Chhattisgarh: Human Development Index

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Human Development index is published by UNDP every year. It indicated overall human development in terms of Education, Health, per capita income. In terms of HDI Chhattisgarh stands at the bottom of the HDI table. It is ranked 23rd among the HDI table with HDI score of 0.358

  1. Life Expectancy Index (LEI) =

(LE-20)/85-20

LEI is 1 when Life expectancy at birth is 85 and 0 when Life expectancy at birth is 20.

  1. Education Index (EI) = MYSI + EYSI 2 /2

2.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI) = MYS/15

Fifteen is the projected maximum of this indicator for 2025.

 

2.2 Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI) = EYS/18

Eighteen is equivalent to achieving a master’s degree in most countries.

  1. Income Index (II)

HDI= cube root(LEI*EI*II)

 

Education Index

With respect to Literacy, the state fared just below the national Average. The recent estimates from Census (2011) are also similar, with the literacy rate of 71% (81.4% Males & 60.5% Females), which is close to the all India literacy rate of 74%.

Chhattisgarh has an Education Index of 0.526 according to 2011 NHDR which is higher than that of the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, although lower than the national average of 0.563.

According to NSS (2007–08), the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Scheduled Castes (SCs) was better than the corresponding national average.

Among the marginalized groups, STs are at the bottom of the rankings, further stressing the lack of social development in the state. Bastar and Dantewada in south Chhattisgarh are the most illiterate districts and the drop out ratio is the highest among all the districts. The reason for this is the extreme POVERTY in rural areas.

Health Index

Health Index of Chhattisgarh is less than 0.49, one of the lowest in the country. The Health Index is defined in terms of life expectancy at birth since a higher life expectancy at birth reflects better health outcomes for an individual.

The occurrence of female undernourishment in Chhattisgarh is higher than the national average—half of the ST females are famished.

The presentation of SCs is a little better than the corresponding national and state average. The Under Five Mortality Rate among STs is significantly higher than the national average. The Percentage of under-weight children in Chhattisgarh is also higher than the national average, further emphasizing the appalling health condition of the state’s Population.

Despite different health related schemes and programs, the Health Indicators such as percentage of Women with BMI<18.5, Under Five Mortality Rate and underweight children are poor. This may be due to the difficulty in accessing the remote areas in the state.

 

Per capita Income

It is very less per person in the state as compared to other states and to the national average.,

Chhattisgarh is a state in central India. It is the 10th largest state by area and the 17th most populous state in India. The state is bordered by Jharkhand to the north, Odisha to the east, Andhra Pradesh to the south, Telangana to the southwest, Maharashtra to the west, and Madhya Pradesh to the northwest. The capital of Chhattisgarh is Raipur.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and is published annually as part of the Human Development Report.

Chhattisgarh’s HDI ranking is 136 out of 189 countries in the 2020 Human Development Report. The state’s HDI value is 0.621, which is below the average HDI value of 0.728 for all countries. Chhattisgarh’s HDI value has increased from 0.521 in 1990 to 0.621 in 2020, an increase of 18.8%.

Chhattisgarh’s life expectancy at birth is 67.2 years, which is below the average life expectancy of 72.6 years for all countries. The state’s mean years of schooling are 6.9 years, which is also below the average mean years of schooling of 10.2 years for all countries. Chhattisgarh’s expected years of schooling are 11.4 years, which is above the average expected years of schooling of 10.2 years for all countries.

Chhattisgarh’s gross NATIONAL INCOME per capita is $2,210, which is below the average gross national income per capita of $10,990 for all countries. The state’s gender development index (GDI) is 0.634, which is above the average GDI value of 0.603 for all countries. Chhattisgarh’s inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) is 0.566, which is below the state’s HDI value of 0.621. The IHDI takes into account inequality in the distribution of income, education, and health.

The Human Development Report for Chhattisgarh was published in 2019. The report found that the state has made significant progress in human development over the past decade. However, the report also found that there are still significant challenges to be addressed, such as poverty, inequality, and lack of access to education and healthcare.

The report made a number of recommendations for how to improve human development in Chhattisgarh. These recommendations included:

  • Investing in education and healthcare
  • Reducing poverty and inequality
  • Promoting Equality/”>Gender Equality
  • Developing Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE
  • Protecting the Environment

The government of Chhattisgarh has taken some steps to address these challenges. For example, the government has increased spending on education and healthcare. The government has also launched a number of programs to reduce poverty and inequality. However, more needs to be done to improve human development in Chhattisgarh.

Here are some frequently asked questions about the Human Development Index (HDI):

  1. What is the Human Development Index?
    The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

  2. How is the HDI calculated?
    The HDI is calculated as a geometric mean of the normalized indices of life expectancy, education, and per capita income.

  3. What are the limitations of the HDI?
    The HDI has been criticized for its focus on income and its neglect of other important dimensions of human development, such as health, education, and gender equality.

  4. What are some alternative measures of human development?
    Some alternative measures of human development include the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), the Gender Development Index (GDI), and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).

  5. What is the relationship between the HDI and economic Growth?
    There is a positive correlation between the HDI and economic growth, but this correlation is not perfect. Some countries have achieved high levels of human development without high levels of economic growth, and vice versa.

  6. What are the policy implications of the HDI?
    The HDI can be used to track progress in human development over time and to compare the level of human development across countries. It can also be used to identify areas where countries need to improve their human development performance.

  7. What are some examples of countries with high HDIs?
    Some examples of countries with high HDIs include Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland.

  8. What are some examples of countries with low HDIs?
    Some examples of countries with low HDIs include Niger, Central African Republic, and Somalia.

  9. What are some of the challenges to achieving human development?
    Some of the challenges to achieving human development include poverty, inequality, conflict, and Environmental Degradation.

  10. What are some of the opportunities for achieving human development?
    Some of the opportunities for achieving human development include Technological Progress, Globalization/”>Globalization-3/”>Globalization, and the rise of civil Society.

  1. Which of the following is not a component of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
    (A) Life expectancy at birth
    (B) Mean years of schooling
    (C) Gross national income per capita
    (D) Literacy rate

  2. The HDI is a composite index of three dimensions:
    (A) Health, education, and income
    (B) Health, education, and gender equality
    (C) Health, education, and poverty
    (D) Health, education, and environment

  3. The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    (A) True
    (B) False

  4. The HDI was first published in 1990.
    (A) True
    (B) False

  5. The HDI is a measure of the average achievement in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.
    (A) True
    (B) False

  6. The HDI is a valuable tool for assessing the progress of countries towards achieving human development goals.
    (A) True
    (B) False

  7. The HDI has been criticized for being too simplistic and for not taking into account important factors such as inequality and environmental sustainability.
    (A) True
    (B) False

  8. The HDI is a useful tool for comparing the level of human development in different countries.
    (A) True
    (B) False

  9. The HDI is a useful tool for tracking progress over time in a country’s level of human development.
    (A) True
    (B) False

  10. The HDI is a useful tool for setting priorities for development.
    (A) True
    (B) False