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Civilizations have always flourished near sources of water. Since time immemorial,reservoirs are being constructed for domestic, drinking and Irrigation needs. There is a large variationin monsoon pattern. Therefore, storage of water is a prime need of Chhattisgarh. The history of waterstorage in reservoirs in the state goes back to the Kalchuri dynasty of 12th century. Vallabhsagar ofKotagth and khadga reservoirs of Ratanpur are examples of this age-old tradition of preservation andstorage of water.
About 59,900 MCM of water drains into Ganga, Godawari, Mahanadi, Narmada andBramhani rivers from 137 thousand square kilometers geographical area of Chhattisgarh. Excludingthe use by neighboring states, only 41,700 MCM of surface water can be utilized in the state. Atpresent only 22% of surface water is being used for irrigation, industrial and domestic purpose.Similarly 13,678 MCM of ground water is available, of which 20% has so far been harnessed.
About 80% Population of the state is rural and mainly dependent on agriculture. Theaverage rain fall of the state is 1300 mm and entire state falls under rice-agro-Climate zone.Variability in monsoon directly affects agriculture crops, mainly paddy. In the circumstances moreirrigation facility has become a primary requirement for the state.
Irrigation in Chhattisgarh: Present Status
The gross sown area and net sown area of the state are 5.683 Million Hectare. And4.710 Million Hectare respectively. Irrigation potential of 1.328 Million Hectare was created from thegovernment sources till the formation of the new state of Chhattisgarh ( 1st November 2000) whichwas only 22.94% of gross sown area. It has now reached 1.809 Million Hectare which is 31.83% of grosssown area.
Irrigation in Chhattisgarh :Targets and Achievements
During 11th five year plan (2007-2012) additional irrigation potential of 481000 Hectare has been created up to March 2011.In addition to plan funds, the works are being executed from other budgetary provisionalso like loan from NABARD, EMPLOYMENT Guarantee Schemes (NREGA) drought prone areas etc.to increase the irrigation facilities.
RIDF Programme (NABARD) –
Under the Rural Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE-development/”>Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) 416 schemes from Phase-IIto Phase-XVII have been taken up. The designed irrigation potential for these schemes is 221166 Hectare.
Tandula Canal Lining, Mata Sutiapat Project, KharkharaMohadipat Project and Mand Diversion aresome of the main projects which have been completed.
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) –
Under accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) 2 Major Project (MahandiReservoir Project and HasdeoBango Project) and 147 Minor Irrigation Schemes have beencompleted which created 143030 Hectareof Irrigation Potential. 03 Majar Projects (Kelo Project,Kharang and Maniyri Canal Lining) two medium projects (Kosarteda and Sutiyapat) and 127 MinorIrrigation Schemes are under construction. Apart from these proposal 02 medium projects(GhumariyaNalla Barrage &KarraNalla Barrage) and 52 Nos Minor Irrigation Schemes have beensubmitted to Government of India for sanction under AIBP.
Schemes Under Construction –
There are four major, 6 medium and 412 minor schemes which are under constructionlike HasdeoBango Project (Major), Sondur Project (Major), Kosarteda Project (Medium), KarraNalla Barrage (Medium). These schemes will especially cater to the requirement of tribal and droughtprone areas.
Chhattisgarh Irrigation Development Project (ADB assisted) –
Increase in productivity by the use of improved irrigation methods, better watermanagement and modern agricultural methods to increase the irrigation area and raising income toreduce POVERTY are main objectives of this project.
Renovation and rehabilitation of 123 minor and 24 medium schemes strengthening andintensive training of Water Users Association (WUA), capacity building of department staff andfarmers for improvement in agricultural techniques are the main components of this project.
Estimated cost of this 7 year project is Rs. 306.00 crore. The work of 91 Scheme worth Rs. 78.79crore is completed. The work of 76 schemes worth Rs. 79.80 in under progress, on completion of 147schemes, 176750 Hac. irrigation potential can be recovered.
