A) Latitude
    (B) Longitude
    (C) Altitude
    (D) All of the above

  3. The climate of a place can be affected by its:
    (A) Ocean currents
    (B) Mountains
    (C) Vegetation
    (D) All of the above

  4. The climate of a place can have a significant impact on its:
    (A) Agriculture
    (B) Industry
    (C) Tourism
    (D) All of the above

  5. The climate of a place is constantly changing due to:
    (A) Human activity
    (B) Natural causes
    (C) Both human activity and natural causes
    (D) None of the above

  6. The climate of a place is important because it:
    (A) Affects the way people live
    (B) Affects the way Plants grow
    (C) Affects the way animals live
    (D) All of the above

  7. The climate of a place can be predicted using:
    (A) Historical data
    (B) Computer models
    (C) Both historical data and computer models
    (D) None of the above

  8. The climate of a place can be changed by:
    (A) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
    (B) Planting trees
    (C) Both reducing greenhouse gas emissions and planting trees
    (D) None of the above

  9. The climate of a place is important because it:
    (A) Affects the future of the planet
    (B) Affects the future of humanity
    (C) Affects the future of all life on Earth
    (D) All of the above

  10. The climate of a place is a complex system that is affected by many factors. It is important to understand the climate of a place in order to make informed decisions about how to live in that place and how to protect the environment.