Civil Rebellions and Tribal Uprisings-For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination

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  • The backbone of the rebellions, their mass base and striking power came from the rack-rented peasants, ruined artisans and demobilized soldiers

    • CAUSES

    • The major cause of the civil rebellions was the rapid changes the British introduced in the economy, administration and land revenue system.
    • The revenues were enhanced by increasing taxes.
    • Thousands of zamindars and poligars lost control over their land and its revenue either due to the extinction of their rights by the colonial state or by the forced sale of their rights over land because of their inability to meet the exorbitant land revenue demanded.
    • The economic decline of the peasantry was reflected in twelve major and numerous minor famines from 1770 to 1857
    • The new courts and legal system gave a further fillip to the dispossessors of land and encouraged the rich to oppress the poor.
    • The police looted, oppressed and tortured the common people at will.
    • The ruin of Indian handicraft industries pauperized millions of artisans
    • The scholarly and priestly classes were also active in inciting hatred and rebellion against foreign rule.
    • Very foreign character of the British rule

    REBELLIONS

    • From 1763 to 1856, there were more than forty major rebellions apart from hundreds of minor ones.
    • Sanyasi Rebellion: (1763-1800)
    • Chuar uprising (1766-1772 & 1795-1816); Rangpur and Dinajpur (1783); Bishnupur and Birbhum (1799); Orissa zamindars (1804-17) and Sambalpur (1827-40) and many others

    WHY FAILED?

    • These rebellions were local in their spread and were isolated from each other.
    • They were the result of local causes and grievances, and were also localized in their effects.
    • Socially, economically and politically, the semi-feudal leaders of these rebellions were backward looking and traditional in outlook.
    • The suppression of the civil rebellions was a major reason why the Revolt of 1857 did not spread to South India and most of Eastern and Western India.

    TRIBAL  UPRISINGS: CAUSES

    • The colonial administrators ended their relative isolation and brought them fully within the ambit of colonialism.
    • Introduced new system of land revenue and Taxation of tribal products
    • Influx of Christian missionaries into the tribal areas
    • They could no longer practice shifting agriculture
    • Oppression and extortion by police officials
    • The complete disruption of the old agrarian order of the tribal communities provided the common factor for all the tribal uprisings

    UPRISINGS

    • Santhals
    • Kols of Chhotanagpur (1820-37)
    • Birsa Munda (1899-1900)

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    Civil Rebellions and Tribal Uprisings are a common occurrence throughout history. They can be caused by a variety of factors, including political instability, economic hardship, and ethnic or religious conflict. Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can have a significant impact on the countries in which they occur, often leading to violence, death, and destruction.

    There are many different causes of civil rebellions and tribal uprisings. Some of the most common causes include:

    • Political instability: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings are often caused by political instability. This can include factors such as a lack of Democracy, Corruption, and government oppression.
    • Economic hardship: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can also be caused by economic hardship. This can include factors such as POVERTY, Unemployment, and Inflation.
    • Ethnic or religious conflict: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can also be caused by ethnic or religious conflict. This can include factors such as discrimination, violence, and genocide.

    There are many different types of civil rebellions and tribal uprisings. Some of the most common types include:

    • Revolutions: Revolutions are a type of civil rebellion in which the people overthrow the existing government.
    • Insurgencies: Insurgencies are a type of civil rebellion in which the people fight against the government for control of the country.
    • Civil wars: Civil wars are a type of civil rebellion in which two or more groups fight each other for control of the country.

    Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can have a significant impact on the countries in which they occur. Some of the most common consequences include:

    • Violence: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings often lead to violence, death, and destruction.
    • Death: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can result in a large number of deaths.
    • Destruction: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can also result in a large amount of destruction, including damage to property and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE.

    There are a number of different methods that can be used to deal with civil rebellions and tribal uprisings. Some of the most common methods include:

    • Negotiation: Negotiation is a process in which the government and the rebels try to reach an agreement.
    • Mediation: Mediation is a process in which a third party tries to help the government and the rebels reach an agreement.
    • Military force: Military force can be used to suppress a civil rebellion or tribal uprising.

    There are many different case studies of civil rebellions and tribal uprisings. Some of the most famous examples include:

    • The American Revolution: The American Revolution was a civil rebellion in which the American colonies fought against the British government for independence.
    • The French Revolution: The French Revolution was a civil rebellion in which the French people overthrew the Monarchy.
    • The Russian Revolution: The Russian Revolution was a civil rebellion in which the Russian people overthrew the Tsarist government.
    • The Chinese Civil War: The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in which the Communist Party of China fought against the Kuomintang for control of China.

    Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings are a complex issue with no easy solutions. The best way to deal with them will vary depending on the specific situation. However, it is important to remember that these events can have a devastating impact on the people involved, and that every effort should be made to resolve them peacefully.

    Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about Civil Rebellions and Tribal Uprisings:

    1. What are the causes of civil rebellions and tribal uprisings?

    There are many causes of civil rebellions and tribal uprisings, including:

    • Economic inequality: When a small group of people controls most of the wealth, while the majority of people live in poverty, this can lead to resentment and anger.
    • Political oppression: When people are denied basic rights and freedoms, this can lead to frustration and a desire for change.
    • Religious persecution: When people are persecuted for their religious beliefs, this can lead to anger and violence.
    • Ethnic conflict: When different ethnic groups compete for power or Resources, this can lead to violence.