National Hydrology Project Phase-II (World Bank Assisted) –
Planning and design of water Resources development, decision support and design aidby the use of data collection are main features of this world Bank Assosited “National HydrologyProject Phase-II”. To provide information about the availability and quality of surface and groundwater to different institutions and users is also special purpose of the project. Total estimated cost ofthe project was Rs. 21.51 crores. The latest estimated cost is Rs. 10.27 crores.
Steps to increase irrigation sources in Chhattisgarh:
Construction of Anicuts –
In the state of Chhattisgarh, there were ponds in almost every small habitation. Besidesfulfilling the local needs, these ponds were maintaining the natural balance of ground water in almostthe whole of the state. These ponds lost their existence with time and excessive exploitation of groundwater. As result water table plummeted. To overcome this imbalance, the Government ofChhattisgarh has prepared an ambitious project of creation alternate water bodies by constructinganicuts and stop-Dams across various rivers and rivulets in the state. Under this project 595 anicutsand stop-dams have been identified across river Mahanadi, Shivnath, Jonk and other perennial riversand rivulets in the “rain-shade” region. This will raise the water table and will be very useful to localpopulace. The estimated cost of these anicuts and stop-dams is Rs. 2322.76 crore. Water will beavailable for drinking, domestic, agricultural and industrial uses from these anicuts. At present 154anicuts costing to Rs. 412.91 crore has been completed and 129 aniucts costing to Rs. 901.54 croreare under construction.
Ayacut Development–
Requirement of irrigation water has increased manifold with the development of newtechniques in the field of agriculture. With view of optimum use of available water, Commend Area.
Development Programme was launched by Government of India for major and medium irrigationprojects. Construction of field channels, Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM), Training offarmers etc. are being executed under this programme. Following two Commend area DevelopmentAuthorities have been Constituted in the state;
- In year 2011-12 25630 Hectarecommand area in Mahanadi, command area Raipur andHasdeoAyacut Development Bilaspur up to 2/2012 has been developed.
- Thus, Water Resources Department has contributed in the overall development of the stateby creating irrigation potential, providing water for drinking and industrial purpose
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Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the growing of crops. It is used to supplement and replenish the natural water supply in areas where rainfall is inadequate. Irrigation systems vary in size and complexity, from small, hand-operated systems to large, automated systems that cover vast areas.
In Chhattisgarh, irrigation is essential for agriculture. The state receives an Average annual rainfall of 1,100 mm, but this varies greatly from year to year. In some years, rainfall is much lower than average, leading to drought conditions. In other years, rainfall is much higher than average, leading to flooding. Irrigation helps to ensure that crops have a reliable source of water, even during periods of drought or flooding.
There are a number of different irrigation methods used in Chhattisgarh. The most common method is Canal Irrigation. Canals are artificial waterways that carry water from rivers or reservoirs to fields. The water is then distributed to the crops through a system of pipes and ditches.
Another common method of irrigation is Drip Irrigation. Drip irrigation is a more efficient method of irrigation than canal irrigation. In drip irrigation, water is delivered directly to the roots of the Plants through a Network of small pipes. This method of irrigation uses less water than canal irrigation, and it also helps to reduce Soil erosion.
Flood irrigation is another method of irrigation that is used in Chhattisgarh. In flood irrigation, water is released from a reservoir or river and allowed to flow over the fields. This method of irrigation is not very efficient, as much of the water is lost to Evaporation and runoff. However, it is a relatively simple and inexpensive method of irrigation.
Lift irrigation is a method of irrigation that is used in areas where the water table is deep. In lift irrigation, water is pumped from the ground to the fields. This method of irrigation is more expensive than canal irrigation or drip irrigation, but it is necessary in areas where there is no other source of water.
Micro-irrigation is a type of drip irrigation that uses small pipes and emitters to deliver water directly to the roots of the plants. Micro-irrigation is a very efficient method of irrigation, and it can save water and fertilizer.
Rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting rainwater and storing it for later use. Rainwater harvesting can be used for a variety of purposes, including irrigation, drinking water, and Livestock watering. Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable method of water management, and it can help to reduce the demand for groundwater and surface water.
Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of irrigation that uses sprinklers to spray water onto the crops. Sprinkler irrigation is a common method of irrigation in areas with high rainfall. It is a relatively efficient method of irrigation, and it can be used to irrigate a variety of crops.
Surface irrigation is a method of irrigation that uses ditches or furrows to distribute water to the crops. Surface irrigation is a simple and inexpensive method of irrigation, but it is not very efficient. A lot of water is lost to evaporation and runoff.
Tank Irrigation is a method of irrigation that uses tanks to store water. The water is then released from the tanks and allowed to flow over the fields. Tank irrigation is a common method of irrigation in areas with low rainfall. It is a relatively efficient method of irrigation, and it can be used to irrigate a variety of crops.
Watershed Management is a method of managing water resources in a watershed. A watershed is an area of land that drains into a river or stream. Watershed management includes a variety of activities, such as forest management, flood control, and erosion control. Watershed management helps to protect water quality and quantity.
Irrigation is an essential part of agriculture in Chhattisgarh. The state’s economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, and irrigation helps to ensure that crops have a reliable source of water. There are a number of different irrigation methods used in Chhattisgarh, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The best method of irrigation for a particular area depends on a variety of factors, such as the climate, the type of crops being grown, and the availability of water.
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the Growth of crops. It is used to supplement and manage the natural water cycle. Irrigation systems can be used to irrigate agricultural land, parks, golf courses, and many other types of land.
There are many different types of irrigation systems, including surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and micro-irrigation. Surface irrigation is the oldest and most common type of irrigation. It involves flooding the land with water from a canal or ditch. Sprinkler irrigation uses sprinklers to spray water onto the land. Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the roots of plants through a network of small pipes. Micro-irrigation is a type of drip irrigation that uses very small emitters to deliver water to the roots of plants.
Irrigation is essential for agriculture in many parts of the world. It can increase crop yields and improve crop quality. Irrigation can also help to control pests and diseases. However, irrigation can also have negative environmental impacts, such as Water Pollution and soil erosion.
Here are some frequently asked questions about irrigation:
What is irrigation?
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the growth of crops.What are the different types of irrigation systems?
There are many different types of irrigation systems, including surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and micro-irrigation.What are the benefits of irrigation?
Irrigation can increase crop yields and improve crop quality. Irrigation can also help to control pests and diseases.What are the drawbacks of irrigation?
Irrigation can have negative environmental impacts, such as water pollution and soil erosion.What are the future trends in irrigation?
The future of irrigation is likely to be focused on more efficient and sustainable methods of irrigation.
Which of the following is not a major irrigation project in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Indravati Project
(B) Hasdeo Bango Project
(C) Mahanadi Project
(D) Narmada ProjectWhich of the following is the main source of irrigation in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Canals
(B) Wells
(C) Tanks
(D) Tube wellsWhat is the Percentage of irrigated area in Chhattisgarh?
(A) 30%
(B) 40%
(C) 50%
(D) 60%Which of the following is the main crop grown in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Rice
(B) Wheat
(C) Maize
(D) SugarcaneWhich of the following is the main irrigation method used in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Flood irrigation
(B) Sprinkler irrigation
(C) Drip irrigation
(D) None of the aboveWhich of the following is the main reason for low irrigation in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Lack of water resources
(B) Lack of infrastructure
(C) Lack of awareness
(D) All of the aboveWhat is the government doing to improve irrigation in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Building new dams and canals
(B) Providing subsidies for irrigation equipment
(C) Promoting drip irrigation
(D) All of the aboveWhat are the benefits of improved irrigation in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Increased crop yields
(B) Increased farmer incomes
(C) Reduced water use
(D) All of the aboveWhat are the challenges of improved irrigation in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Land acquisition
(B) Environmental impact
(C) Social impact
(D) All of the aboveWhat is the future of irrigation in Chhattisgarh?
(A) It will continue to be important for the state’s economy.
(B) It will become less important as the state develops other industries.
(C) It will become more important as the state’s population grows.
(D) It is impossible to say.