    • Natural disasters: When natural disasters strike, they can cause widespread death and destruction, which can lead to social unrest.

    • What are the effects of civil rebellions and tribal uprisings?

    Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can have a number of negative effects, including:

    • Loss of life: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can be very violent, and often result in the deaths of many people.
    • Damage to property: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can also cause significant damage to property, including homes, businesses, and infrastructure.
    • Economic disruption: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can disrupt the economy, leading to job losses and a decline in economic activity.
    • Social unrest: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can lead to social unrest, as people become fearful and angry.

    • Political instability: Civil rebellions and tribal uprisings can also lead to political instability, as governments are often unable to cope with the violence and chaos.

    • How can civil rebellions and tribal uprisings be prevented?

    There are a number of things that can be done to prevent civil rebellions and tribal uprisings, including:

    • Addressing the root causes of conflict: This includes addressing issues such as economic inequality, political oppression, and religious persecution.
    • Promoting Good Governance: This includes ensuring that governments are accountable to their citizens and that they respect the Rule of Law.
    • Investing in Education and development: This can help to reduce poverty and inequality, which are often root causes of conflict.

    • Building trust and dialogue: This includes promoting dialogue between different groups in Society and building trust between communities.

    • What are the lessons that can be learned from past civil rebellions and tribal uprisings?

    There are a number of lessons that can be learned from past civil rebellions and tribal uprisings, including:

    • The importance of addressing the root causes of conflict: If the root causes of conflict are not addressed, then civil rebellions and tribal uprisings are likely to continue.
    • The importance of good governance: Governments that are accountable to their citizens and that respect the rule of law are less likely to face civil rebellions and tribal uprisings.
    • The importance of investing in education and development: Investing in education and development can help to reduce poverty and inequality, which are often root causes of conflict.
    • The importance of building trust and dialogue: Promoting dialogue between different groups in society and building trust between communities can help to prevent civil rebellions and tribal uprisings.

    1. The first major civil rebellion in India was the:
      (A) Sanyasi Rebellion
      (B) Kuka Rebellion
      (C) Sepoy Mutiny
      (D) Revolt of 1857

    2. The Kuka Rebellion was led by:
      (A) Guru Gobind Singh
      (B) Maharaja Ranjit Singh
      (C) Baba Ram Singh
      (D) Lala Lajpat Rai

    3. The Sepoy Mutiny was a major turning point in Indian history because it:
      (A) led to the end of the Mughal Empire
      (B) led to the establishment of the British Raj
      (C) led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857
      (D) led to the partition of India

    4. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising against British rule in India. The rebellion was led by:
      (A) Mangal Pandey
      (B) Rani Lakshmibai
      (C) Nana Sahib
      (D) Bahadur Shah Zafar

    5. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was ultimately unsuccessful, but it had a significant impact on the course of Indian history. The rebellion:
      (A) led to the end of the Mughal Empire
      (B) led to the establishment of the British Raj
      (C) led to the Indian National Congress
      (D) led to the partition of India

    6. The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by:
      (A) Mahatma Gandhi
      (B) Jawaharlal Nehru
      (C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
      (D) Dadabhai Naoroji

    7. The Indian National Congress was a major political party in India that played a leading role in the Indian independence movement. The party was founded by:
      (A) Mahatma Gandhi
      (B) Jawaharlal Nehru
      (C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
      (D) Dadabhai Naoroji

    8. The Indian independence movement was a long and complex struggle that culminated in the independence of India from British rule in 1947. The movement was led by:
      (A) Mahatma Gandhi
      (B) Jawaharlal Nehru
      (C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
      (D) Dadabhai Naoroji

    9. Mahatma Gandhi was a major figure in the Indian independence movement. He is known for his nonviolent resistance to British rule. Gandhi was assassinated in 1948.

    10. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He was a leading figure in the Indian independence movement. Nehru was a member of the Indian National Congress. He died in 1964.

    11. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a major figure in the Indian independence movement. He is known for his militant nationalism. Tilak was a member of the Indian National Congress. He died in 1920.

    12. Dadabhai Naoroji was a major figure in the Indian independence movement. He is known as the “Grand Old Man of India.” Naoroji was a member of the Indian National Congress. He died in 1917.

    13. The partition of India was the division of British India into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, in 1947. The partition was a major event in Indian history. It led to the mass Migration of people and the deaths of millions of people.

    14. The Kashmir conflict is a long-running dispute between India and Pakistan over the region of Kashmir. The conflict has its roots in the partition of India in 1947. The conflict has led to several wars between India and Pakistan.

    15. The Naxalite-Maoist insurgency is a major armed conflict in India. The insurgency is led by the Communist Party of India (Maoist). The insurgency has been ongoing since the 1960s. The insurgency has led to the deaths of thousands of people.

    16. The Indian economy is the world’s sixth-largest economy by Nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity. The economy is growing rapidly and is expected to become the world’s third-largest economy by 2030.

    17. The Indian stock market is the world’s 11th-largest stock market by market capitalization. The stock market is growing rapidly and is expected to become the world’s fifth-largest stock market by 2030.

    18. The Indian rupee is the official currency of India. The rupee is the world’s 10th-most traded currency. The rupee is pegged to the US dollar.

    19. The Indian government is a federal parliamentary republic. The government is headed by the President of India. The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of the Parliament and the legislative assemblies